Montessori - inkqubo Montessori ngu ...: inkcazelo, izixhobo, izimvo abazali nootitshala

Namhlanje, uphuhliso lwabazali zabantwana ukuhlawula ixesha okuninzi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa ezinceda abantwana esemncinane akukho nje ezikhulayo, kodwa ukufunda. Montessori ndlela - kungenxa yokufundisa, ingakumbi yintoni nokuba ukusebenzisa njani na - oku kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi.

lwesigama

Ekuqaleni ufuna ukuqonda isigama, eza ngokubonakalayo esetyenzisiwe kwinqaku zingeniswe. Ngoko Montessori - ayikho nje igama uphuhliso yokuqala indlela. Eli ligama womfazi umseki wayo. Oko Italian Maria Montessori iye wawabala onke imigaqo iimfundiso zakhe zokufundisa, exelela kunceda ngayo Kiddies ngcono lula ngakumbi bafunde ngehlabathi. Emva ngo 1907 wavula isikolo yakhe yokuqala, apho wanceda ukuphuhlisa ngokomgangatho ngengqondo abantwana eshotayo, maxa wambi bade obugqwesileyo kontanga yayo yophuhliso. Ngelo xesha Maria Montessori lalihlala ukuzibuza: ukuba yintoni ezakwenziwe malunga nabantwana yesiqhelo, ngoko ke akukho into yokuba equlunqiweyo, nkqu iqondo elithile neloqheliselo? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela iye isetyenziswe kumaziko ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa abantwana ngempumelelo kumazwe 80.

Okubalulekileyo kule ndlela Montessori

siqonde ukuba yintoni na ezahlukeneyo ukuze Ukuze ngcono, le mfundiso zokufundisa, kufuneka baqonde sama indlela Montessori. Yinto ibinzana pretty elula: "Ndincede, ukuze ndenze wena!". Kweli nqanaba kucaca kakhulu ngayiphi indlela aya ukuphuhlisa le mfundiso. Yiloo nto ke ngumsebenzi ophambili utitshala kulo mzekelo - kukunceda umntwana, kwaye ukusebenzele kuye efanayo. Apha kufuneka ngokucokisekileyo siqonde mna ukuba kule ndlela kukho ikhonkco inextricable "iintsika" ezintathu eziphambili: umntwana, utitshala kunye nokusingqongileyo okhoyo. Umgaqo kukuba umntwana embindini. Nazo zonke iinkanuko zawo, iimvakalelo kunye namaphupha. Nursemaid nto umfundisi hlobo. Wayengenguye yindoda emcebisayo, kodwa nje inceda umntwana afunde ukuba ihlabathi apho iqhele okwangoku. Injongo yale abadala - ukubonisa indlela (umntwana abe izimvo zabo), kodwa kukunceda xa umntwana wakho edinga uncedo. Oku nakanjani non-ezigwebayo wayebhekisela nexesha elithile. Okubalulekileyo kule nkqubo - akuyiphazamisi amandla okwakhayo, leyo imvuthuluka yokuqala. Ukuba ngaba lokuqhuba umkhosi omkhulu kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe. Njengoko imveliso encinane, siphawula ukuba njongo iphambili lokufundisa imfundiso - ungenako ukwenza umntwana nengqondi omncinane. Imvuthuluka kufuneka ukufundisa loo mntu, ngoko ke umdla ukufunda into entsha, ukuvavanya ihlabathi esiphila ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ngomhla imiyalelo kuphuhliso wosana

Ukuqonda ukuba Montessori - inkqubo eyodwa yophuhliso yokuqala iimvuthuluka, kubalulekile ukuba abonise ukuba luluphi ulwalathiso kuya kusebenza le lwazi:

• uphuhliso Ukudideka. Oko kukuthi, itakane ufunda ihlabathi besebenzisa imizwa yabo; ukuva, ukubona, ivumba, isakhi oyivileyo. Ngokuxhomekeka oku, yena yakha ingqiqo ifomu, umbala kunye pr.osobennostyah eyingqongileyo izinto.
• Ingqwalasela enkulu apha ihlawulwe kuphuhliso intetho, sebenzisa amaziko yokuthetha ebuchotsheni. Ukuze wenze oku, ugxininiso olulodwa kukuphucula izakhono motor entle.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu kwi Montessori kulwazi lwezakhono zeprakhtikhali.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso imfundiso nezakhono zemathematika.
• Kakade ke, umntwana ukhula kwi nolwazi olusisiseko - ngehlabathi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Baby ukunika thsuphe ukuba yintoni na ukuphakama, ubude, ubunzima, njalo njalo.

Malunga Amathuba ophuhliso

Le nkqubo Montessori yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba ukuba ixesha yobudala nganye izindululo ezithile. Ngamafutshane, oku kwahlulwa ngezigaba ezithathu eziphambili kuphuhliso komntwana okwethutyana:

1. Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka-6 ubudala - Lisisigaba sokuqala. Kulapha ukuba ukuyilwa ubuntu komntwana, kweli phakade, ebonakalisa ubuchule zalo ezisisiseko. Eli xesha ekhethekileyo yokuba ngeli xesha umntwana ibizela yonke into efana isiponji. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuba anike izinto ekunene ukugaya usana lwakhe.
2. Isigaba sesibini - kwiminyaka emi-6 ukuya ku-12. Eli xesha uphuhliso main nemizwa. Kid uba ethe kakhulu kwaye abantu abanomdla. Isigaba linophawu yoxinaniso eliphezulu ingqalelo. Lo mntwana uye ixesha elide ingqalelo koko oko umdla ngenene, hayi kutshizwa kwezinye izenzo.
3. Adolescence, okanye ixesha ukususela kwiminyaka eli-12 ukuya kwi-18. Ngeli lixa kuqala ukuba bafumane amava akhe. Eli lixesha amalinge kwaye, kakade, iziphazamisi.

Yintoni na ixesha olubuthathaka

Kodwa ukongeza izigaba ezithathu enkulu, inkqubo Montessori iye imbono ke amathuba ezibuthathaka. Eli xesha, imbono yabantwana ezizodwa ngayo umsebenzi othile. La maxesha ixesha kule ndlela zibalulekile kakhulu kuba zinceda lula ngakumbi ngokuchanileyo ukufumana ulwazi oluthile.

• izakhono zolwimi Ukufundisa. Eli lixesha wokuzalwa kwiimvuthuluka. Isigaba esebenzayo - ukuya kwiminyaka emi-6 ubudala. Xa sithetha nje ngokubanzi, it ihlala ubomi.
• phuhliso oluvo iqala ekuzalweni luze luphele ngo-6 ubudala. Kodwa sigaba yayo esebenzayo.
• Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emithathu itakane wabeka umbono oda. Hayi kuphela ukucoceka endlwini, nkqu nangaphezulu - imithetho ezithile zobomi. Umzekelo, kusasa ukuba phezulu kwaye uhlambe.
• Kunye neminyaka Unyaka om-1 ukuya ku-4 ngenxa imvuthuluka asakhasayo umsebenzi motor. Kubalulekile kwakhona ixesha nokufunyanwa self-amava.
• Kwaye iminyaka 2.5 ukuya 6 kukho iintlobo ezininzi izakhono zentlalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kweli xesha usana wabeka nemigangatho yokuziphatha ekrwada ngentlonelo, aza kusebenzisa ebomini bakhe.

Enyanisweni, indlela Montessori inamathuba data kakhulu ngakumbi. Alungile ngakumbi kwaye ethile. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ixesha lokufunda elifanelekileyo ukubhala - ukususela kwiminyaka 3.5 ukuya 4.5, kwaye nokufunda - ukususela 4.5 ukuya 5.5.

Imigaqo ye indlela Montessori

Isibakala sokuba Montessori - njengobuchule wophuhliso yokuqala, iye kwacaca. Ukuba ufuna ukuthetha ngaloo nto, yintoni kanye le mfundiso nemigaqo yokufundisa esekelwe. Ndimele ndithi ukuba zonke inqununu sele uthe buciko isaci. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imigaqo iimfundiso ezi zilandelayo:

• -Imfundo Self, nokuzeyisa uphuhliso kunye nokufunda - yiloo nto iphambili kule nkqubo.
• Umboneleli kufuneka ahlonele ubuntu somntwana, iimpawu zayo kunye nobuchule ezizodwa. Akukho ndlela abakwazi sitshintshe okanye ngaphezulu - ukutshabalalisa.
• Umntwana uzenza. Kwaye kuphela imisebenzi yayo njengoko ubuntu kwakheka.
• Ixesha ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kwiimvuthuluka - ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka emithandathu ubudala.
• Abantwana unendlela eyodwa inkanuko ngengqondo ukufunxa yonke indalo yonke.

Maria Montessori uthi kufuneka ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso wosana. Kodwa nantsi ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuphoswa mzuzu xa ufuna ukunceda kwiimvuthuluka ukwenza ulwazi ethile. A ulwazi oluninzi ayikho. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba usana lwakhe athathe kanye oko kwakufuneka ngalo mzuzu.

Izinto zokwakha ukuba ukukhula komntwana

Yiyiphi enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukuxelela Montessori indlela yokufunda? Izinto eziya ezifunekayo kuphuhliso wosana. Okufanayo kuya kufuneka zigcinelwe abazali abafuna ukuba umntwana ngokwendlela ulwazi zokufundisa? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zokudlala random kweli cala na. Zonke zokufunda nokufundisa ezijngwa kakuhle ngaphandle, sizilungisile ezenziwe ngomthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu okanye ilaphu. Amnandi xa uyibamba kwaye mhle elusaneni. Ngoko ke, lo yokudlala kakhulu, kakhulu kunene. Umzekelo:

• Isakhelo-lacing. Zinokuba nomahluko kakhulu. Yenzelwe ukuba aqeqeshe usana ukusebenzisa izinto zekhaya, ezifana nempahla yokunxiba. Izakhelo eyayifakwe phezu iphumele, rivet kunye namaqhosha.
• Izinyuko, amanyathelo kunye ezinde. Bafundisa itakane ukuqonda oko mkhulu yaye ezincinane, ziyatyeba kunye thinner.
• Coli. Fundisa isigama ezifana elide elifutshane, elidana kunye imfutshane.
• tablets Coloured. Yenzelwe ukuba aqeqeshe imibala umntwana. Kukho leeseti ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela nabantwana, nabantwana abadala.
• Beka iimilo zejiyometri. Bafundiswa zokukwazi geometry.
• Iziqulathi, leyo ethandwa kakhulu ezininzi nabantwana abancinane. Bona kuphekw ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko enye, iziqulathi zinokufakwa yi umbala kunye nobukhulu, kungenjalo - Cola ababu- ubukhulu.
• Indlela Montessori isekhona sisityebi? Izinto ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso zabantwana - ngayo imiqondiso oonobumba rough. Ngoko ke, lo mntwana uthatha inyathelo ekufundeni ukufunda nokubhala kuqala.

Kukho naye somthi yeentsasa, amaso, iiphazili. Kwaye kukho ulwazi oluninzi umdla yaye iluncedo ukuba uza kuba nomdla kwaye bazibandakanye kanye imvuthuluka.

njani i Garden Montessori

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba kukho imfundiso leyo omabini amaziko emfundo yokusebenza ngokwale ndlela. khangela njani Montessori (SAD)? Kwindawo yokuqala, eli ziko liya ngqo imigaqo ye-International Association of Montessori:

• Igumbi inkqubo. Purity yonke. Akukho zinto saa.
• Yonke ifanitshala ngokufanelekileyo ekukhuleni abantwana, abafundi kwiqela. Zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwindawo yabo kude.
• Kwezi imiyezo, abantwana babo bonke ubudala. amaqela axubeneyo.
• Ingongoma ebalulekileyo: zonke izixhobo zokufundisa olunikiweyo ngobuwena mnye. Idla badlwengulwe. Kodwa ndlela iquka indlela yokufundisa abantwana.
• Kwelo gumbi apho kukho abantwana, cwaka, ezolileyo, akukho mntu ikhalazela isijwili.
• abantwana abadala namaqabane abo amancinane.
• A kwisifundo ukuba umntwana siyakrazula kwithala, emva komdlalo ngoko nangoko emva endaweni.
• Yiyiphi enye into unique Montessori (SAD)? Kootitshala bokuhlohla (kule ndlela lakhe kuthiwa "Mentor") alithi abantwana into amakayenze. Ebukela abantwana kude. Okanye ubambe iintetho qela. Umzekelo, indlela yokwenza esitulweni okanye iziphu ibhatyi.

Ukuba kwiiklasi zibanjwa kwishedyuli, abantwana bexelelwa into abafanele ukuyenza, abantwana banomsindo okanye benesithukuthezi - akukho nto egadini okanye iqela bayaqeqeshwa indlela Montessori.

Yiyiphi imigaqo umsebenzi izikolo Montessori?

Ngokuqonda ukuba zilungelelaniswe njani Garden Montessori, afuna ukuthetha kancinci malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo kwisikolo esinye. Njani bahluke kwezinye izikolo? Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba isikolo Montessori ukhetheke ukuba akukho iidesika, akukho thayimthebhile. Endaweni yoko, kukho iitafile nezitulo, bebasa ngenxa imithambo phantsi. Konke oku lula ithwalwa kwaye ithuthwa ukuba balungiselele isithuba abantwana. Kwezi klasi utitshala - ayonto ibalulekileyo. Yena kunceda kuphela Kiddies. Umsebenzi katitshala kulo mzekelo - ukunceda ukucwangcisa imisebenzi umfundi, leyo wazikhethela lona. Montessori School ibandakanya ulwabiwo imimandla ezininzi in kwiklasi enye:

• Touch, apho umsebenzi ibandakanyiwe ukuva, ukubona, ivumba kunye feature oyivileyo.
• indawo ubomi Practical, apho umntwana esiva ukuba iluncedo ebomini.
• zone Mathematics.
• Area ngolwimi lweenkobe.
• indawo Space. It is a ixesha ngunozala iimfundiso Maria Montessori. Oku kuthetha indawo nezenzululwazi yendalo.

Ngoko ke, umfundi ukhetha ngokwakhe kwindawo yoqeqesho kunye nezinto ezithile apho ufuna ukusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba Montessori (pedagogy) lucebisa imithambo, ihleli ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15. Kunye Iiklasi abantwana abakubudala obahlukeneyo. Kodwa yeqoqo malunga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Kids ukusuka kwiminyaka 0 ukuya ku-3, ukusuka-3 ukuya kwisi-6 njl

Sisebenzisa indlela Montessori House

Montessori ndlela - njengobuchule lophuhliso yokuqala. Ingasetyenziswa kwikhaya ngempumelelo. Kwaye akukho mfuneko ukuba benze nantoni na ekhethekileyo okanye ezingaqhelekanga. ukuthenga Kuphela zokudlala kumnceda umntwana wakho akhule kakuhle kwaye bafunde ngehlabathi. Ntoni kulo mzekelo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ngokusebenzisa indlela Montessori:

• Child - uchazo eyahlukileyo ukususela ebutsheni. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba sithenge umntwana endombathisayo ukuba akwazi mabanxibe ngokwabo kwaye kungekho naziphi na iingxaki.
• ifanitshala Baby ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwayo: ezincinane izitulo, iitafile, nekhabhathi yokufaka zokudlala neempahla. Yena ngokwakhe Kufuneka ubeke endaweni yayo.
• Montessori (embindini) lisoloko ecocekileyo, eqaqambileyo kakuhle. Efanayo yaye kufuneka ibe usana igumbi.
• Yokusingqongileyo apho umntwana, kufuneka ibe ekhuselekileyo. Naziphi na izinto ezinokuba ukwaphula okanye ngenye indlela ukoyikisa umntwana omncinci. Bonke kufuneka kubangela ukuba ufuna akazukuyibamba.
• Zonke izinto ezisetyenziswa yi usana ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela kufuneka abe kwindawo ukufikelela yayo.
• Umntwana kufuneka abe izixhobo zabo. konwele wakho, idasta. Naziphi imvuthuluka uncedo kufuneka kukhuthazwe.

pedagogy Montessori busenza ukuba yokudlala ethile. Kwakhona ukuthenga ixabisa. Yintoni kanye - ochazwe ngaphezulu kancinci.

Ethile yale ndlela

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nayiphi na enye indlela imfundo ixhaswa nabagxeki. Eli tyala - akukho ngaphandle. isangqa Eminye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iiklasi Montessori akazange ukukhulisa ubuchule. Kwaye bonke ngenxa yokuba akukho imidlalo indima-udlala, akukho indawo ngqondweni kunye flight improvisation. A wokudla inyaniso apha, mhlawumbi kunjalo. Noko ke, simele kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo into yokuba le ndlela iminyaka engaphezu kwama-100.

Ukungangqinelani yesibini, apho ukugxila ingqalelo nabagxeki. Montessori (embindini) lisoloko zizakubalulwa ingqeqesho engqongqo. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha umcebisi efanayo akufuneki angqamane kwinkqubo yokufunda. Noko ke, apha kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nefuthe nomntwana ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Konke kuxhomekeke umntu othile abangatshatanga kunye nobuchule bootitshala.