Monument wokuwonga elaa isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi (Kostroma): inkcazelo, idilesi

Monument wokuwonga elaa isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi - ukwakha kunye ikamva emangalisayo. Ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukwenza litye abeya kuzukisa ubukhosi olawulayo, zibonisa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezenzeka kwimbali yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kodwa ke izicwangciso revolution wangenelela, ngenxa apho lesikhumbuzo iye ibe oko injongo. Yintoni eyaziwayo isakhiwo?

indaba

Monument wokuwonga elaa isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi - umbono eyaqala ngo-1903. Ikunika izikhamiso Kostroma Duma, owayefuna ukuba athembeke yaka elilawulayo. Le lesikhumbuzo bekufanele ukugquma zonke iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali ezenzeka kwiminyaka 300 Romanov ubukhosi.

A lot of ixesha uye ezikhethiweyo indawo litye lesikhumbuzo, ukuwushukuxa lo mba yaye nokuba waseka ikomiti ekhethekileyo amagcisa, eziquka enjalo kakuhle yaziwa ngexesha lo mntu njengoko Benoit Opekushin, Beklemishev. Emva kwengxoxo ende, kwagqitywa ekubeni uhlale kwisiza, ibekwe kwi iVolga River, apho kwake zikhoyo yesicelo. Abathathi-nxaxheba zale khomishini indawo umdla ngenxa yokuba yonke iVolga waba kwimboniselo ngokupheleleyo.

Monument wokuwonga elaa isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi kwacetywa sisakhiwo zodidi. Akumangalisi ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ukuze kunyuswe ingxowa-mali ekwakhiweni kwayo.

Le lesikhumbuzo project: Competition

Kakade ke, isithuba khangela yokufaka lesikhumbuzo - ayikho kuphela ingxaki kwafuneka isigqibo uthumo. Ukuqalisa ukwakha iimfuno ukuba uyilo lokuqala lesikhumbuzo, ukuze ufumanise ukuba ukhuphiswano kwahlelwa. Ekuqaleni, iKomishoni arhola ziqwalaselwe nomkroli yeprojekthi Adamson. Kodwa ingcamango Adamson wayethetha iindleko ezibalulekileyo kakhulu.

Emva lula projekthi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni yehla kakhulu ngokwexabiso layo, kwaye kwavunywa, kwaba kuphela ngowe-1912. sele Indima womzobi uyiphathisiweyo Sergei Vlaseva eyaziwa ngokuba uMdali nsika, obelisk, ibekwe i-Alexander Garden. Umsebenzi yaqala eyimveliso koseko, kwakunye nokudalwa yamanani ngamnye.

Yena inxaxheba ekwakheni lesikhumbuzo nomkroli Adamson, lowo unikwe ukuba ukuthatha imisebenzi zobugcisa oqingqiweyo. Lijongene ukwakhiwa injineli Bolshakov, bephosa amanani nangobhedu wathabatha inkampani "K. V. Verfel."

uphawu

Kakade ke, kukho isi- isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi ayikwazanga ulunge ngexesha mbhiyozo isikhumbuzo, umsebenzi wajamelana onzima yaye okude kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, kuba umsitho, Kwabanjwa inkomfa ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1913, kwaba tab abazinikeleyo.

Kunika umdla kukuba xa tab nguMlawuli langoku Nicholas II, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana bamenyiwe. Lo msitho yabanjelwa-bume festive, ekundleni ezukileyo yayiququzelelwe amabutho asekuhlaleni. Phela, ziphawuleka engama 760th ka Kostroma, ngoko ke holide lwaba kabini ngoMeyi 1913.

Ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo

Abenzi bemeko- izicwangciso leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi wangenelela, ngokuphawulekayo isantya inkqubo lolwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo. Ngu ekuqaleni kuka 1916 oko kwagqitywa umsebenzi ngokukhwela kwinqwanqwa. Kwakhona kuloo mzi bezisa amanani zobhedu 20 (le projekthi ibandakanya ufakelo-28).

Ukususela bemeko- izibonelelo esele ifakiwe yazisa iziqwenga ezimbini. Le imifanekiso afunyaniswa ngokulinda amaphiko kwiibhokisi leyo iziswe kweso sixeko.

emva kwempi

Kostroma, njengazo zonke ezinye iidolophu Russia ingene kwasemlilweni revolution. Emva kokugqitywa kwalo nokudalwa lesikhumbuzo, Kakade ke, ndayeka, lo nomkroli Adamson wemka ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngaphezu konyaka ukwakhiwa ayekwimeko esilibhodlo, engqongwe banikwe.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-1918, eli litye lesikhumbuzo iye utsale ingqalelo ekomiti yesigqeba. Kuye kwagqitywa ukuya kwizibonelelo ukuguquka, engazange yagqitywa. ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukuba ube lesikhumbuzo yeNkululeko, yokuvulwa eza kuphelelwe kokuba ufike-Oktobha Revolution.

Nangona kunjalo, lo lesikhumbuzo wema kwimeko ishiywe iminyaka embalwa ukuze enze imisebenzi zokucwangciswa kakhulu elifutshane mali. Imifanekiso bazisa kuwo umzi, inkoliso yabo wahlala kwiibhokisi efakwe ecaleni kwinqwanqwa. Inxenye ke kubo abantu abangeniswe endlwini epakini, xa ziphethwe irhuluneli.

Vladimir Lenin Monument

zange kwakhiwa Monument imbeko isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi in Kostroma. Ngomhla lesikhumbuzo wakhumbula kwakhona kuphela ngo-1924, kwathi emva ndlelantle kwinkokeli ungasekhoyo. Kwagqitywa ukuseka ukwakhiwa ogqityiweyo koseko, phambili memory of Vladimir Lenin.

Imikrolo, lonke elo xesha kwi bhokisi, kwagqitywa ekubeni ziphinde-anyibilike. Ukuze benze oku, baza abantu abangeniswe-mveliso, "besiNyithi" yasebenza kule dolophu. Lo mfanekiso eziphathekayo enomfanekiso inkokheli, wamiswa phezu kwamanqwanqwa ngoMeyi 1928. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba phezu uLenin nani nomkroli wasebenza ezifana Schwartz, Lebedev, ivanov.

Ukutshatyalaliswa yokugqibela mfanekiso kwenzeka ngo-1981, nto leyo ephumela ekubeni oko indawo lesikhumbuzo oluthembekileyo ngakumbi ezenziwe ngobhedu. Xa ngokudala oyintsobi yalowo Lenin isebenzisa umfanekiso yemveli inkokeli. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa Vladimira Ilicha nokuphimisela intetho buvuvu, unceda yena kunye nentshukumo ezingenamandla.

Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo

Ukuba oko kwenzeka ngokubhukuqwa Romanov ubukhosi, Kostroma ndasisa isakhiwo wamazwi ngokwenene. Le projekthi ukuba yingcwele koseko, kwinqwanqwa emise, ukuphakama kwayo kwaba kuba ziimitha 36. Kwacetywa njengoko tiered ukugqitywa hipped, isithsaba apho bekumele ukuba ukhozi omangalisayo kabini-intloko.

Ukongeza, indalo acwangcisiweyo ka kwemiqhele, amanyathelo, nokuba imilo thunzi. Bekufanele ukuba kube indawo ngoba amanani ngobude. Amanani achazwe nje kuphela amalungu lobukhosi olawulayo, kodwa ubuntu obalaseleyo, ngubani kwaqwalaselwa ngezenzo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngexesha lolawulo lwabo.

Uluhlu lwamanani

Uluhlu yamanani ngenxa lesikhumbuzo yayiquka kweeyunithi 28. Kubo ngqo kwi abasunguli kwamanqwanqwa ekujongwe ukulungiselela 18. Kakade ke, kwakukho eni amanani wabaseki yeNdlu Romanov. Lo kumkani yokuqala uMikhail Fedorovich, abazali bakhe, uMarta Filaret. Ngelo unyawo yabekwa elitshabalalayo Ivan Susanin, wamkela intsikelelo evela amanani yimizekeliso emele uBukhosi Russian.

UPetros baboniswa ngokuchasene nentsukaphi inqanawa leyo wayefanele ukubhekisela igalelo wokumkani kuphuhliso Russian lwaphela. Xa izandla Alexander II yayimi Umbhalo yakhe edumileyo, ukubonelela inkululeko abalimi. Tsar Nicholas II kunye nonyana wakhe uThemba waboniswa wazolula phezu kwimephu karhulumente. Kwakhona nani ikhoyo Minin kunye Pozharsky, aba bantu idumileyo bafakwa kwi emacaleni.

Zintandathu Imifanekiso kahle, nto leyo ebonisa uqikelelo dumeke yenziwa yi indlu Romanov kwangaphambili ukunyuka wakhe nguMfundisi Gennady, eyayicwangciselwe ukuba udale ku kumazantsi sakhiwo. naye apho ukuba ngokutsho idrafti indawo mihle, echaza ubizo uMikhail Romanov, iimfazwe eyindumasi (Borodino kunye Idabi Poltava, Sevastopol Defense).

Eminye imithombo bathi waba amanani ukuba 26. Noko ke, njengoko kuboniswe idrafti yokuqala, leyo yaguquka kamva.

indawo

Ngoko ke, apho bekumele ukuba ilitye lesikhumbuzo imbeko isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi? Idilesi: Kostroma, Central Park.