Amazwe abahlwempuzekileyo eAfrika: umgangatho wokuphila, uqoqosho

Afrika yeyona ndawo fast-likhula. Noko ke, kule welizwekazi phantse akukho lizwe ukuba uza kunikwa nangona impembelelo encinane ebalulekileyo kwakutshabalala ihlabathi. Kudla zikhankanywe amazwe abahlwempuzekileyo eAfrika, apho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi awukwazi ukususa uphuhliso yawo phambili. Phantse isiqingatha sabantu yelizwekazi uhlala ngaphantsi kwe kweerandi ezintandathu ngosuku. Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye imfazwe eqhubekayo wenza ukuba abantu abaninzi nzima kakhulu. Kwinqaku lwanamhlanje siza kujonga kumazwe ihluphekileyo Afrika ngokwemigqaliselo GDP ngomntu ngamnye (ngokuhambelana ne ukuhlelwa i-International Monetary Fund) kwaye sihlaziye amathuba nophuhliso lwengingqi.

Wayo kuqoqosho

uqoqosho Afrika zibandakanya urhwebo, ushishino, ezolimo kunye lwabasebenzi. Ukususela ngo-2012, abantu malunga 1 billion abahlala apha. Iyonke kwilizwekazi 54 ithi. Elinambini kubo, i-International Monetary Fund ichaza amazwe abahlwempuzekileyo eAfrika. Nangona kunjalo, eli lizwekazi inethuba elikhulu ophuhliso Bulelani kwisiseko sayo semithombo yoncedo esisityebi. GDP obungu 1.8 kwezigidi zeerandi. Ukukhula zakutshanje yemVeliso yaseKhaya kungekaTsalwa nto ngenxa yokwanda kurhwebo iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2050, GDP Afrika sub-Sahara baya kufikelela US $ 25 ezigidi zezigidi. ukungalingani imali kuyinto umda into enkulu lonikezelo ubutyebi. Noko ke, namhlanje, uthi ezininzi kweli lizwekazi le kumazwe ahluphekayo Afrika. Ngokutsho lentelekelelo yeBhanki yeHlabathi, imeko ungatshintsha kwangethuba-2025, xa ingeniso ngomntu ngamnye kubo uza kufikelela $ 1,000 ngonyaka ngamnye. amathemba High ukwenzela ulutsha. Zonke iingcali ingqalelo ukubaluleka lotyalo-mali kubomi bale ngingqi.

Amazwe ihluphekileyo Afrika

Ngokutsho inqanaba GDP ngomntu ngamnye (kwi US dollar) ngo-2014, ezi zithuba asezantsi yile States zilandelayo:

• Malawi - 255.
• EBurundi - 286.
• Central African Republic - 358.
• Niger - 427.
• The Gambia - 441.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo - 442.
• Madagascar - 449.
• Liberia - 458.
• Guinea - 540.
• Somalia - 543.
• Guinea-Bissau - 568.
• Ethiopia - 573.
• Mozambique - 586.
• Togo - 635.
• Rwanda - 696.
• Mali - 705.
• Burkina Faso - 713.
• Uganda - 715.
• Sierra Leone - 766.
• Comoros - 810.
• Benin - 904.
• Zimbabwe - 931.
• Tanzania - 955.

Njengoko ubona, ukuba avale top ezilishumi Somalia ezizezona zihluphekayo. Ilizwe nje ezimbalwa emva kwindawo yokuqala simo, kodwa ngoku GDP wayo ngokwenyusa kancinane. Ivala uluhlu lwe Tanzania. Nje uluhlu lwe kumazwe ayi-24. Zonke ezinye ithi kwilizwekazi laseAfrika abe GDP ngamnye ngamnye ngaphezu ubungakanani US $ 1,000. Cinga ezinye lizwe ukusuka kuluhlu olungentla.

Malawi

Le yimeko elise mpuma Asia. Malawi - ilizwe kunye GDP liphantsi ehlabathini. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abemi balo baphile ngaphantsi kwezinga labantu abahluphekayo. Njengoko kwamanye amazwe amaninzi Afrika, Malawi enkulu urhwaphilizo izakheko karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Uninzi lwabiwo mali lukazwelonke na uncedo kwamanye amazwe. Malunga ne-35% ye-GDP unika ezolimo, 19% - mveliso, 46% - kwicandelo nkonzo. Izinto eziphambili kwamanye amazwe kukho icuba, iti, umqhaphu, ikofu, kunye nezingenayo - iimveliso zokutya, iimveliso oyile kunye neemoto. yorhwebo waseMalawi la mazwe alandelayo: uMzantsi Afrika, Egypt, Zimbabwe, India, China nase-United States.

Burundi

Le meko ke yaziwa ngokuba oluqhubekayo imfazwe yamakhaya kwindawo yayo. Kwimbali yawo kwakungekho elinye ixesha elide loxolo. Oku kuchaphazela uqoqosho. Burundi yeyesibini kuluhlu kwamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini. Ukongeza ngeemfazwe rhoqo, oko kuthethwa ngokunxulumene ukusasazeka kwe-HIV / AIDS, urhwaphilizo kunye nokukhetha. Malunga ne-80% yabemi meko baphila ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko.

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Le meko yaba iyahlozinga kuzo ngokoMthetho lwezopolitiko nolwezoqoqosho ukususela ekuqaleni ukuzimela kwayo. Central African Republic osisityebi izibonelelo nezimbiwa, kodwa ihleli kuluhlu ngayo abona bafundi bahluphekayo. Eli lizwe ithumela diamonds. Eli nqaku linika 45-55% inzuzo. Kwakhona lizwe zizityebi uranium, zegolide neoli. Ukanti ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abemi Central Afrika abaphila endlaleni. Isebe iphambili kuqoqosho lwesizwe yi ulimo kunye namahlathi. Liqabane yorhwebo iphambili ye-Central African Republic unguye eJapan, South Korea, eFransi, Belgium kunye neTshayina.

Niger

Malunga ne-80% yommandla lo karhulumente kuxhomekeke eSahara entlango. Niger ubalule ezingazinzanga kwezopolitiko apho iyachuma urhwaphilizo nolwaphulo-mthetho. Amahla imo yamabhinqa. Buhle eNiger komnotho oovimba elikhulu uranium. Kwakhona, kukho imali ebekiweyo ye-oyile negesi. icala zithokombisile uxhomekeke elikhulu zoncedo amazwe. kuphuhliswa iziseko yelizwe imvakalozwi, imeko yezopolitiko kuhlala ethe, kwaye sezulu imbalela embi rhoqo. Isebe iphambili kuqoqosho kazwelonke ezolimo. Phuhlisa kunye noshishino uranium kwemigodi. Eli lizwe kwanala Index loPhuhliso loLuntu.

Liberia

Le meko yindawo ekhethekileyo kwilizwekazi le-Afrika. yonke indawo kwimbali yawo. Liberia yasekwa wakhululwa ngokwabo nobukhoboka abamnyama. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yayo karhulumente ifana kakhulu naleyo olukhoyo eUnited States. Malunga ne-85% abantu baphila ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko. imali ngosuku ingaphantsi kwe-1 dollar. Le meko elibuhlungu kuqoqosho ngenxa iimfazwe kunye nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Le meko yeyona inkulu ehlabathini. Noko ke, ngelo xesha ke lelinye lamazwe ezizezona zehlabathi. Esi siganeko ezoyikekayo kwimbali yaba yesibini imfazwe kwi Democratic Republic of the Congo, eyaqala ngo-1998. Ukuba esona sizathu siphambili kuphuhliso loqoqosho ephantsi.

Madagascar

Esi siqithi ifumaneka e-Indian Ocean, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-250 kude nonxweme mpuma Afrika. indawo ezweni km malunga 1580 ubude kunye km 570 ithatha eMadagascar. Afrika njengezwekazi iquka siqithi kumafa yayo. Amasebe ezingundoqo kuqoqosho Madagascar zithathwa wokufama, ukuloba nokuzingela. sabemi siqithi ngayo abantu abangama-22 ezigidi. 90% abantu abahlala dollar ngaphantsi kwe ezimbini ngosuku.

Ethiopia

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, omnye mimandla akhula kakhulu ehlabathini Afrika. Ethiopia yenye yezo mazwe, izinga lokukhula koqoqosho yona ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuseyinto lelinye lamazwe zihluphekayo kweli lizwekazi kunye ehlabathini. Malunga ne-30% yabantu bahlala dollar ngosuku okanye ngaphantsi. Noko ke, Ethiopia ngamandla ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kwicandelo lezolimo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lwawo amafama amancinci. iifama ezincinane basengozini enkulu ukuhla kwiimarike zehlabathi, imbalela kunye nezinye iintlekele zemvelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo Ethiopia songeza uluhlu kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo. Ngoko ke, imeko yangoku lubonisa ukuphucuka okubonakalayo kwimigangatho abahlala kunokuba bekunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Togo

Le meko ibekwe kwiNtshona Afrika. lwabemi beli abantu malunga 6.7 million. Icandelo iphambili kwezoqoqosho kwezolimo. Eli candelo usebenzisa isininzi sabantu. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zezi ikoko, ikofu, umqhaphu. Togo utyebile izimbiwa yaye lizuza inkulu phosphate ehlabathini.

Sierra Leone

Uqoqosho urhulumente isekelwe phezu imigodi kwedayimani. Benza i inxalenye enkulu kwamanye amazwe. Sierra Leone nguye umenzi mkhulu titanium kunye webauxite, kwakunye njengegolide. Noko ke, ngaphezu kwama-70% abantu ohlala ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko. Xa urhulumente zigcwele urhwaphilizo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Iintengiselwano abaninzi yorhwebo langaphandle le ikhutshwa phandle kuphela ngokusebenzisa wokunikela nowokwamkela ukunyotywa.

Izinto ezibangela baswele namathemba

iingxaki ezikhoyo lokukhula kwilizwekazi Afrika kunzima ukucacisa ngoncedo beengcamango zoqoqosho zale mihla. Phakathi izizathu ngengxaki uninzi yabantu zibizwa ngokuba imfazwe esisigxina, ukungazinzi, urhwaphilizo okugcwele ulawulo olungumbandezeli kumazwe amaninzi. Wayedlala indima ukuvela iingxaki kunye IMfazwe phakathi kwe US kunye USSR. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amahlwempu amazwe Afrika zihlala yayiliziko backwardness. Kwaye sesona soyikiso ehlabathini lonke, kuba iyantlukwano ophezulu entlalweni kusoloko kukhokelela ekwandeni ingxabano wezangaphandle. Kunye nobuhlwempu obuqatha apha sidibanisa imeko ukungaphatheki kwinkalo yemfundo kunye nezempilo. Xa isakhiwo GDP e-Afrika esilawulwa lezolimo ngobuchule kunye nezimbiwa. Kwaye lo shishino kunye nexabiso eliphantsi wongezelela, leyo ukunika impumelelo kuphuhliso kula mazwe. Ngaphezu koko, amazwe amaninzi Afrika angawona. Ngenxa yoko, abanalo izixhobo ukuba zilandele imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe esebenzayo ajolise kuphuhliso loqoqosho yayo. ingxaki enkulu urhwaphilizo kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ngexesha iminyaka geqe kula mazwe iye yaba isithethe. Uninzi imisebenzi yorhwebo zenziwa kuphela phantsi imeko zokucenga. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, ngeendleko kweenkqubo amazwe meko uqalisa ukuphucula. Kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo uqoqosho lwamazwe Afrika wabonisa ukukhula izinzile. Waqhubeka, nkqu ngexesha lombhodamo kwiimalike zemali. Ngoko ke, amandla kwelizwekazi uyabonakala abezoqoqosho abaninzi abanethemba lusanda ngokwanda.

uphuhliso

Afrika oovimba enkulu kwezibonelelo zendalo. Ngaphezu koko, akukho kwilizwekazi kunye nani liphezulu labantu abatsha. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho aokusetyenziswa notyalo isizukulwana esitsha yemfundo. Phambi nkqubo abanobuchule Afrika abe ngomnye yengingqi imveliso. Ngokuthe ngcembe, bengasekho kuthathwa njengezwekazi nathemba. Ngenxa yokusebenza ukukhula izinzile noko xa abadlali zehlabathi, kukho umnqweno okuphembelela kumazwe ase-Afrika kunye nokukhuthaza brand zabo apha. Nangona kunjalo, lo gama uninzi lwamazwe kwingingqi ahlala zorhwebo buthathaka. Baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi ekuthengisweni amandla. 4 Kuphela% of Afrika bahlala $ 10 ngosuku. Le meko ke kulindeleke ingatshintsha ngokugqibeleleyo ngo-2050. Ngeli xesha, uninzi ithi kufuneka singene isigaba lamazwe ngengeniso ngentla-avareji. Into ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo elizayo kukomeleza abakumgangatho ophakathi. Okubaluleke ezinkulu iiprojekthi zotyalo amazwe kwezobugcisa, imfundo kunye nezempilo. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo 2060 99% yabemi ziya kuhlawulwa yi-Internet broadband. Isizukulwana esitsha - oko ke ithemba lizwekazi. Kuba phezu impumelelo nokudaleka kuxhomekeke ikamva le-Afrika.