Mastoiditis: ntoni na? Iimpawu Mastoiditis, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Sisifo esosulelayo ochaphazela iziqalelo ithambo nezenyama, yaba lukakayi ngenxa yokukrala ubovu sendlebe phakathi inkqubo - a mastoiditis. Yintoni na, ngenxa Ziziphi izizathu, kwaye kukho yintoni iziphumo kunokukhokelela - yonke imibuzo eza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu. Noko ke, ukuze siqonde uhlobo ngemvelaphi sifo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda inkcazelo yenkqubo mastoid kunye nesakhiwo yokwakheka intamo yabantu.

Ubume intamo. ithambo okubangwa

skull Human ukhandwa yintlaninge idayisi leyo ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili - ithambo isebe ithambo medullary nommandla yobuso. ihamile, nensimbi nestibili - Ukongeza kula amathambo phakathi indlebe kwisisu kukho iintlobo ezintathu amathambo nesithandwa na. ithambo zexeshana - ithambo ukusuka kwiqela ikhadi yobuchopho, owenza Amaza. Ithambo zexeshana lonke uluhlu iziqu-luvo:

• vestibular-cochlear,
• ngaphambili,
• lokumisa trigeminal
• umhlonyane,
• luvo glossopharyngeal.

Ithambo zexeshana ibandakanya iinkalo ezintathu: carcinomas, tympanic kwaye unamatye. kummandla Scale yakha udonga zisecaleni yokakayi; isigubhu inxalenye - i element ojikeleze indlebe emisele; inxalenye rocky ikhangeleka yephiramidi, aze enze umsebenzi wesikhongozeli xa indlebe oluphakathi kunye yangaphakathi, apho mabapase kwakhona imithambo yegazi. Iphiramidi kuquka iindawo ezintathu - ngaphambili, ngasemva kunye ezantsi. Lower iifom ndawo mastoid.

Ingcamango kunye nesakhiwo mastoid

Mastoid i ezimilise etsobhileyo projektha elahliweyo emva indlebe. Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi mastoid - ezininzi kuThixo nemingxuma bone ezele umoya ukunxibelelana nendlebe (kwisisu tympanic nge) nge mastoid mqolomba. Cave (antrum) - iseli mastoid inkulu. Xa inkqubo mastoid wasiqinisa izihlunu, equka amacandelo amathathu - kwentamo, clavicle kunye mastoid.

Ubume le nkqubo ngamnye lomntu ngamnye. Kukho iindidi ezintathu nesakhiwo sayo. isakhiwo womoya - mastoid iqulathe iiseli ezinkulu nomoya. Diploeticheskoe isakhiwo - yesakhiwo iiseli ezincinane ezaliswe umongo wethambo. isakhiwo Sclerotic - ubume iseli kakubi kakhulu kuphuhliswa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlobo lwesakhiwo mastoid uxhomekeke kakhulu mastoiditis. Yaye kwiimeko ezininzi, mastoiditis senzeka kubantu kunye nesakhiwo womoya inkqubo mastoid.

Mastoiditis: ntoni na?

Mastoiditis - yinkqubo yokukrala ukuba kwenzeka ingaphakathi emqolombeni (antrum) okanye isakhiwo zeselula wethambo zexeshana. Cazulula ngezifo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezichongiweyo iintlobo ezimbini isifo - mastoiditis eziziprayimari nezizisekondari.

Njengoko sibonile ngaphambili, oko inxibelelane mastoid le kwisisu tympanic. iimeko ezininzi mastoiditis kwenzeka ngenxa zokugula mastoid kwi imvelaphi phakathi indlebe komtshiso oko. Lo mfanekiso lwezonyango icebisa mastoiditis lesibini njengoko kwingxaki kwamajelo ezingapheliyo otitis.

Unobangela uqhelekileyo mastoiditis etsolo ezi streptococci kunye staphylococci, ubuncinane - Pseudomonas aeruginosa kunye nezinye iintsholongwane aerobic kunye anaerobic. Kwezinye iimeko apho esi sifo sibangelwa mycobacteria.

mastoiditis Primary - a ngezifo ezinokwenzeka:

• Ngenxa yokulimala ebangelwa enxebeni kokudutyulwa okanye yokakayi nokunye.
• Kule nguqu inkqubo ubovu kwi ithambo mastoid kweenkqantosi nkovu.
• Ngenxa kwizifo ezithile - TB okanye granulomas esosulelayo.

Inkqubo sifo ilandelayo. Xa ukulimala kwenzeke yamophula iindonga ezingcakacileyo kwi ithambo, nto uluhlu amaqhekeza aseleyo ezincinane, leyo, kunye ngegazi iphalale yokudala imeko-bume efanelekileyo ukunyibilika ngamaqhekeza bone kunye nophuhliso okuqhubekayo komtshiso oko.

Inqanaba lesi sifo

Njengoko umthetho, uphuhliso mastoiditis ivavanywa izigaba ezibini:

• exudative,
• proliferative kunye nezinye.

Lokuqala kuphuhliso mastoiditis - exudative, iyaqhubeka iintsuku 7-10. Ngeli xesha, nokuphuhlisa ukudumba mastoid. Nkcwe inwebu yangaphakathi, ubume iseli mastoid zivaliwe, ezele ububomvu kunye nobunzima ayahlulwa emqolombeni mastoid. Indlela XRD kweli nqanaba sifo ibonisa izahlulelo ngokungangqalanga phakathi iiseli.

sigaba enye-proliferative kwesi sifo luphawulwa ukutshatyalaliswa izahlulelo olwahlula iiseli kunye ukubonakala kumaqela ezahlukeneyo iiseli, nto leyo bahlanganisane ukuze umgodi ngokomthamo. Utshintsho kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba umongo kunye nezakhiwo nemithambo.

Ngamanye amaxesha uphuhliso cholesteatoma endlebeni phakathi kunokubangela ezahlukahlukeneyo kweenkqubo zophendlo lwezifo emzimbeni, kuquka mastoiditis. Yintoni na? Cholesteatoma yi capsule, eliquka cornified iiseli epithelial.

Mastoiditis: Iimpawu

Unyango lwe mastoiditis - inkqubo ixesha. Ngoko ke, ukuze baphumelele kulo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukuba esi sifo ngokwamanqanaba ekuqaleni kwalo. Kuxhomekeka ngendlela iimpawu zibonakale mastoiditis, bahlule iintlobo eziphambili kunye Nedlac esi sifo. Kuba uhlobo Nedlac okanye abagxothwa esi sifo iphawulwa flow elidangeleyo kungekho zimpawu libizwe.

Xa uhlobo obabuthandwa mastoiditis, izigulane ezikhala buhlungu elibukhali kwi indlebe kunye nentloko, elisuke ukuya ngasemva entloko okanye ebunzi; kummandla mastoid kalanga. Nge ukufukuka kabukhali ancedisana, ingakumbi ukuyilwa inkqubo ubovu kuzo, pinna phuhlu iphambi.

Ngaloo ndlela phambi sifo kubonisa okutshintshileyo parameters kwaye isiphumo zovavanyo igazi evela inkqubo arhabaxa.

Kuba mastoiditis kufuneka sikhatshwe kuphuhliso Gradenigo engqondweni, apho kukho ukushwabana abducens. Isigulane iye ukushukumiseka eliqingqiweyo yeso endlebeni yesigulane. Photophobia angakhula. Ezi mpawu rhoqo zibonisa kukukrala eliqingqiweyo le meninges, apho iimpawu ziquka ukugabha, isiyezi, intloko unilateral.

Iimpawu ezifanayo iimpawu mastoiditis indlebe furunculosis zangaphandle kwakunye ukudumba ezalathelwe nkovu esemva auricle. Ekubeni le yunithi ibekwe isembindini inkqubo mastoid, zinika intshukumo nkovu lonke indlebe. Xa urhulumente esempilweni, node nkovu ngamnye ngokulula ubonwe. Xa isifo zonke iindawo nkovu ziya Walungisa. Xa iindawo uxinzelelo mastoiditis ibangela akukho bagula kwi ithambo mastoid - ebangela; xa adenitis lize.

Xa kuthelekiswa ikhosi zesi sifo abadala, mastoiditis ebantwaneni ingachazwa ngemiqondiso nonspecific waza wavakalisa ilahleko kudla, urhudo, ukuba nochuku, ikheswa ukusuka Indlebe yangaphandle.

iintlobo Nedlac of mastoiditis

Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezithile zesi sifo, zonyango bahlule Nedlac ngeeNtlobo mastoiditis. Iifom ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• zigomatitsit,
• wee-intamo mastoiditis ukuba ohlobo ezine
• I Squam,
• petrozit.

Zigomatitsit - a mastoiditis uhlobo, apho inkqubo yokukrala kudlulela kwinkqubo zygomatic, cheekbones ukudumba kwenzeka kummandla phambi indlebe. Xa nokudumba kwakheka ithumba.

Xa abantwana, kusenokubakho iifom "bobuxoki" zigomatitsitov - ithumba, leyo aluchaphazeli iiseli nengcambu inkqubo zygomatic. Ekubeni abantwana ziphuhliswa kakuhle umqolomba kuphela ukuba bavame antritis - ukudumba inwebu kwiinwebu le mastoid antrum. Ngaphambili, esi sifo kwakhokelela yezinga eliphezulu lokusweleka kweentsana.

Squam - inkqubo ubovu esichaphazela ithambo zexeshana.

Ukuba ukudumba iqala kule ndawo iphiramidi ithambo zezomzuzwana, petrozit apho. Hi ndlela leyi, petrozity elicothayo.

Iindidi wee-entanyeni mastoiditis

Ngu Shane mastoiditis ubutsolo ziquka:

• mastoiditis Betsoldovsky - ngezifo, apho ubomvu isasazwa kummandla zihlunu sternocleidomastoid, yaye kummandla enkcochoyini mastoid na ukudumba apho. Le ezimbi Iziko inokuba ibonakale ngeprojektha Itomography ithambo lateral temporal. Lingaze mastoiditis ifomu kwi isanda na ukuhamba abaziintsizana entanyeni.
• Mastoiditis Chetelli - leengxaki apho ubofu ingena umphezulu ngasemva inkqubo mastoid.
• Mastoiditis Moore - isifo apho ubofu xhaxhe phakathi izihlunu entanyeni ngenxa ukudumba wesibeleko nkovu node ithumba kwakheka. Kulo mzekelo, kukho ukudumba entanyeni, ngoko unokuba fistulas.
• Mastoiditis Orleans - ngezifo, apho kummandla eliphezulu icandelo kwezihlunu sternocleidomastoid wabumba ukudumba, isisa kwi ingcinezelo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho kukhululeka ye ubomvu indlebe, ngokungafaniyo Betsoldovskogo mastoiditis.

ekuxilongweni

Ngokuqhelekileyo, lokufunyaniswa "mastoiditis" iseti, ngokusekelwe ngembali yempilo yesigulane. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo esamisiweyo indlebe ngezifo, unyango kwenziwa, ubukho / ukungabikho iingxaki; ulwaphulo noqikelelo nesimo sempilo. Ukongeza, uxilongo ayikho indima lokugqibela eyadlalwa izikhalazo yesigulane, uhlolo kunye Ngokucofa indlebe, iziphumo otoscopy, audiometry, obhobhozayo elabhoratri evela indlebe, ophthalmoscopy iliso kunye biomicroscopy. Itomography ngekhompyutha - indlela standard ngawo mastoiditis unesifo. Yintoni na? Olu hlobo loxilongo sikuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo zonke ngesakhiwo lukakayi nokuvavanya iinkqubo zophuhliso ubovu kunye nomgama wazo ukusuka ingqondo kunye luvo yobuso. Le ndlela isekelwe kuphononongo ngokwezigaba ubume bento - wathelekisa isiphumo-X-reyi kwi ezahlukeneyo kwezihlunu mninzi. I-lwazi ezithathwe ziphantsi computer entsonkothileyo.

X-ray, yaba lukakayi, umzekelo, isinceda ukuba ukuchonga ezindongeni distinguishable ngokucacileyo ngenxa yenkqubo kwiintetho ezikralayo, nto leyo ibonisa ngokucacileyo kuphuhliso mastoiditis. Ngaphezu koko, mastoiditis xa kukrokrelwa wenziwe uhlalutyo kwezonyango igazi ubofu ukusuka indlebe uvakalelo nemithi.

Ukuze wenze isifo "mastoiditis", kusenokufuneka ubuze otolaryngologist nje kuphela, kodwa ezinye iingcali - emine, wamazinyo, zamehlo, ugqirha.

unyango elondoloza

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ngezifo zimiswe kwi kusekwangoko. Ukuba umntu ngoko nangoko ucela uncedo ukuya ingcali yaye ufumane ngexesha unyango (antibiotics), ime ukosuleleka, kwaye kuthathwa ukuba isigulana uye kuvela akukho iingxaki kwixesha elizayo, nto leyo ebangela mastoiditis.

Unyango lwenziwa ngolu hlobo. Okokuqala, sebenzisa i zintsholongwane olubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, ngokungqinelana neziphumo zezifundo kwilebhu izinto eziphilayo ababelwe iintsholongwane ezithile eziye nefuthe zokukhomba kakhulu ichongwe kwi iintsholongwane aerobic kunye anaerobic. Zalisa ekupheliseni usulelo kufuna unyango zintsholongwane ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba elwa ubunzima luchukumisa isakhiwo inkqubo mastoid. Kwakhona asikabi ukwenzeka sifo, kusenokuba mastoiditis esinganyangekiyo.

Ngelo lokuqala mastoiditis unyango kungekho nzima zinto kwi ezintsonkothileyo ngezakhi oluqhubekayo linokwenziwa physiotherapy (UHF, microwave). A isiphumo olungileyo zonyango kufuneka Oluma kwindawo emva indlebe. Ngendlela, ukuba zingaba ukufudumala nengqele.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezi antibiotics kumazwe aphuhlileyo wancipha isehlo mastoiditis kwaye kwakhokelela ekubeni luncedo unyango endala phezu uqhaqho.

unyango ngotyando

Amaxesha amaninzi, unyango ngamachiza ayinikeli impucuko kwimpilo nomonde. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango ngotyando lweenkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ezibangela mastoiditis. Lo msebenzi, nangona kunjalo, alukhabi unyango parallel endilisekileyo.

Phakathi ubuchule zixhaphakileyo zotyando zezi myringotomy - liqatywe walimala - nokusekwa ityhubhu tympanostomy, ukuqinisekisa kukhuthaza ubomvu indlebe. Emva kwexesha elithile - ukususela kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya iinyanga eziliqela - ityhubhu bungaveli ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka indlebe kunye liqatywe aphilise ngokwendalo.

Antromastoidotomy - utyando, apho wavula antrum kunye mastoid trepanning. Injongo utyando kule meko nokususwa ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni abachaphazelekayo. Kukho iimeko xa ungenelelo ngotyando wazisusa inkqubo lonke kunye kwincam yayo. kabi leyo kuthiwa mastoidectomy. Sinzima kakhulu kwaye okwetyeli kuyo xa kuthe iingxaki okanye xa engekho nemiba ezintle zonyango. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu antrotomiyu ukwenza - manipulation antrum, njengoko kakubi kuphuhliswa mastoid.

Iingxaki mastoiditis. ukuvimbela

Xa ukungabikho kosulelo okanye unyango lwesifo ebithengiswe ngayo inyama ezingqongileyo, leyo kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, ezifana kokuva ilahleko, labyrinthitis kwaye ngenxa yoko - in nesiyezi, kuzwa. Usuleleko inokuyichaphazela luvo yobuso kwaye abangele ukushwabana imisipha yobuso. Mastoiditis ntonje ingunobangela subperiosteal ithumba ngunozala kuphuhliso zigomatitsita, skvamita, petrozita, paresis otogenny. Ukuba inkqubo yokukrala echaphazela inwebu ubuchopho meningitis. Ubukho nayiphi na kwezi iingxaki isigulana - oku kubonisa ukuba angenelele yotyando.

Umsebenzi kunye isigulane yobungcali medical - ukuthintela kuphuhliso mastoiditis. Uthintelo esi sifo ngokusondeleyo ekuthinteleni ithumba kwendlebe ephakathi - a ngezifo ebizwa ngokuba "eendaba otitis". Mastoiditis - sisifo ayikwazi ukusebenza. Iimpawu zaso, oonobangela kufuneka zijongwe usaqala. Unyango kufuneka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kuyangqinisiseka.

Hayi indima yokugqibela udlalwa apha kwaye inkqubo yabantu omzimba kunye nobuchule bokuxhathisa usulelo. Kubalulekile ukuba anyamekele lweHo- ngeempumlo kunye umlomo, ukunqanda izifo yokukrala kwi nasopharynx. Oku kunceda xa kuthintelo mastoiditis kwesifo yokuqala izifo indlebe kunye nonyango ekunene isibulala-zintsholongwane.

Kwinqaku ulwazi malunga yintoni kanye le mastoiditis; iimpawu, unyango kwezifo kunye nokuthintelwa kwayo. Noko ke, siphawula ukuba izinto ezichazwe ngasentla nje familiarization. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ukuthandabuza malunga nesifo kufuneka ngoko nangoko ufune uncedo lonyango ukusuka yincutshe.