Mushroom "iminwe umtyholi": inkcazelo, apho kukhuliswe umdla facts

Kuyenzeka ukuba uhlobo yeevenkile zabo ngesiquphe kuvulwa, kwaye ukukhanya kwelanga kukho, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, nokuba izityalo siba, apho bambalwa abantu bazi. Kuba inxenye yabo Akuyomfuneko sikhwele ezintabeni aphezulu okanye kuhla aye enzulwini yolwandle. Kwanaphezu amakhowa yabo twisisaka engaqhelekanga. Abantu abaninzi kule ukukhankanywa zazo boron, nto leyo flaunts Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu angqingqwa okanye boletus agaric phakathi kwamahlamvu. Kodwa ke ubukumkani mushroom enkulu nezohlukeneyo: ukusuka ezincinane ukuya kwiimeko ezinkulu.

Ke phakathi kwabo nazo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. amahlathi Russian kule ndlela kakhulu engeyongozi. Sinako ukuhlangabezana amakhowa eziqhelekileyo, ezityiwayo ezivela ezilwanyaneni. Kodwa ukuba kwenzeka ukuba ehlathini lemvula, zinokufunyanwa ekwabizwa ngokuba enjalo mushroom, kodwa mnye kuphela umnqweno - ukubaleka.

Yintoni? Phantse nobude "Aliens"

Kwaye musani ukukholwa amehlo am, kuba yonke into eyenzekayo kubonakala ukuba kuqengqeleka aphume yesayensi. Apha ulele nje phezu komhlaba tuber, intwana efana neetapile, kwaye umzuzu kamva engceni eDibanisa okuninzi Mpondwana ebomvu inyama awakhululwa kulo. Kwaye lonke ixesha kubonakala ukuba ezi imilenze uthandekayo ubanjwa ngoku. Le mbono, ngeliphandle, zezinambuzane.

Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba ukukhathazeka. Ngenxa yokuba sisidalwa kwabangcangcazelisayo eneneni ngundo ezisentlabathini. Ngaloo ndlela azalwe tsvetohvostnik Archer (Clathrus archeri) ye sodidi Reshetochnik phallaceae usapho - ". Iminwe bakaMtyholi" mushroom Ngubani ababecinga ukuba ukubonakala kwayo ngoko phezulu kwegama layo.

Ukanti ke ngundo!

Xa clathrus archeri lukhulu lamagama, kodwa eyona ethandwa phakathi kwabo "iminwe kaSathana." Zizo ezi Mpondwana of shades ebomvu, nto leyo, ngathi ngumtya kunye octopus nemisipha, kukho amacandelo ezimnyama (kungoko elinye igama - "mushroom kwengwane"). Ezi zithutha abamnyama - Gleba idangatya nevumba ebolileyo inyama ebolileyo.

mushroom Aged "iminwe lukaMtyholi" mbi nakakhulu. umbala kwaso shwaka, kwaye uhlala ngesandla embi lipholi, xa ephumile engcwabeni. Incasa ukuba istochat, lifana nevumba ezibolayo inyama. Bona etsala izinambuzane, esasaza imingxunya imigama emide.

Kuphi lo mkhuhlane embi?

Njani yaye apho kwakuhlala eyoyikekayo mushroom "iminwe uMtyholi '? Apho ikhula? Kuye kuchazwe yokuqala Tasmania yaye kungekudala kakhulu wabonisa phezulu e-Australia, uze emva koko kulandele New Zealand, eAfrika, Central kunye mpuma Asia, Umzantsi Melika, Saint Helena kunye Mauritius.

Europe ibona amazwe. Akukho bani ulaziyo ngexesha ngqo ukungena apha. Kuthathwa ngokuba esi siphendu eFrance yengozi ethile phakathi ko 1914 no 1920 e-Australia, yaye mhlawumbi New Zealand, kunye uboya, zinikwa iimfuno noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo le. Okanye mhlawumbi Imbewu zawo apha amajoni Australian, amalungu iintshukumo emkhosini kummandla isisiFrentshi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Nokuba esi siphendu sibe yi ithuba, acclimated kakuhle. Oko kumangalisa kangaka khangela Amakhowa Australian 'iminwe umtyholi. "

Yaye nantsi ke ngenxa

Ekubeni nawo ezifunyanisiweyo 30 eyoyikekayo ezifumaneka eYurophu. ukuba bagxila becala ezintabeni Vosges empuma eFransi, phantse kufutshane imida Swiss kwaye German, wawela ke alaqhenqetha ngakumbi eJamani (ngowe-1937), Switzerland (1942), eNgilani (ngo-1945), Austria (ngo-1948), i-Czech Republic (ngo-1963). Emva kweminyaka engama-60, ngundo sele kakuhle unxweme iBaltic. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. "Iminwe kamtyholi," abangcangcazelisi kakhulu kwi mushroom ehlabathini, kumkhawulela ngakumbi nangakumbi eSpeyini kwi entshonalanga ePoland kunye Ukraine kwi ngasempumalanga, ukususela kwi UK kunye yaseScandinavia esemantla ukuya ezantsi kwamazwe Balkan.

Ukufunyanwa yokuqala lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, ziphawulwe e Kazakhstan (kummandla Aktobe) ngo-1953, le elandelayo - kwi Ukrainian Carpathians ngo-1977. Le irhamncwa kuqubisana yimvula, kunqabile nangona kakhulu, eRashiya. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iziswa apha lomhlaba kunye izithole, kodwa kwezinye kwimimandla ekumzantsi kunye ezingoovimba lwendele ngempumelelo. Ngoko ke, kukho iimeko ezimbalwa xa clathrus archeri ubanjwe iliso mushroom, waniphawula Sverdlovsk (1978) kunye nemimandla ukulungela (2000).

Mushroom "iminwe umtyholi" owoyamaniswe ukuba ophilileyo nimfune phakathi amahlathi ephikisanayo kunye zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, nto leyo uthathe ngempumelelo iingcambu nehumasi umhlaba kubola kwesanti entlango kunye nezo zibuntlangorha. Eqalisa ukuba utyatyambe ukususela Agasti de kuye ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha. Ihlangabezana mushroom kakhulu inqabile, kodwa unako ukukhula kwinani elikhulu, ukuba iimeko zemozulu ukuvumela.

Mushroom "iminwe umtyholi": Inkcazo

archeri mushroom clathrus unako sibizwe lwenkohliso. Kwaye ngenxa kuqala uthalalisa ukuba okona ezimhlophe, eyona eziqhelekileyo ingathi yimimangaliso. Oku kusebenza kwi nqanaba xa ngohlobo amaqanda ngeesentimitha-4 ukuya ku-6 ububanzi. Xa amakhowa athe saa ehlathini, uyakwazi ucinga ngabo bonke, nokuba ngokuphosakeleyo sisidalwa njengomphambukeli.

Yaye eneneni, iqanda unalo isakhiwo multilayer:

• peridium - topsheet;
• isifo, ukuze ubume kufana ijeli;
• Ilapho esakhiwa retseptakula (iza kuba yintoni na ezinamagqabi of umbala obomvu) kunye nakumbindi of Glebe (ibihlungu-ethwala umaleko).

Kodwa ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye baqalise ukukhulela. Le mbono ayikho ngaphantsi eyoyikekayo xa uphuma iqanda iqokobhe eyaphukileyo ngokoqobo qhuma ukuya ezinamagqabi ezisibhozo. Ekuqaleni, bona tho phezulu, kodwa kungekudala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ebezahlukene zifana iincakuba, okanye nemisipha, ngathi ngwane.

Ke kaloku, "ntaka" isikweko wayeza kuphumelela ngakumbi. Ngaba unokuyithelekelela octopus, behamba besuka kwelinye ilizwekazi ukuya komnye, njengoko clathrus archeri kule minyaka ilikhulu idlulileyo? Ekugqibeleni mkhuhlane fumene imilo uphawu inkwenkwezi okanye intyatyambo malunga iisentimitha-15 ububanzi. Ngaphakathi zalo zifana isiponji ukushwabana aneentunja, ngasendleleni, kakhulu nkum, namabala amnyama, ngathi lana ngwane. aba bahamba kunye uxakaxa Sporebearing Glebe, nto leyo kanye umthombo inuke nodandatheko. Kodwa ke itsala iimpukane ngempumelelo. Kwaye izinambuzane kwalutyhutyha yakhe iingxabano imilenze eli rhamncwa ujikeleze ebumelwaneni. Kakade ke, ukuze ibihlungu nangokuyisasaza ukhethe hayi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinye indlela nomngundo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo olusebenzayo.

mushroom umdla "iminwe umtyholi" ayinalo umlenze ezicacileyo. Baphuma iqanda Ehleli nje ezimbini okanye ezintathu iintsuku, uze emva koko iyabuna aze afe. Kodwa ke eli xesha elifutshane ezaneleyo ukwenzela ukwenza umsebenzi wayo - ukuthumela imbewu ukuze aqhubeke nogqatso.

Mushroom "iminwe umtyholi" - ayinakutyiwa okanye akunjalo?

Eneneni, kukho umbuzo umdla. Ngoko ngaba sinako ukutya indalo emangalisayo "iminwe kaMtyholi"? Ngundo kunokwenzeka! Nokuba wafumana enye indoda nesibindi California lowo wamthabatha kwisampula ngeqanda bakala. Ngcamla Kwathi kanti, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, andiyithandi kakhulu, kunye nemvakalelo emva nokungcamlwa akuyona indlela engcono, kodwa ekhumbulekayo.

Ukuba kwiimeko ukusinda, ezifana entlango, yaye akakho omnye ukutya, udle nayo. Musa kufa yindlala na! Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, cinga ngayo ngobubi bawo.

phantse izihlobo

Xa zonke ukohluka kunye otherness kwezinye abahlala ehlathini, kukho iintlobo kunokuba close and efanayo:

• Tsvetohvostik Isi-Javanese (Pseudocolus fusiformis syn. Anthurus javanicus). Izakufunyanwa emahlathini ka Primorsky Krai. Tyelela i Nikitsky igadi yezityalo (mhlawumbi kwenye indawo) kwaye uza kuyifumana nayiphi iemele apho omnye nezityalo eziluhlaza lako. Yohluka ukusuka abatoli ezinamagqabi, ziyahlangana enkcochoyini.
• Red Reshetochnik (Clathrus ruber). Le ngundo kunqabile kakhulu.
• Veselka vulgaris (Hallus Impudicus). Xa urhulumente iqanda ophawulwe sifana kakhulu. Yohluka ukusuka 'iminwe' nje iintyatyambo wonqanyulwa, e Veselka oko uluhlaza.

Ubomi "Finger lukaMtyholi" kwi World Wide Web

Mushroom clathrus archeri, okanye "iminwe umtyholi ngayo", into engaqhelekanga ukuze ubani uhlangabezana kuye, efuna kuthimba enhle. Kwaye ke Internet waphuphuma iintlobo iifoto ndiyingwenya na uhlobo, kodwa eneneni nje ngulo mngundo kuzo zonke izigaba zobomi wayo elifutshane, ukususela amaqanda saa kwehlathi eluhlaza, ukuba lisuke labuna: "izandla umntu ofileyo" phantse ezimhlophe gangalala emhlabeni, ngokungathi ukwaphula aphume engcwabeni nge umhlaba Ingxenye.

Ukubonakala kakhulu yokuqala imifanekiso yakhe kwi-Internet okubangelwa ngokuvunyiweyo kakhulu phakathi World kubasebenzisi Wide Web. Benze, iimbono ezahlukeneyo: ukuba sidalwa of imvelaphi komhlaba, njengoko kubonisiwe kule amaqanda photo apho umbungu sisidleleli, okanye ukuba montage photo ziqhelekileyo, hayi ngokwenene.

Ezahlukeneyo "ubuso" clathrus archeri

Thina khangela lo mmangaliso emhlabeni kukho iintlobo lwemibutho. Umntu ebona Cacti, umntu - cuttlefish, kuba abanye kufana inkwenkwezi okanye intyatyambo, yaye umntu eze nangoko kusikhumbuza Mpondwana ngwane.

amagama yoko ezininzi kwaye ezahlukeneyo apho wabizwa ngokuba:

• "Iminwe umtyholi"
• "Iminwe lukaMtyholi"
• "Ferris qanda"
• "Kwamakhowa-nkwenkwezi"
• "Uphondo ngwane ezingcolileyo"
• "Kwamakhowa-Imbaza"
• "Uphondo uyanuka.

Clathrus archeri (Clathrus archeri) - etymology

Clathrus lithetha "lock evulwa" okanye "iseli yokugcina". igama Archeri ovela igama Irish mycologist uWilliam Archer.

Amanqaku kwi uhambo nunu lonke elaseYurophu

• Ukraine. Clathrus archeri ezidweliswe kwi-Book oluBomvu neentlobo ezisengozini. Njengokuba sele isiko ukususela 1977, iingxelo kwintlanganiso kunye naye, wafumana namhlanje Transcarpathian, kunqabile ummandla Ivano-Frankivsk. Phantse zonke iziphumo ezibhalwe kule ndawo ehlathini, kumathambeka kwintaba ephakame 800 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.
• Germany. Mushroom clathrus archeri, okanye "iminwe umtyholi ngayo", wafumana apha ngokufuthi, ukususela ngowe-1937 ukuba uyaziwa kuqala. Ukanti ke idweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu.

• Czech Republic, Vary kwiNgingqi. Kufutshane kwemida yesixeko kwindawo encinane ekhuselweyo ngokufihla iintlobo ezinqabileyo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Nangona komndilili weqondo lobushushu yonyaka 6 ° kuphela C, ayiyi athintele ekweleenjiko clathrus inzala archeri ukuhlala kwezi ndawo. A iinkuni okunevumba yona nokondliwa kunye nokukhula kwanele.
• UK. Apha mushroom "iminwe umtyholi" (clathrus archeri) - bomntu esinqabileyo. Kwaye ke iintlobo kuphela apho kunokuthi badidekile - oko Clathrus ruber. Kodwa kukho intembelo yokuba imiphumo warming lwehlabathi ekufuneka ngakumbi ngokubanzi zahanjiswa. Qiniseka ukuba akazange elide kuhlala nakuthathatha. Usisiqinisekiso oku imbonakalo yakhe eyoyikekayo kunye nevumba elibi.

Phela, clathrus mushroom archeri, okanye "iminwe umtyholi ngayo", echazwe mycologist British Michael Dzhozef Berkli ngo-1860 waza wamnika igama Lysurus archeri. Kamva lo mushroom emangalisayo wabelwa sodidi Clathrus omnye waseBritani uMalcolm Donald Dring e ngodaba wakhe (1980). Le indalo bendalo baba archeri ezaziwayo clathrus, kodwa waziwa kakhulu kakuhle phakathi kwabantu kuthiwa "iminwe kaSathana."