Mata Hari - ngubani na le nto? Izibakala ngokwenene ubomi dancer odumileyo

Mata Hari, iifoto, engobomi, ubomi lobuqu, usapho, eya kwinqaku yaba edumileyo imvumi kunye courtesan umdaniso. Yena waye imvelaphi Dutch. lo mfazi waduma ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Ngubani na Mata Hari? Umbhalo, iifoto

Yavela eNetherlands, Heroine wenqaku. которой - Маргарета Гертруда, являлась единственной дочерью Адама Зелле. Mata Hari, ogama real - uMargaret Gertrude, intombi kuphela Adama Zelle. Waye abazalwana abathathu. 1876-1917 гг.) получила хорошее образование. Mata Hari (iminyaka yobomi -. Kweminyaka 1876-1917) bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi ishishini kayise. Adam ene- ivenkile umnqwazi sabo ngempumelelo kwishishini oyile. Margaretha iminyaka ukuya ku-13 ubudala baya esikolweni kuphela, apho ndandifunda inzala abameli oluphezulu. Kodwa ke ngo-1899, uyise zawa. Emva kwexesha elithile, uAdam kunye nomfazi wakhe umtshato. Margareta wathumela ukuba Sneek ukuya owayemele. Emva koko, waqhubeka ukufunda Leiden. Kuye kubekho siganeko noko ezingemnandi. E Leiden Margareta wafumana umsebenzi utitshala enkulisa. Noko ke, umalathisi sikolo saqala ngokuphandle ngothando naye. owayemele abanomsindo wathabatha yintombazana yesikolo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, uMargaret wabalekela The Hague kuyisekazi.

Indonesia

Mata Hari, iifoto, engobomi, apho kamva abe isifundo yophando mbali ezininzi empilweni, wayengumntu nomtsalane kakhulu. Wathi xa eneminyaka eyi-18, yena ndatshata okokuqala. Oku kwenzeka e Amsterdam ngo-1895, Andihambi mkhosi kunyaka-39 ubudala Rudolph Macleod. Margareta wadibana naye phezu ad. Esi sibini eyayihamba ngayo. Java. umtshato Early yaba linyathelo lokuqala lithemba ukuba wenza Mata Hari. Family, umfazi uRudolf kakhulu umthwalo. Kungekudala esi sibini babedanile emtshatweni. Rudolph waba ubuthathaka utywala, ukukhuphela ukungoneliseki kwabo ubomi nomfazi wakhe. Wayetyhola Margareta zonke iinkathazo zabo, kuquka ukuba angabi nako ukufumana ukunyuswa. Ukongeza, uRudolf awayezithanda abafazi kunye mistresses igcinwe ngokuphandle. Margareta, badana umyeni wakhe waya kwelinye igosa - van Redersu. Kwaqengqeleka iinyanga ezininzi ngenkuthalo isaphonononga izithethe Indonesia, kuquka ngomsebenzi wayo kwiqela dance le. Ngowe-1897, kuqala Margareta wasebenzisa igama lakhe Mata Hari. Le yindibaniselwano lithetha "ilanga." Emva coaxing Rudolf Margaretha wabuyela kuye kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yendoda yakhe itshintshile. Ukuze ukulibala, waqhubeka ukufunda inkcubeko yasekuhlaleni.

Le ntlekele lokuqala

Ngowe-1898, unyana ka-uMargaret wafa eneminyaka engama-2. Kukholelwa ukuba wabulawa iingxaki negcushuwa ezosulela kuye evela kubazali bakhe. umfazi Sami ibango ukuba unyana wakhe wadliswa sisicaka. Kwezinye imithombo kukho iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba noRudolf kakubi indoda umkhonzi. Oko njengempendulo wayalela umfazi wakhe ukubonakalisa unyana wakhe nentombi uMargaret noRudolf. Omkhonzazana ukuxuba ityhefu ekutyeni. Kwaba lula ngokwaneleyo, ekubeni nako ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngeenxa zonke endlwini, ungeniswe ekhitshini. Inkwenkwe atsala ngaphambi kokuba afe. Noko ke, intombi unako ukusinda. Abanye bathi ukuba ummangaliso ngokwenene, ngoxa abanye babubonisa sifo ngamandla umntwana. Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuhlala imfihlelo waba nako ukusinda ukuba oku kutya kunetyhefu zombini abantwana ngayo. Ngowe-1903, uRudolf kunye uMargaret umtshato. Kulo mzekelo, i-ex-umyeni uye wasebenzisa ilungelo ukukhulisa intombi, owathi wafa eneminyaka engama-21. Wavele, isizathu kwakhona kwingxaki of negcushuwa.

Paris

Ngowe-1905 lonke yaseFransi wafumanisa ngubani lo Mata Hari. этой женщины привлекали огромное количество поклонников. Biography, iifoto yomfazi kwatsala zilandelayo enkulu. Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba emva komtshato uMargaret, waba asinde kakhulu. Ukuze siphile, waya eParis. Okokuqala, lo mzi wadibana nabo abanabubele yayo. Kuthetha yena akazange, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba anciphise ngokwam bonke. Ekuqaleni, uMargaret wagqiba ekubeni afumane imodeli womzobi. Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza nizihlabe oyimbangi ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Margareta waba iifom yeyokukhulisa, ngoko artists French azikho ngokwenene kuye ukukhalaza. Kwakufuneka ukuya isekisi Mollier. Apho, yena wayesebenza namahashe njengokuba umkhweli ekuthiwa Gresh Lady Macleod. Ngelo xesha uMargaret wayesazi kakuhle ukuba urhulumente kumsebenzi enjalo ayisebenzi.

umsebenzi Early

Ngowe-1905, ngomhla eqongeni womdaniso ngo-Paris yokuqala ukuvela Mata Hari. говоря, мало кого интересовала сначала - все смотрели на тело. Biography, ngokufutshane, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanomdla kuqala - zonke wajonga umzimba. Margareta enyuka inombolo. Wakhumbula indlela ngexesha lomtshato kwi East Indies awabona isisu esina yaye kwakumnandi kubo kunye noluntu. igumbi lakhe yokuqala yabonisa kule ndlu ka noNkosikazi Kireevsk. Bonke abafumanekayo okunoneleyo yi iintshukumo dancer exotic. Amadoda nawo amanani esimnandi kakhulu ophela, xa uyihlubile ngokupheleleyo. Kuthiwa ukuba uMargaret wayengenguye dancer yobungcali. Udinga nje imali.

udumo

Ukususela ngo-1905, uMargaret waba onguSibahle "isimbo oriental" edumileyo, osebenza phantsi kwegama Mata Hari. Yaba umfazi ekhethekileyo. Ezinye nemidaniso bakhe efanayo ngokubulawa ukuya ozihluba mihla. Ngelo xesha yena wayengekho kodwa eziqhelekileyo kubantu Western. Ekupheleni amanani zakhe wahlala onguSibahle phantse ze. "Ngoko ke ezifana Shiva", - watsho Mata Hari. Yaba umdaniso engcwele wokwenene. Yena wenza eqongeni phambi inani elincinane iingcali. Yokudlala ngexesha elifanayo yayizele ezinamagqabi rose. Of umdla ezi ntsomi ezixelayo ukuba Mata Hari. Yaba intombazana yothando kunye nomfanekiso- sisityebi. Ngokomzekelo, yena wathi lomdaniso engcwele oriental iyayazi ukusuka ebuntwaneni. Dancer wayenokuthi oko kukuthi i-nkosazana ezingaqhelekanga okanye ntombi inkosazana Indian noKumkani Edward yesixhenxe, ukuba iye ihashe yayo, nto leyo evumela ukuhamba yedwa ukuba imfundo yakhe nanako eMonastri eMpuma kuphela naye. Kwakukho eninzi mystification romantic ukuba ziqina abalandeli Mata Hari. ekugqibeleni kube negalelo kwimpumelelo yayo ezukileyo kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngelo xesha, ingakumbi nangakumbi umdla eMpuma kunye inkanuko.

courtesan

Akukho kuphela eParis kodwa nakwezinye izixeko zaseYurophu baqalisa ukwenza Mata Hari. говоря, в основном была связана с богатыми поклонниками. Biography, ngokufutshane, becala ezinxulumene sugar daddy. Ngokomzekelo, omnye wabo wayesisityebi isiFrentshi. Yena wamcela ukuba ukudanisa kwiMyuziyam lwezobuGcisa Oriental. которой пленило добрую часть мужского населения Европы, была очень успешной куртизанкой. Mata Hari, nto leyo uyotywe ifoto elungileyo yabantu abangamadoda aseYurophu courtesan yimpumelelo gqitha. Kwaba ngokunxulumene zomkhosi eziliqela akwizikhundla eziphezulu, abezopolitiko, amanye amanani anempembelelo evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka Germany kunye neFransi. Layinika ngezipho zexabiso, kodwa idla bafumana iingxaki zemali waphatha ematyaleni. Ngokutsho UMargaret waba amkhanuke imidlalo ikhadi. Wavele, ukuba washiya imali. Phambi kokuba First World Margareta badibana negosa samapolisa waseJamani. Abanye ababhali bathi ngoko zaba phantsi kweliso iinkonzo zokhuseleko waza Mata Hari. – так впоследствии ее будут называть. "Alias" - oko ke ngoko iya kubizwa ngokuba.

agent double

Ngexesha yokuQala yeHlabathi Netherlands lilizwe cala. Margareta, ukuba izifundo ukuya Dutch, ayikwazanga ngokukhululekileyo ukuya kwilizwe labo. Phakathi kwamazwe umgca ngaphambili. Margaret Dear walala kuzo eSpeyin, nto leyo eye yokuhlala esebenzayo kakhulu isiJamani, kwakunye ne-UK. uhambo lwakhe rhoqo kuye kwatsala ingqalelo counterintelligence. Ngehlobo lowe-1914 Margaretha wathunyelwa eParis nge eSwitzerland. Ubanjwe emdeni ukuqinisekisa amaxwebhu. Margaret wabo akukho nto, ngoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba athumele zonke iimpahla zabo, waza waya eBerlin eHolland. Ukufika ekhaya, lo ngumdanisi waba eyaphukileyo ngokwasengqondweni. Waye akukho ndlela yokuziphilisa. Margareta ngempazamo ihlangana bhanki kuqiniswe kakhulu. Yena uba nesithandwa sakhe iqulethe kungekudala ngokwaneleyo. Kulo Margareta wadibana baseJamani abanempembelelo sipha kakhulu nobubele. Dancer eParis yaye abazange bayifumane, kunye nonyaka kamva owathunywa yi na inkonzo yezobuntlola i eJamani. Ukususela ngoko uMargaret waqalisa ubomi ndiyintlola Mata Hari. девушки наполнена множеством слухов. amantombazana Biography ezele intlebendwane yabaninzi. Asingabo bonke ungquzulwano akwazi ukuchaza indlela tangles babaphandi.

Mata Hari: kwincwadi engobomi bomntu (ngamafutshane ebaluleke kakhulu)

Xa ngokuqesha Margareta wafumana umnxeba H-21. Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuba ndiyintlola phambi imfazwe. Iimeko ngqo kunye nezizathu yokugaya ayaziwa. Ngowe-1916, i-counterintelligence French wafumana ingcaciso yokuqala malunga nokuzibandakanya kwayo kumsebenzi ka amaJamani. Mata Hari, ukuba bafunda ngayo, weza iinkonzo mfihlakalo. Uye wacebisa ukuba uncedo isiFrentshi. Ngelo xesha Margareta wamthiya igama nesithandwa sakhe, eyaziwa njenge-arhente-recruiter. Ngenxa yoko, i-French wathumela ukuba umsebenzi encinane Madrid. Kukho izikrokro zaseMelika kubo kwaqinisekiswa ngenqindi phantsi. Counterintelligence wakwazi ukuba ganga ngoku unxibelelwano radio phakathi arhente kunye neziko waseJamani. Kwinqaku le wabonisa ukuba hlola utshaba H-21 bafika e Madrid waza wacelwa ukuba ngabemi waseJamani e-Paris. Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba kwirediyo laye declassified ecaleni German ngenjongo, ukuba bahlukane uMargaret.

ukumbamba

Emva kokubuyela eParis, Mata Hari entolongweni. Yaba Februwari 13, 1917-th. Ityala lika Margareta yabanjwa ngasemva iingcango ezivaliweyo. Bayo kunganxulunyaniswa ukudluliselwa kolwazi elutshabeni, eyakhokelela ekufeni ezithile eziliqela. Kufuneka ke ukuba izinto zonke iingxoxo ukuza kuthi ga ihlelwa. Inkundla Simfumene Mata Hari, enetyala waza wagwetyelwa ukufa. ummeli wakhe wazama ukuba akhulule phambi kokuba abulawe. Ubhenele, kodwa sakhatywa isikhalazo. Igqwetha bafaka isicelo nkqu umongameli, kodwa wala ukuxolisa. Abaswelayo waze wathi wayenokuthi ekhulelwe, ukuba ukulibazisa ukuphunyezwa yesivakalisi. Kodwa Mata Hari wala ukuba axoke.

ukubulawa

October 15, 1917 Ngentsasa uMargaret weza umlondolozi. Waye wacela ukuba ngokunxibisa ilungele abulawe. Nangona kunjalo, mna mbanjwa wacaphuka ukuba kwakhe ukubulawa ngokudutyulwa, ungaqhayisa isidlo sakusasa. Nangona UMargaret wayelungiselela, ibhokisi sele kusinda. Wadubula lakhe Vincennes kwi kwiinda. Njengoko imithombo, oko ngaphandle nasethunzini iimvakalelo kunye cwaka kakhulu wema esibondeni. UMargaret wajika ndela wamgona naye. Ke Mata Hari wathatha ingubo yakhe ayinike umfazi. UMargaret wala ukuba ebotshelelwe ipali. Naye wavuma ukuba amehlo. Xa phambi kwayo, wema amajoni 12. Ukuthumela kwabo wamanga, wamemeza ukuba wayekulungele. abantu 11 wadubula. Okokugqibela, Yaqoba nejoni yeshumi. Kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba utshilo, elinye lamadindala baya umzimba kwaye kwakhona wadutyulwa entloko. Emva kokuba ukubulawa umzimba wasiwa ukuba sokuhlaziya.

Ukusabela ukufa

Iindaba ukuba ngumdanisi odumileyo wadutyulwa balihlole, kwixesha elifutshane ifumene amahumhum. Omnye wabo sele elikhankanywe ngasentla. Njengoko kuba rumor umoya kiss. Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuba eyayibhekiswa igqwetha uMargaret, ngubani nesithandwa sakhe. Kukho rumor Mata Hari ngelizama ezinokuphazamisa amajoni wathabatha iingubo zabo washiya ze. Noko ke, ngo-1934 kwi "New Yorker" wapapasha inqaku wawancamisa kuyo. Ngokutsho ingcaciso amanqaku, ngexesha ekwenziweni ngumdanisi enxibe isuti esenzelwe ngokukodwa ngenxa sihlandlo. Omnye umthombo lubonise ukuba ihempe, umnqwazi, umnqwazi cocked, ezikhethelwe kwicala utshutshiso lo enkundleni. Le suti, kuthiwa nguye kuphela nyulu kunye epheleleyo yangasese entolongweni.

Bayahlelwa isidumbu

umzimba lakhe aliguqukanga ifunwe izalamane zakhe. Kule nkalo, oko wathunyelwa igumbi sokuhlaziya. intloko Margaret yaba yabaqholiweyo. Yena Wagcinwa Paris Museum of Anatomy. Kodwa ngo-2000 kwafunyaniswa ukuba intloko uyile. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba zanyamalala ukungahambiselani kwangethuba 1954, xa imyuziyam wathabatha ukufuduka. Imithombo ngo-1918 abonisa ukuba ingqinisiswe abanye bathunyelwa kumabhodlo uMargaret. Noko ke, iingxelo malunga baphi ngqo ayifumaneki.

yokuhlola umsebenzi

Uninzi lwababhali cinga ukuba ukusebenza Margaretha ezifana intlola akabaxwa kakhulu. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba iinkcukacha ukuba akwazi ukufumana, baba ixabiso esinzulu ngokwenene isiFrentshi okanye amaJamani. Ngokutsho O. Pinto, uLieutenant Colonel le yezobuntlola Dutch kunye yaseBritani, Mata Hari, Kakade ke, waphumelela udumo. Yena waye isimntwiso ye arhente elihle ababhinqileyo. Kunye nale, Margareta waba indalo ethe kunye ezasuka. Pinto ukholelwa ukuba ukubulawa lube khona, ihlabathi liya kukhawuleza akulibale ukuba obefudula Mata Hari. Biography (movie malunga ndiyintlola yenziwa okokuqala ngo-1931), Kakade ke, wawuzaliswe inani elikhulu lweziganeko. Hayi indawo yokugqibela kubanjwe iintlanganiso kunye nabameli elite French yezopolitiko neyezomkhosi. Chernyak mbali ukholelwa ukuba umngcipheko ukuxela lobudlelwane zingabuchaphazela agwetywe.

Ngaba kukho nayiphi na inzuzo evela kwimisebenzi arhente H-21?

Ababhali-mbali abavumelani kulo mba. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba uMargaret akazange umdla impumelelo wokuhlola. Yena nje udale okwimo intelligence imisebenzi, esiyifumana amaJamani imali eninzi. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, wathi Margareta, ekhumbula ngezinxibo zakhe, ilaliswe kumda ngowe-1914, waza wagqiba ukuba eJamani kule imbuyekezo. Ezinye ababhali, phezu koko, beyisekile ukuba Mata Hari ngokuphindaphindiweyo wegqitha inkcazelo eyimfihlo amaJamani usebenza kuwo kude ekuqaleni kuka 1916 - ukuba ganga ngoku imiyalezo kunomathotholo. Yona i-French, wafunda ubugebengu bayo, kodwa sekunjalo akazange lingxame ukohlwaya Margareta. Counterintelligence wacela ukuba isebenze kubo. UMargaret wavuma, kodwa afuna franc million 1. Mata Hari wachaza oko umnqweno wakhe ukutshata umntu emthanda. Akamnyulanga xesha Vadim Maslov - umthetheli Russian. Yena akazange ukwakha izicwangciso amakhulu, nomfazi ngubani amaphupho ukuba amadoda amaninzi e-Paris. Emva kwethuba Maslow uthi Margaret wakhe abophe imvakalelo abatheni. Ezama ukufumana ngakumbi, Mata Hari waye hlola ngakwicala Germany kunye neFransi, kwangaxeshanye ukudlulisela ulwazi kubo malunga enye kwenye.

isiphelo

Imbali Margareta angena arhente kabini kunye H-21, yaye njengoko ngumdanisi Mata Hari. снимался не только в 1931 г.) покрыта до сих пор тайнами и легендами. Biography (movie ezifotwe hayi kuphela 1931) zogqunyiwe iimfihlelo kude kube ngoku, amavo. Lakwazi ukuba ukubetha inani enkulu abalandeli. Kulo mzekelo, kukho ubungqina bokuba lokuncinwa Mata Hari uphika na ububi, esithi njengabangabangakho ungumngcatshi. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukulalana wadlala indima kokubanjwa kwakhe nokubulawa elandelayo. izithandwa zakhe, abathengi, abanikeli yayingabantu eziphezulu kakhulu. Noko ke, abazange bakwazi, kwaye mhlawumbi akayi bazame ukumnceda. Oku kuyaqondakala. Akukho mntu wayefuna sikhundla lwabo kuluntu ukulungiselela abadanisi. Kwaye ngoko, kwakukho nabanye ababenabo igama kangako sonakaliswa. Okwangoku, kukho inani ababhali ukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso ngegorha wamvumela ukuba udumo ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na ukususela iintlola yexesha. Ngokuthandwa, nokuba igqithile ezinye arhente ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Mata Hari waphila ubomi elifutshane kodwa esisityebi kunene. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba uqeqesho lafumana ukuba ngumdanisi, impumelelo Yayingakholeleki. Ubukhulu becala oku kukuthi, Kakade ke, negalelo isifundo olumandla inkcubeko yalo Eastern ebudeni bokuhlala kwabo njengabaphambukeli Indonesia. Hayi indima lokugqibela ngokuqinisekileyo wadlala nengqikelelo yakhe, uthando Romanticism. Ababhali abaninzi bagqiba kwelokuba, musa ulangazelele ngemeko Mata Hari, mhlawumbi uza kuphila ixesha elide. Mhlawumbi uza kuba nako ukutshata aze abe ngunina kwakhona. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, isiphelo wayala ngenye indlela. Kunjalo, wakwazi ukuba bamxhase iintliziyo zabaninzi kwaye ushiye uphawu yayo kwimbali.