Mushroom - yinto isilwanyana okanye isityalo?

Ezi zidalwa yendalo eziqhelekileyo kuthi ukususela ebuntwaneni. Wonke umntu uyazi malunga nendima nomngundo ekondlweni yabantu, ekuvelisweni iimveliso zokutya ethile (umzekelo, iyogurt, isonka, itshizi, iwayini), ekudalweni amachiza-antibiotics. Kodwa ke abantu abaninzi umbuzo "Kwamakhowa - ukuba isityalo okanye isilwanyana, isiqhamo okanye imifuno," mhlawumbi ukuphendula kodwa zibe ilungelo ilahleko. Kodwa ukuba kwenzululwazi Botany lo mbuzo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba kwakude kudala, yintoni ukuze athethe abemi abaqhelekileyo?

mycology

Ingcamango makhowa, njengoko ingxenye Wildlife ekwanti, kwasekwa kuphela 70s zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Amakhowa ichazwa njenge ubukumkani eziphilayo indalo wokuhlanganisa eziqulathe iimpawu zombini izityalo kunye nezilwanyana (enyanisweni, amakhowa - lo kwaye, kunye nenye). Uphando lwezenzululwazi ezi zidalwa bema ngaphandle kwinzululwazi mycology - icandelo Botany.

iyantlukwano

Ubukumkani amakhowa yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu - eziphilayo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ezi eziphilayo zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nengxam kwezinye iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo, amanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, iingcali mycology, ihlabathi kukho phakathi 100,000 no 1.5 million iintlobo ezi zidalwa. Iiklasi amakhowa (njengoko ka-2008), kwakukho 36, yaye intsapho - 560.

Awafanele endalweni

Indima yezi eziphilayo kwinkqubo eziphilayo yomhlaba. fungi abaninzi aguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe zingaphiliyo nelibandakanya ungaphinda elahla iiseli efile organic. Isityalo, nayo, ekufezekiseni ngokuncedisana feed fungi phezu iimveliso imisebenzi yazo ebalulekileyo. Dibana nomngundo kunye nezityalo ephakamileyo ulele, nezinambuzane, kunye nezilwanyana. Ngoko ruminants, amakhowa - yingxenye ebalulekile kunye neemfanelo ukwetyisa ukutya zezityalo.

Indima kubomi babantu

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ngundo - kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, njengomthombo ukutya abanye abantu. Eyaziwa inkcazelo ebhaliweyo malunga nokusetyenziswa nomngundo kwiminyaka engamawaka emihlanu eyadlulayo (kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, baya kudliwa kuphele, esidlweni cavemen). Ngenxa fungi ezisegumbini yayigcinwa ezahlukeneyo endalo - kwaye phezu kwamanzi; kumhlaba kwaye emoyeni - ngaphandle bona ayilawulwa kwaye ekulungiseleleni ukutya okuthile. Ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo itshizi, iyogurt, igwele lesonka, ibhiya, iwayini - ezi mveliso kwaba kuphela ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi ebalulekileyo kwezi eziphilayo. Kwihlabathi yanamhlanje mushroom - kuba kananjalo izinto ekrwada ekuveliseni iziyobisi ezithile (antibiotics), ababulala neebhaktiriya kunceda unyango lwezifo ngaphambili ebulalayo ezifana pneumonia.

Veliswa nangokuyisasaza

Xa fungi lusebenza kakhulu, wadalwa ngemvelo, indlela yokuzala. Imingxunya Sima enye okanye ezininzi iiseli ukuba ubukhulu ngemikroskopu (microns-1 ukuya kwi-100). Ezi seli ibe imali encinane kwezinto ukutya, yaye kunqabile ukuba asinde. Kodwa xa ukungena inkcubeko kunye nokusingqongileyo inkxaso, entshulayo, uzale mycelium entsha. I sinamazinga ukusinda uyabhatalwa ngemvelo isixa esikhulu se imbambano. Ngoko ke mushroom ubukhulu yingxubuwa eliphakathi yenza phezulu imbewu 30 billion kunye mushroom - up ku-40! Ingaba kukho imingxunya maqanda kunye ngokwesondo ukuzala, ezisebenzela ezahlukeneyo ncakasana ubomi ngundo. Lokuqala - ukuze kunikwe ubunzima ngexesha lokukhula. Okwesibini - ukwenza ezahlukeneyo inzala.

Kefir mkhuhlane

Enyanisweni, akukho namnye kuphela, kodwa iqela lonke eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, Kefir ngundo (eyaziwa ngokuba Tibetan okanye ubisi) imele Cya ngokuncedisana kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwasekwa ekuhambeni lophuhliso elide. Ezi zidalwa kangaka apha ebomini kunye ukuziphatha njengequmrhu elinye yaye ayahlukahlukenanga. A isiseko emhlophe okanye bulubhelu of kefir fungi sourness ngokungqalileyo ziquka igwele kunye streptococci (lactic acid inegciwane), nto leyo ukumisela ixabiso layo lesondlo kunye noncedo umzimba womntu. Ngokubanzi, sisincoko yale ngokuncedisana zingaphezu kwe-10, yaye iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezimila nande kunye, kuquka iintsholongwane acid acetic. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba isakhono ukuze baphile uluntu eziphilayo ekunokuthiwa iimveliso acid lactic kwaye kwiimveliso yokubola utywala ngaxeshanye. Xa kefir Tibetan wafumana kuquka lactic acid, kunye notywala, kunye carbon dioxide, kunye nee-enzayim, nto leyo ibe nentsusa ezizodwa Ubumandi (ukongeza ukusebenzisa kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo).

History of kefir Tibetan

It has kwekhulu ngaphezu kwesinye. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, Kefir ngundo kuye kwaziwa iminyaka eliwaka eliqela. Ithe, acidify ubisi ngeembiza ngokukhethekileyo ngodongwe, sabona ukuba sours ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke yafunyanwa kwaye cultured kefir mushroom. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lendela Tibetan wafumanisa ukuba loo mveliso afunyenwe co-yokubola nokusebenza iintlobo Cya, kuba nemiphumo emihle kakhulu amalungu omzimba womntu kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ukomeleza isakhiwo. Isibindi nesisu, injeke intliziyo waba mkhulu! Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, Tibetan nokunyanga izifo ezininzi iyogurt, esebenzisa ikakhulu umbala.