Ubunzima Atomic: iipatheni ehlekisayo

Zonke iintlobo kwezinto ezikhoyo kungenxa kwindibaniselwano iindidi ezahlukeneyo athom. Kwenzeka ukuba ezi ntlobo athom - kancinane ngaphezu kwekhulu namhlanje. Kodwa - abafana kakhulu abangenazigqibo, kwaye kudityaniswe enye kwenye hayi yimithetho combinatorics, yaye ngokuhambelana nemithetho of chemistry. Kunjalo, inani lee-arhente kakhulu, ubukhula. Kodwa ke inani eyaziwa imichiza phantse ukhulise. Ngamnye ufana yedwa kwaye "Mfanekiso" yayo. Kwaye ke inkalo ephambili zonke element - atomic weight.

Iyunithi ye mass - eli nani lincinane kakhulu. Akukho namnye lweentlobo ezikhoyo-athom udalelwe abe ngumgqatswa ngenxa yokuba iyunithi ubunzima (kodwa ekufuphi yaba hydrogen ukukhanya). Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye wagqiba ukuba athathe lula ukubala inani - omnye-elinesibini ubunzima olungagungqiyo njengento ezifana carbon. kwafunyanwa ukuba inani elungileyo kakhulu evakalisa umlinganiselo apho atom amalunga omnye komnye. Ngaloo ndlela, iyunithi mass atom yathatyathwa ukuba inani ubukhulu elincinane kakhulu, oku oyintsobi elincinane "ezilishumi ukuya ngamandla thabatha mabini anesixhenxe."

Kucacile ukuba ukusetyenziswa inani enjalo kakubi. Uyaqonda ukuba izibalo yonke utsale isidanga wamashumi amabini thabatha nje esandleni, yaye ngenxa yoko inani zinokufana ungakhululekanga, ngumsina. Yintoni ukwenza ntoni? Ukuze ufake isicelo iyunithi efana isalamane atomic mass element. Yintoni na? Yonke into yenziwa kakhulu nje - athatyathiweyo ubunzima atom elililo (inani, phantse kwinqanaba elibuhlungu kakhulu elifanayo negative), yahlulelwe kwii zethu-yeshumi elinye ubunzima carbon. Ngoko ke yintoni? Injalo loo nto, iqondo yokwehla waza wafumana kakhulu inani endilisekileyo. Umzekelo, elinesithandathu oksijini-atom; elinesine - ukuze initrogen. Carbon, ngokusengqiqweni, bekuya kuba ubunzima elinambini. A hydrogen weight atomic - nye, kodwa hayi kanye lowo ebonisa ukuba asingabo bonke hydrogen wasiwa yobalo, nangona inani kufutshane kakhulu ubunzima bayo.

kutheni na ke ubunzima isalamane atomic isiqalelo ngasinye - inani ayikho kakhulu umdla, non-elipheleleyo? Le nto ke ukuba izinto, nangona ekubeni iintlobo athom ngaphakathi iintlobo ukuhlawula "abangafaniyo". Ezinye zazo ukutshabalala, kalula, a kulula kakhulu ukuba lungasebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa umzuzwana apho, ngoko ke angena kubethwa ngoyaba. Amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye ifomu yonke into esitalini iquka iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela kunye mass ezahlukeneyo atomic. Ewe kuthiwa izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ziyathandwa iseli kumntu wonke itheyibhile schoolchild - ewe, wena thelekelwayo kulungile, lo lwezakhi.

Kodwa ubunzima atom i element kwenza i element? Nakanye, i element iphawulwa esisiseko kakhulu inani protons kwi ngumongo. Apha ungakwazi iqhezu kwaye ibonisa elihle isigxina ngumongo. I "cwaka" ye electron atom kangangoko njengoko protons kwi ngumongo, ngoko ngokuhlonipha atom yi kagesi cala. Ngokutsho isigxina eziba athom , yaye zicwangciswe ulandelelwano etafileni ngamaxesha athile, kodwa ubunzima sabo amaxesha musa ukuthobela lo mthetho. Ngoko ke, kukho-ngaphandle xa atom nzima umi phambi kwetafile ngokokulandelelana. Kulungile, kuba ityala kuphela izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo. Nature "wayefuna 'ukuba izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo elisindayo kakhulu le nto. Kodwa mass isalamane atomic ukubhentsisa ngokomlinganiselo inani izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngamafutshane, ukuba uhlobo elide izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo nzima - ubunzima atom kuya kuba ngakumbi, ukuba ukukhanya ngakumbi - lingaphantsi. Kwaye imangalisayo kwinkqubo ngamaxesha athile.

Enyanisweni, wathi ubunzima atom abambalwa lula. Kukho imithetho enzulu kakhulu kwaye kakhulu ngokuphathelele lwezakhi. Kodwa ifuna inqaku eyahlukileyo, mhlawumbi uya kubuya ukuwafunda kamva, mfundi othandekayo.