Nemali - yintoni na le nto?

Kuqoqosho ikomkhulu bukaThixo ibizwa ngokuba impahla umntu ngokwasemzimbeni okanye zomthetho, ochazwa ngokwemimiselo yezemali (ngamanye amaxesha yorhwebo). Usebenzisa yale propati ezininzi:

• Xa iinjongo zakho.
• Ukugcina (ukufunyanwa kwakudala okanye izinto kamnandi).
• Ukuze phinda.

Uphuhliso elithi

Financial (cash) capital ngumthombo wobomi kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo nto ndiyibhalayo zemali (izixhobo emali kunye cash and non-cash asethi) kunye capital eziphathekayo (izinto eyenziwe ngazo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yezoqoqosho). Osoqoqosho ukuchaza ingqiqo ka "eyinkunzi" ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Osoqoqosho ukuchaza ingqiqo ka "eyinkunzi" ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi babo bakholelwa ukuba le mbono ibanzi kakhulu 'imali' nje. Umzekelo, Smith kuluphawu eyinkunzi njengoko isitokhwe ethile imali kunye nezinto. Ricardo uyaqhubeka. Intetho ikomkhulu njenge mali yolondolozo eziphathekayo wemveliso. Ngelo xesha yena ukholelwa ukuba ukwandisa indleko yekhapitali kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Fisher Capital Economist uguqulela njengokuba indalo lweenkonzo eyenza inzuzo.

Ngenxa yoko, i zemali isakhiwo ikomkhulu - kukho umlinganiselo othile ubutyebi, wavakalisa ubunakho zengqondo, yokwenene yemali, ezisetyenziswa ukwandisa isixa imveliso.

Capital accounting theory, wabona yonke imali kutyalwa asethi umbutho okanye inkampani.

Xa ingcamango mihla ngokoMthetho yezoqoqosho ikomkhulu mali yahlulwe yaba elisebenzayo, ochazwa ngokohlobo ezikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye ngokwenene, kunye nemali (zemali), ochazwa cash and non-cash asethi kunye izibambiso.

zezoqoqosho Modern nimane olunye uhlobo eyinkunzi - kwabantu. Ikhulela ngenxa igalelo kwimpilo kunye nemfundo yabaqeshwa okumisele kwezibonelelo zabasebenzi lweshishini.

Le ngcamango

nemali - zekheshi and non-cash kuthetha ukuba amashishini imali kwishishini. Production zifunwa kuphela capital eziphathekayo. Ingakumbi xa kukho imali non-cash esebenzisa baqeshwe okwethutyana kwimveliso. Kuyafuneka ukuba ukuvelisa iimveliso ezingundoqo.

Nendlu okanye umbutho akenzi ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ingeniso ebangela ukuba iimfuno zangoku, ndisindise inxenye imali. Baya kuza nge kwiimarike zemali kuqoqosho okanye neminye imibutho iziyisebenzisayo ukuthenga iimveliso ezingundoqo. Ngaloo mali khona. Le nkampani, leyo uye wasebenzisa ikomkhulu ngokuqinileyo ukuba ayigcine, ahlawule inzala yemali-mboleko. Le pesenti ixabiso nemali.

Xa ezoqoqosho, kukholelwa ukuba iimarike zemali ziyakhuphisana ngokugqibeleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho saver okanye inkampani ofumana utyalo-mali, angenako ukukwazi kuchaphazela umyinge wenzala yi angafaniyo imali eyongiweyo imali okanye utshintsho ngokwemfuno. Ngenxa yoko, izinga market isostatic umdla senzeka ngethuba ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo kunye nabatyali-mali, kunye saver-mveliso.

Imfuno nemali - oko kuxhomekeke intlawulo umdla zotyalomali. Le ntlawulo asezantsi, kokukhona umthamo mali. Inani kwezindululo ezivela mveliso-saver, kakhulu, kuxhomekeke intlawulo inzala: i enkulu na, kungona lemali egciniweyo.

Iziqulatho of capital zemali

eyinkunzi lwemali izixhobo zemali kunye nemali kunye non-cash imali ezaziwayo. Kulo mzekelo, amaxwebhu ezixabisekileyo njenge didi eyinkunzi ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo zemali. Imali kunye non-cash kuthetha ayikwazi ngokupheleleyo ingqalelo ngolo hlobo. Ukuze imali eyinkunzi ungawuqwalaseli unikezelo imali ezandleni abemi beli lizwe, kwii-ofisi itikiti beenkampani iifem ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye yinxalenye engundoqo imali kwi-akhawunti zangoku kunye neebhanki (njengoko ukwenza ukuthenga kwaye iintengiselwano intengiso). Kuphela inxenye yale nkxaso-mali, ifakwe ngezavenge okanye kwangaphambili, uyakwazi kuwa phantsi kudidi "eyinkunzi mali kwimibutho." Inxalenye yale mali bemibutho, esetyenziswa pension okanye i-inshorensi yokonga nako ukuba izabelo nemali.

Lo mzobo yi idayagram engumzekelo eyinkunzi zemali.

iimeko zoqoqosho

Formation of udidi zoqoqosho "capital ezezimali" kuxhokonxwa imfuneko ingeniso kwezoqoqosho. Ukuqwalasela umzekelo ejikeleza kuqoqosho, sinako ukubona ukuba lo mbutho ndihlawule izibonelelo zoqoqosho kunye neendleko yenkcitho yangoku ukugcina isabelo-asethi zabo akhawunti zangoku kwiibhanki kunye nemali, kwaye abanye - kwizixhobo emali kunye needipozithi kwi zibhanki inkcitho elizayo. Amakhaya kwakhona angemi lokonga kwaye enze iindidi zeentlawulo, kubandakanywa iirhafu. Ukuze ezi njongo, nobona akhawunti luvuliwe kwi iibhanki kunye needipozithi ke izibambiso. Urhulumente, njengoko ummeli ubomi bezoqoqosho, wenza iintlawulo zeenkonzo, iinkxaso kunye nempahla, wayenza amazwe kazwelonke kwaye ishicilela izibambiso zabo. Funds, inshorensi kunye pension, abathatha inxaxheba kumjikelo kwezoqoqosho, ukunciphisa imingcipheko evela kule khosi semisebenzi yezentlalo nezoqoqosho, ngexesha ubambe ezinye agents zabo esebenzayo zingabi namhlali okwethutyana.

ezikhoyo ngoku

Wesiphaluka yezoqoqosho yanamhlanje eyinkunzi zemali - olu imali yokwenene. Oku kungenxa yokuba izibambiso kunye nemali unikezelo ihamba yenziwe imali ebambekayo ukusebenza kunye nempahla ezisisigxina.

Apha kufuneka uqaphele ukuba yonke nemali yhuu kungena yokwenene. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amakhaya kweli lizwe ye-arhente esebenzayo ngohlobo lwemali ukugcinwa ekhaya. Ukumka kwicandelo lezoqoqosho, isabelo eyinkunzi lokwenene kuthetha kwakhona ukuba nemali. Oku kwenzeka, umz, ngenxa ekuncitshisweni eyinkunzi Depreciations ngenxa eziwa kwi-akhawunti yebhanki. Ukongeza, i-capital yemali zincediswe kwizitofu rhoqo zemali (iyafana ukuthengwa izibambiso). Oku kuthetha ukuba nemali isebenza ngaxeshanye kunye imali yokwenene.

Ifomu kwezibonelelo zemali

Njengoko kucacile ukusuka ngentla, ikomkhulu zemali - into umyinge izibonelelo zemali yombutho, leyo umva kwaye izisa ingeniso ethile. Oko kukuthi, ukuba selekhulile kwaye (okanye) izibonelelo imali ngenjongo yokwenza inzuzo. Le nemali lweshishini - oku isiseko apho ukudala kunye nokuphuhlisa lo mbutho. Inika inkcazelo yexabiso eyinkunzi jikelele mali lweshishini ngokohlobo ezingenakuchukunyiswa kunye aseti eziphathekayo kunye notyalo-mali.

Xa inkqubo imali nokuqinisekisa iimfuno zombutho kunye norhulumente. Ngoko ke, oko ke into ephambili kulawulo lwemali yombutho, kwaye abaphathi neSebe lezeMali kufuneka balandele ukusebenza aphezulu ekusetyenzisweni kwayo.

Iimpawu of capital zemali

izibonelelo zemali kunye nemali zihlobene. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kubabela ezinye iimpawu nokucwangciswa capital ezemali.

into kwi

Apha capital yahlukile yabo waboleka. Kwi equity uyakwazi kugwetywa ixabiso lulonke mali lweshishini (oko kuxhomekeke amalungelo obunini lweshishini). Oku kuquka Reserve, ikomkhulu eyongezelelweyo egunyazisiweyo ize igcinwe unomvuzo.

Egunyazisiweyo okanye wabelane capital - le mali ubuncinane impahla yakhe, nto leyo siqinisekiso ukuba amatyala. ubukhulu ikhankanyiwe charter lombutho (ubuncinane lubekwe kwinqanaba lomthetho federal).

Ikomkhulu eyongezelelweyo ibandakanya nookratya nokuvavanywa ngokutsha izinto eziphathekayo lweshishini, ixesha ngaphezu konyaka ubomi luncedo ngazo. Kwakhona kwikomkhulu kukuba ukufumana kubhatalwa ixabiso, isixa egqithileyo ixabiso encinci kwizabelo ezikhutshiweyo kunye nezinye iimali emali kuwa phantsi kolu didi.

capital Reserve - ke zemali iintlawulo ezifunyenweyo bafika ngexesha likaxakeka: ilahleko kunokwenzeka, inkululeko lezabelo, njl Ubukhulu ezibanjwayo kulawulwa ngumthetho ..

nemali - ke lona kwishishini, eseyiphantse inxalenye nokungundoqo kuyo.

imali ebolekiweyo - ngemali okanye ezinye izinto abandakanyeka qho imbuyekezo nokuphuculwa mbutho.

i CIP

Ngenxa lotyalo-mali umahluko phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye capital ezisisigxina.

Inxalenye eyinkunzi imali kwii-asethi ezisisigxina kunye asethi non-zangoku, kwaye likomkhulu ephambili. eyinkunzi zemali kuquka indlela yokuxoxisana.

Zonke ii-asethi ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo ifakiwe nemali yombutho, zibe ejikeleza rhoqo. Kule, unako ukwabelana ngayo ifomu indawo kwi kumjikelo olandelayo amagophe. Le imali, nemveliso kunye yorhwebo.

ifomu Monetary - ukuba utyalo-mali. Kungenziwa kuba kwi ophe kunye asethi zangoku. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, baya kungena uhlobo enemveliso.

Ngelo kwesihloko isigaba imveliso ingena imilo iimpahla (imisebenzi, iinkonzo).

I Esesithathu nesokugqibela isigaba - yorhwebo-capital similise imali ngokuthengiswa kweempahla (imisebenzi okanye iinkonzo).

Okunxuseneyo kula iintshukumo eyinkunzi itshintsha ixabiso layo.

Management Wealth Financial

Lo msebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo ilele phezu isebe yolawulo lwenkampani iindlela zokulawula enabela zabo zemali. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umbutho ixesha elide kwaye kufuneka iqulunqwe umgaqo-mali lwexesha elifutshane. Eyona ndlela iphambili ifanele ibe etsala kunye nokusasazwa echanekileyo enabela.

Financial Wealth Management yenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezingundoqo ezithile.

1. Ukuzimisela esisiso efunekayo ubungakanani capital kwezengqesho.
2. Attraction (ukuba kuyimfuneko) yenzuzo abangabelwanga okanye umba izabelo ukwandisa capital yobulungisa.
3. Ukuqulunqwa kwaye kuqaliswa le nkqubo tivi kunye nesakhiwo dovypuska izabelo.

Uphuhliso lomgaqo-mali kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela.