Umhlaza weNasopharyngeal: iimpawu, izizathu, ukuthintela, ukuxilongwa kunye nezokwelapha

Umhlaza weNasopharyngeal, iimpawu zazo zihluke kakhulu kwezinye iindidi zomhlaza, zivame ukuxilongwa kumadoda emva kweminyaka engama-45. Kodwa wonke umntu angena kwindawo yengozi. Iimpawu zomdlavuza we- larynx, i-oropharynx, i-nasopharynx, impumlo iyafana. Ukuphazamiseka okubangela ukuba esi sifo senze isigulane sibonane nodokotela obeka uviwo olupheleleyo. Utyando luya kuxhomekeka kwixinzelelo kunye nokungahoywa komhlaza.

Izifo zesifo

I-tumor eyenziwe kwi-nasopharynx ingaba ezimbini zeentlobo:

• Benign;
• Ezibi.

Ukuthwala okufanelekileyo:

• Angiofibroma;
• Hemangioma.

Imfundo kaBenign ayinqabile, kaninzi ifunyaniswa kubantwana (ingaba yintlungu). Kodwa isisu esibi se-nasopharynx yinkxalaba yabantu abadala, kwiimeko ezininzi - amadoda.

Izizathu

Izizathu ezibalulekileyo zesifo:

1. Ukutshaya. Kulo qela labantu ngabantu bahlala kufuphi nomntu otshaya (ukutshaya). Amaseli e-mucosa engumlomo athukuthelela kumsi, ukuba uyayifaka nje, kodwa ungazitshisi. Kodwa abantu ababhemayo banethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuba nomhlaza.
2. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweemveliso eziphathwe ngezilwanyana ezibulala izibulala-zinambuzane. I-carcinogens iyingozi kakhulu.
3. Amazinyo. Inyaniso yokuba ugqoke amazinyo akuthethi ukuba isiqinisekiso somhlaza we-nasopharyngeal. Ukuba umntu une-prosthesis ethatha ngokungalunganga, akubi kuye, oko kukuthi, umngcipheko wokwakha i-tumor. Xa umntu onjalo etshaya, izinto ezisuka apho iprothesis yakhe ifakwa umsi wocuba. Oku kuba ngumngcipheko owongeziweyo .
4. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala. Utywala lunokucasula i-pharyngeal mucosa, ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo. Kwenzeka kaninzi ukuba umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal? Iimpawu zeso sifo kwi-75% yamatyala enani labalwelisi livela kulabo abathanda utywala.
5. Papillomavirus. Ukuba kukho le ntsholongwane emzimbeni womntu, umngcipheko wokufumana umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal uphezulu.
6. Leukoplakia. Siyisifo esicatshulwa njengesimo esinqabileyo. Ibonakalisa njengamabala amhlophe kwi-membrane ye-nasopharynx.

Imiba yengozi

Kukho iqela labantu elinethuba eliphezulu lokukhula komhlaza:

• Amadoda angama-40-50 ubudala;
• Ukudibana ne-Epstein-Barr virus;
• Izigulane ezine-HIV kunye ne-mononucleosis;
• Ifumene i-radiation ionizing;
• Ngeemeko ezizimeleyo.

Iimpawu

Umhlaza we-nasopharyngeal ubonakala njani? Iimpawu ze-tumor zivele zivele kumanyathelo okuqala. Isizathu kukuba i-nasopharynx iyancipha kakhulu ngamathambo, kwaye oku kubangela ukucinywa kwe-tumor, eqala ukuhlakulela.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wempumlo kunye ne-nasopharynx zifana:

• Ukuxinaniswa kwamanqatha okungapheliyo (ukukhumbuza i-rhinitis okanye iindiza eziqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho zinye iimpawu);
• Ukusuka kwimpumpo kubonakale ukukhutshwa kwe-purulent, ngamanye amaxesha kungcola kwegazi.

Umhlaza wesi-Nasopharyngeal kunye ne-pharyngeal zibonakalisa iimpawu ezingabonakalisa esinye nesinye isifo:

• Ukuvakalelwa ngethuba ngexesha lokutya, kwaye nangona xa ugwinya umthi;
• Ukukhwehlela kweParoxysmal;
• Ukuthotywa kwezwi;
• Ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo emlonyeni;
• Shintsha ilizwi legama.

Ezinye iimpawu:

• Ukuva ukungahambi;
• Iingxaki ngentetho;
• Ukuhamba kwexesha eliqhelekileyo emehlweni;
• Intloko.

Kwimigangatho ezayo, umzimba uqala ukuhla, kwaye i-lymph node zentsholongwane zanda.

Zonke iimpawu ezingentla zingathetha ngesiphi esinye isifo. Ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunokwenziwa kuphela ngugqirha ofanelekileyo emva kokuhlolwa okupheleleyo.

Kubalulekile!

Umntu unokuzibhenqa ngomhlaza we-nasopharyngeal. Iimpawu zihlanganiswe ngendlela engafanelekanga: ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuvela ngexesha elifanayo kunye nokuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka kwentetho.

Diagnostics

Uviwo luqala xa isigulane siphathwe ngeempawu. Enye yeempawu eziphambili kukunyuka kwimizimba yomlomo wesibeleko. Ngamanye amaxesha lo mqondiso uhlukile kumdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal.

Ugqirha wokuqala kuqala ukuqwalasela:

• Iimpawu ezithethwa ngumguli;
• Ubungqina besikhumba;
• Umqathango wee-lymph nodes.

Ngenxa yendawo enzulu ye-nasopharynx, ayikwazi ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezincedisayo. Kukho iimeko xa i-tumor ikhona phantsi kwembrane enqabileyo, efuna i-biopsy.

Izindlela zokuxilonga okumelwe zisetyenziswe ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo:

1. X-ray yemiphunga. Le mviwo iyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba ingabandakanyi i-metastases emiphakeni.
2. CT kunye neMRI. Ugqirha unokuhlola i-tumor ngokubanzi.
3. Biopsy. Ngoncedo lokubanjwa, izicubu zithathwa ukuze zihlolwe.
4. Uvavanyo lwegazi. Uncedisa ukuba ngaba kukho nayiphi na i-pathologies ehambayo emzimbeni.

Umhlaza we-nasopharynx unobulumko kakhulu. Iimpawu, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango kuxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo. Ugqirha, ngaphambi kokuba uqalise unyango, uqikelele eli nqanaba. Siyaqwalasela ubungakanani bemfundo kunye nokuxhaphaka kwayo emzimbeni.

Unyango

Unyango lukhethwe ngabanye, kuxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo. Umdala wesigulane, imeko yakhe jikelele yempilo ithathwa ingqalelo. Iindlela ezisisiseko:

• Unyango lwezaphulo;
• Chemotherapy;
• Ukusebenza.

Unyango

Le ndlela yonyango ithathwa njengeyona ndawo. Kwizigaba zokuqala, kusetyenziswa kuphela unyango lwe-radiation, kwaye kwinqanaba lexesha elizayo lidibaniswe nezinye iindlela zokonyango, kwixesha elininzi nge-chemotherapy. Umgaqo wesenzo u-irradiation we-tumor kunye nezicubu eziseduze.

Ukunyanga kwamayeza kuthintela iiseli zomhlaza kwaye kunciphise ukukhula kwabo. Xa i-irradiation yaqhutyelwa, iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela ziboniswa kwisigulane. Emva kwakho konke, ngamanye amaxesha kwii-lymph nodes zihlala zizintlu ze-metastases. Azinakuqwalaselwa ngenxa yokuba bancinci kakhulu.

Ukungonakali kwile ndlela yokonyango kukuba akuchaphazeli nje kuphela iiseli ezimbi, kodwa kunye nemeko jikelele yempilo yabantu. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lisetyenziswe ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Chemotherapy

Ngale ndlela yokonyango, iisilini ze-tumor ziyaxinwa kwaye zatshatyalaliswa. Ugqirha ubeka izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic ezenza umsebenzi wazo ngaphakathi.

I-Chemotherapy idibene nezinye iindlela zokwelapha. Kodwa, njengommiselo, umiselwe phambi kokuba unyango lwamayeza kunye emva kokusebenza. Injongo kukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo iiseli zesisu kuzo zonke izicubu.

Ukusebenza

Ingenelelo yokuphanda ijoliswe ekususweni:

• Iingxowankulu zesisu;
• I-lymph nodes ekhulisiweyo.

Ukuba i-tumor ayifakwanga kwezinye izitho, ukuhlinzwa akufanele kubangele naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha lomsebenzi. Ukuba i-metastase ifunyenwe kwezinye iimbutho, ugqirha uya kugxininisa inxalenye yecandelo elimele.

Ukusinda

Njengoko imanani ibonisa, umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal, iimpawu zonyango oluxhomekeke kwisigaba, amaninzi amaninzi abulala umntu. Ukuba izifo zafunyaniswa kwisigaba sokuqala, ithuba lokusinda li-70% kula maxesha xa isiguli singengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45. Kudala, iminyaka engama-60-70 ayinakwenzeka ukuba iphile ngokuxilongwa-35%. I-tumor e-nasopharynx idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kune-oropharynx.

Omnye akakwazi ukulahlekelwa yinto yokuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, olu xilongo lwenziwa ngaphantsi nangaphantsi. Abantu abaninzi banqabile ukutshaya, yinto enye yezizathu ezibangela umdlavuza.

Thintelo

Indlela yokuphila enempilo ngumlinganiselo oyintloko wokukhusela umdlavuza we- nasopharyngeal. Umntu kufuneka ayeke ukutshaya, ayeke ukusela utywala. Ukuba kufuneka usebenze kwiprktri apho kusetyenziswe izinto ezinobungozi ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka umphefumli ugqitywe ukukhusela ii-agent zeekhemikhali ukungena kwiphepha lokuphefumula.

Wonke umntu kufuneka ahlolwe rhoqo. Ukuba uhambelana nalo mgaqo, unokwazi ukubona eso sifo kwisigaba sokuqala, esinokunyangwa.

Ingozi kakhulu ngumhlaza we-nasopharyngeal. Iimpawu, unyango kunye nokuthintela ulwazi olufunekayo wonke umntu ukuba aphephe ukuphuhliswa kwesifo, kwaye ukuba impawu zokuqala zivela, fownela ugqirha ngexesha. Ukuba umhlaza usekwinqanaba lokuqala, ngoko uviwo olupheleleyo kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo kwiziko lezonyango elifanelekileyo, kukho ithuba elihle lokukrazula isigxobhozo ngonaphakade.