Mass atomic isalamane iinzame izazinzulu ezininzi ibalwa

into nganye ayikho into eqinileyo, kuba iqulathe ngamasuntswana amancinci esekela molecule. Molecule atom. Kule njani ukuba kugqiba ubunzima kwento nga iimpawu molecule athom kuhlangani-. Ngexesha elinye, inkoliso yemisebenzi Lomonosov bababengezelela esi sihloko. Noko ke, zemvelo ukwazi abaninzi kusoloko abanomdla lo mbuzo: "Zeziphi iiyunithi kubonakaliswa ubunzima eziphilayo, ubunzima atom?"

Kodwa kuqala, kancinane lokumba kwimbali

Kwixesha elidlulileyo ngeyunithi mass nganye lisoloko ithathwe ubunzima hydrogen atom (H). Kwaye, phezu kwesi sisekelo, senza zonke izibalo eziyimfuneko. Noko ke, inkoliso khompawundi thaca kwi lwendalo ngohlobo iikhompawundi ioksijini, kodwa atom ebalwa isiqalelo ngobuninzi ngokunxulumene oksijini (O). Yeyiphi kakhulu ungakhululekanga, ngoko ke kwafuneka ukuba zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kubalwa njalo ratio A: N-16: 1. Ukongeza, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba inaccuracy kwi ratio, nguwe kanye ilingana 15,88: 1 no-16: 1.008. Olo tshintsho yabangela athom ukuguqula yokunikana izinto ezininzi. Kuye kwagqitywa ukushiya 16 ixabiso ubunzima, nangenxa H - 1.008. Uphuhliso ngakumbi inzululwazi iye yakhokelela ukubhengezwa nohlobo ioksijini. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwemolekyuli oxygen na izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo eziliqela ezinobunzima 18, 16, 17. Kuba physics alwamkelekanga ukusebenzisa iiyunithi ukuba i-avareji ixabiso. Ngenxa yoko, amaxolo amabini amatye atomic kwasekwa: in chemistry yemvelo. Kuphela 1961, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza isikali enye, nto leyo esetyenziswa namhlanje phantsi kwegama "unit carbon." Ngenxa yoko, zalaba weight atomic of the element imele atom carbon beeyunithi ubunzima.

Le ndlela yokubala

molecule Mass iqulathe kwenqwaba kweziyobisi-athom leyo zenza le mpilo. Sigqiba ukuba ubunzima molecule ukuba luboniswe units carbon, kwakunye ubunzima-atom, ngamanye amazwi, isihlobo mass atomic uzimisele ngokungqinelana isalamane isiphumlisi. Njengoko yaziwa, kusetyenziswa uMthetho Avogadro kaThixo uyakwazi ukubona inani athom kwi molecule. Ukwazi inani athom kunye iimolekyuli kunobukhulu, sinako ukubala ubunzima atomic. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuchaza kuyo. Ngowe-1858 godu Cannizzaro ecetywayo indlela apho ubunzima isalamane atomic wagqiba ezo zinto ezo bayakwazi wokusungula compound sukube. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba bayakwazi ukuya nesinyithi. Ngoko ke, le ndlela wakhethwa ukuba nokumiselwa nobunzina atomic, esebenzisa ukuxhomekeka mass atomic umthamo ubushushu kweziyobisi. Ke zonke iindlela ngasentla kuphela ukunika amaxabiso elisondeleyo izihlwele atomic.

Njani yabalelwa ubunzima ngqo athom of an element?

Njengoko kuboniswe izifundo ezi amaxabiso omalunga zenzululwazi icaciswa echanileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, kuphela ixabiso ofuna linokuyithelekisa ezilingana. element yeNethiwekhi elingana umlinganiselo isihlobo element atom yokunikana Valence layo elibona. Le ratio sele kugqitywe ubunzima oluchanekileyo isalamane atomic isiqalelo ngasinye.