NezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela (carbine) iinkcukacha. SKS carbine: photo

Carbines kuthiwa kwakunye umpu ezilula automatic. Ukongeza, igama "mbutho" lisetyenziswa kwindawo emkhosini, lokuzingela zezemidlalo. Eyona eziphambili Iimfuno ukuba zibekwe phambili carbine - a ndandifeketha na, compactness kunye nokugcinwa iimpawu eziphakamileyo yokulwa.

Enye carbine idumileyo Soviet i carbine SKS 7 62 abanjalo. Malunga indima ayidlalileyo kuphuhliso lwezixhobo ezincinane Soviet, kwakunye neempawu yamacebo zobugcisa kunye neempawu ukusetyenziswa kwayo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Imbali i nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela

Esi sixhobo waphuhliswa ngaxeshanye kunye a Kalashnikov rifle phantsi iCartridge ngokukodwa ezenziwe intermediate ubukhulu 7,62 mm ka-1943. Ngaba ngokusekelwe kwimodeli yangaphambili - AKS-22, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ekuqaleni yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Imfuneko isixhobo esitsha iye oyingozi kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, lo umpu mfuziselo edume "Mosin-Nagant" isampuli ngo-1898. Kwakhona, ukuba isiXhosa, wasebenzisa self-ukulayisha umbayimbayi SVT kunye ABC. Kodwa ke inkalo yayikukuba nangona le mifuziselo kwaye bebaninzi kangaka, bathe abahlutha njengomyalelo kunye namajoni elikwisikhundla esiphezulu. Umzekelo, i-faa kunye SVT nangona bathe baba kuhle kakhulu, kodwa ke zifuna ulondolozo ngenyameko kakhulu, nto leyo mu lupwa kungelula ukuphumeza.

Mosin umpu lowo, Kakade, ukuthembeka kunye elula, kodwa akazange ilingane ngeendlela ezininzi. Kwezi meko manyala umkhosi isixhobo nabalulamileyo ethembekileyo, leyo kuba nako ukudubula imigama elide PCA kunye PPP, evenkileni efanayo yokuhlala lwalulude ngomgangatho rounds-5, njengoko kwi Mosin umpu efanayo. Kwabonakala nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela - carbine, ogama iinkcukacha ngeendlela ezininzi yokusebenza ophezulu Kalashnikov.

Umphuhlisi ngezikrweqe edume

Uxanduva lokuphuhlisa izixhobo ezinjalo ephethwe yi Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov umyili.

Le gunsmith ezaziwayo-kakuhle yaba umbhekisi phambili imifuziselo ezinjalo iingalo ezincinane njengoko ABC, PPP, PTSD, ukongeza, uye no Fedorov kunye Degtyarev ngexesha lasungulwa njengomyili iinkqubo ezincinane. Ngaphambi koko, uSimon wayesebenzela Kovrov yomatshini-gun mveliso, yaye emva koko ekhwela ileli umsebenzi lo, i Academy yaba ngumfundi shishino. imodeli yakhe yokuqala, nto leyo yamkelwe ngumkhosi, yaba ABC-36 (Simonov umpu oluzenzekelayo mod. 1936). Yena waba umpu lokuqala oluzenzekelayo wangena inkonzo emva kokuba Red Army kumatshini Fedorova.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima lowo wengcibi yokuluka thaca urhulumente yakhe entsha kwisampula 1949, malunga nelo xesha, xa kukhululwa kunye umpu Kalashnikov. Ke Simonov SKS carbine yavunywa ukuba Red Army. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, lowo wengcibi yokuluka wanikwa ngesiqu ka uHero Socialist Labour, njengoko bawongwa amabhaso eyahlukeneyo karhulumente kunye neembasa.

Ekuqaleni uyilo izixhobo wasebenzisa onencula yenaliti ezizodwa, apho kamva indawo uhlobo yokusonga imela-like. Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo wokwenziwa Kwenziwe utshintsho kuyilo ngamnye nodes carbine. Kwaye nangona ekuqaleni kombono yaqaliswa ngo-1943, le ngxaki kulungelelana iya kubonisa kuphela ngo-1949.

i iingalo ngamazwe

NezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela kwafuneka imfazwe kwingxabano ezininzi lwezigalo emva Second World War. Asisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ezi luqalile Viet Cong ngexesha Vietnam beMfazwe, njengoko wasebenzisa umkhosi North Korean, wabonwa eCuba, eAfrika, iLaos, Namibia. Inkoliso yale baduma kungenxa eliphezulu izixhobo zokusebenza yokulwa, kwakunye nenyaniso yokuba bayo ubunzima-eziveliswa phantsi mvume evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo awodwa eSoviet. Ngo-China, i-sixhobo ngokuba "Uhlobo 56" kwaye sele aguqulelwe obandayo zonke izinto ezisebenzisa, yaye iguqulwe ukugcina rounds 30, ezifana evenkileni evela AK. Iveliswe carbine kunye German Democratic Republic, Yugoslavia, iYiputa, Albania. Kwezinye imikhosi ilizWe nangoku baxhobe iiyunithi ngamnye.

SKS carbine - iimpawu ezithile kunye nobugcisa

Xa urhulumente uncharged nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela ubunzima neekhilogram ezintathu grams asixhenxe anamashumi mahlanu. It has a izinga ngokwanelisayo eliphezulu - 40 RDS. imiz. Inkqubo gas ivumela sokudubula kwimo, kuphela isibane enye. uluhlu olusebenzayo kweemitha 1000.

Ukubazi mbutho ilula kakhulu. Uye yanele "handiness", kakuhle balanced kwaye ukhululeke. Isiqu lungaphezu AK-47, nto leyo evumela ukuba amazinga aphezulu ngokuchanileyo. Umahluko wadibana kummandla we-800 m imalunga 290-380 mm.

Isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

isixhobo oluzenzekelayo lusebenza indlela gas elirhoxisa propellant ngokusebenzisa beso wompu. Ezitshixwayo yazala shutter yoniwa phantsi. Isiqu uhamba shutter phantsi kweempembelelo umthombo zithwele umlandeli kunye piston kunye ngentonga. Abayi musa inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ngakumbi, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle oluzenzekelayo. Xa buyisela Isiqu ngasemva inxalenye ivelufa yayinyuka kwaye disengaged ephuma kwisamkeli, yaye xa bayotywe - ivale yazala. Le ndlela ukubuya ibekwe esikhondweni vana, Isitishi ekhethekileyo. Ngelo xesha linye likhaba yi kumqheba Ukuvuya womserbia.

mechanism ngesando - senyanga, kunye mainspring zohlobo iqhosha lemenyu. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kususelwe yabalindi asibambe yaphuhliswa njengendlela elinye. Fuse - iflegi, ibekwe emva adubule. Ukuthintela obhobhozayo xa umphanda elihambelanayo timer ivulwe.

Carbine une shop kwemijikelo-10, uhlobo neotemny. Kuba lula ivenkile esangweni inazo kwiindawo zokubeka ukuba umboniso. emehlweni kwicandelo likarhulumente waphawulwa kumgama 1000 eemitha, lo mbono ngaphambili ibekwa phezu nesakhelo kule isicheme, kwaye block abalibona - phakathi kwe umpu. Le isixhobo unalo kwibhokisi eyenziwe ngeplanga kunye ngompu Buze for handguard wesundu elisusekayo, ezinxulumene ngokuqinileyo kunye ityhubhu umzi werhasi.

NezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela - carabiner ogama iinkcukacha omnye engumzekelo iingalo ezincinane Soviet.

Ubukho ehlabathini kunye nobomi post-imfazwe

Emva nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela ugugile, oko kusetyenziswa isixhobo inkonzo emasebeni ezahlukeneyo (ukuziphendulela, umzekelo). E Ukraine, solo ngokubanzi isetyenziswe isixhobo okanye umlomo unogada ibakhusela imbeko kungakhathaliseki uhlobo mkhosi. Ke kaloku, njengokuba carbine ukuba ngokubanzi isetyenziswa njengesixhobo ukuzingela. Kwanele ukuba le mali, ufaneleke indlela echithwe kuyo. Kuzingela SKS carbine ngenene lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iphele ngempumelelo.

Udumo enkulu kunye nezixhobo ezifunyenweyo eUnited States. Ewe, America ngenkuthalo uthenga carbines iminyaka eyahlukeneyo woyekelelo. Okwangoku, malunga nama-1.5 yezigidi ezi zikhali eUnited States. abayili yaseMelika ihlombe, ngoko kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi carbine. Ingakumbi, le nkampani liphuhlise USA Magazine kuye iphephancwadi detachable rounds 30, Liman - sporty emehlweni diff. Ezinye iindawo zikhali inani zokuguqulwa ukuze kuphuculwe nokumelana. iibhokisi eyenziwe ngeplastiki nawo zenzelwe ukuba sibambelela ngompu, lempundu Cyber, unako ukufaka bipod.

Ukusetyenziswa umpu zokuzingela

Ngokwezi izixhobo wokuzingela SKS iinkcukacha carbine Kuyinto elungileyo. Kakade ke, xa kuthelekiswa ne neekhatriji ezikhoyo ngoku imodeli bullet 1943 engenaso evumelana imisebenzi zomkhosi, kodwa oko kungadlala indima enkulu kokubini amateurs kunye neengcali kwishishini kuzingela. NezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela iyilungele kweengcuka wokuzingela, ungulates, kwaye nasiphi na isilwanyana ukukhathaza ukuya kwi 100 kg. Bullet iCartridge uhlala olusebenzayo kumgama 150 - 200, ngoxa umlilo ejoliswe (usebenzisa optic okanye emehlweni evulekileyo) kunokukhokelela ukuya kwiimitha 300.

Kakade ke, lo isixhobo unako ukunika ezininzi neembasa kuphela lizingela lomfo. Gcobisa xa adubula lincinane, ubunzima ukukhanya kunye nefomu lula kuvumela ukuba ukubetha ekujoliswe naxa ngokudubula efunisela, kunye nokusetyenziswa neekhatriji lokuzingela ezizodwa kwandisa amathuba betha ekujoliswe elilodwa izihlandlo ezininzi.

Ezinye iinkalo ukusetyenziswa umpu

Ukusebenza kwalo isixhobo Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela-45 - shotgun, eyenzelwe ijoni eziqhelekileyo Soviet. Esi sixhobo waphuhliswa ngqo ngokweemfuno ze iimpawu yokulwa kunye iimpawu zokusebenza kwakusebenza ngelo xesha. Nangona imveliso wakhe omkhulu, kodwa inqanaba lemveliso wahlala eliphezulu kakhulu. Le isixhobo ayikho ngaphandle iqondo elithile ayive kwaye umtsalane yayo.

Kakade ke, uyilo umbayimbayi Zinjalo imi--30 lwekhulu XX kwaye iqulethe eninzi izisombululo lixesha ezifana kulayishwa esebenzisa umboniso. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ekulweni oko kubizwa ngokuba phezulu ngemilinganiselo mihla. Kakade ke, kubazingeli ukuguqulwa carbine ziyahluka umlo. Bona abanayo onencula entabeni ukuze ukufakwa, kwakunye nokumakishwa isicelo kwisamkeli. Amanqaku efanayo kunye yokundwendwela iqulethe nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela ukuzingela carbine. Ngendlela, ukuba esinye isizathu sokuba ukuthandwa le carbine - ithuba lokuthenga simahla selayisenisi eqhelekileyo ukuba ilifa kwezixhobo wokuzingela. Price ngexesha elifanayo yamkelekile kakhulu - ukuya ku amawaka 10 engange ..

Kakade ke, imarike igcwele okhuphisana. Ngokuyintloko, le carbines lokuzingela ethandwayo "SAIGA" yaye "Wild foar", kodwa ke abiza imali eninzi kakhulu yaye musa ukwenza ixabiso yembali, nangona oko kunokwenzeka.

Wonke umzingeli kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba nezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela - carbine, iinkcukacha apho kwenziwa kwinqanaba yokulwa, kunye nomgangatho nokuthembeka zingqinwe izizukulwana ezininzi lamasoldati abazingeli.

SKS carbine: ezizodwa zobugcisa

• Ukuvuleka izixhobo - 7,62 mm.
• ICartridge - 7,62h34 Fika. 1943.
• Velocity kuwugcina ngokuwubopha - 735 m / s.
• izintlu zeenkqubo umlilo - olunye kuphela.
• Izinga lomlilo - 35-40 rounds / min ..
• Kuwugcina ngokuwubopha Energy - 2133 J.
• Ubunzima (magazini engenanto) - 3,75 kg.
• Weight ne lowu ngokupheleleyo - 3.9 kg.
• uluhlu olusebenzayo (ubuninzi) - 1000 m.
• umthamo Magazine - 10 rounds.
• iingalo ubude - 1020 mm.
• Kwagcinwa ubude - 520 mm.

ngenxa

NezabaNxibelelanisi beeNdawo zokuFundela - carbine, iinkcukacha kunye neempawu zokulwa leyo linokuchazwa njengezamkelekileyo nangona ngaphezu imbali-kwenkulungwane enesiqingatha, kwaye umgangatho, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenziseka ezifana nabaqokeleli njani kwaye abazingeli kunye abalandeli ukudubula.