Ngaba inyanga ijikeleza ngeenxaxhi zayo: njani iNyanga ijika

Inyanga ihamba neplanethi yethu ekuhambeni kwayo kwithuba leebhiliyoni eziliqela leminyaka. Yaye ibonisa thina, umhlaba, ukususela kwinye inkulungwane ukuya kwelinye, ihlala yinto efanayo. Kutheni sifunda nje icala elinye leqabane lethu? Ngaba iNyanga ijikeleza ngeenxa zonke zayo, okanye ingabe iphakama kwindawo engaphandle?

Iimpawu zendawo yethu yommelwane

Kwisistim somhlaba, iipatellithi zinkulu kuneNyanga. I-Ganymede i-satellite yeJupiter, umzekelo, ngokuphindwe kabini njengeNyanga. Kodwa yinto ephezulu enkulu yesathelayithi enxulumene nomhlaba wonina. Ubunzima bayo bungaphezulu kwepesenti zomhlaba, kwaye ububanzi balo bu malunga nekota yehlabathi. Ayikho inqanaba elinjalo kwiintsapho zelanga.

Makhe sizame ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba iNyanga ijikeleza ngeenxaxhi zayo, zijonge ngokunyamekela kummelwane wethu osondeleyo wendawo. Ngokweengcamango ezifunyenwe kwisiganeli sesayensi, iplanethi yethu ifumane i-satellite njengendlela ye-protoplanet-engaqhoqelekanga ngokupheleleyo, ekhunjulwe ulwandle lolwandle olubomvu olushushu, ngenxa yokubambisana nezinye iiplanethi, ubuncinane. Ngoko ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali emhlabathini wenyanga kunye nomhlaba uhlukile kancinci - i-nuclei enzima yeeplanethi ezijikelezayo zidibeneyo, kungenxa yoko iitye zomhlaba zicebile ngentsimbi. Inyanga yafumana iindawo ezisezantsi zezo zombini zeprotlanet, kukho ilitye elininzi.

Ngaba iinyanga zijika?

Ukuchaneka, umbuzo wokuba iNyanga ijikelezayo ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo. Emva kwakho konke, njengeyiphi na i-satellite kwi-system yethu, iyajikeleza iplanethi yomama kwaye, kunye nayo, ijikeleza ngeenkwenkwezi. Kodwa, ukujikeleza kwenyanga kwinto eqhelekileyo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhangeleka kangakanani inyanga, ihlala iphendukele kuthiwe yintsika yeTycho kunye nolwandle lokuQiniseka. "Ngaba iinyanga zijikeleza ngeenxaxhi zayo?" - ukususela kwinkulungwane ukuya kwinkulungwane abantu baseMhlabeni bazibuza umbuzo. Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, ukuba usebenza ngeengcamango zejometri, impendulo ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yoqhagamshelwano olukhethiweyo. Ngokumalunga noMhlaba, ukujikeleza kwenyanga kungenako.

Kodwa ukusuka kumbono wombonisi okhoyo kwi-Sun-Earth line, ukujikelezwa kwe-Moon nge-axial kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo, kunye noguqulelo olulodwa lwe-polar ukuya kwiqhezu lesibini elinganayo ngexesha eliya kuguqulwa kwezinto.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba le ngqungquthela kwisimo selanga ayiyodwa. Ngoko, i-satellite of planet Plwar Charon isoloko ibheka iplanethi yayo kwelinye icala, ngendlela efanayo nama satellites ka-Mars - Deimos nePhobos.

Ngokwenzululwazi, oku kuthiwa ukujikeleza ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukutshintshwa kwetyala.

Iyintoni i-maride?

Ukuze uqonde ubunzulu beli qalo kwaye uphendule ngokuqinisekileyo umbuzo wokuba iNyanga ijikeleza ngeenxaxhi zayo, kubalulekile ukuba udibanise intsingiselo yezinto ezimbi.

Khawucinge nje ngeentaba ezimbini emlonyeni weNyanga, enye "ibukeka" ngqo kwiMhlaba, enye inokuma kwimeko yenyanga. Kucacile ukuba, ukuba zombini iintaba zazingekho inxalenye yomzimba owodwa wezulu, kodwa zijikeleze emhlabeni wonke, ijikelezo yazo ayinakuvumelanisa, lowo osondeleyo, ngokwemithetho ye-Newtonian mechanics, kufuneka ajikeleze ngokukhawuleza. Yingakho iindibano zebhola yenyanga, ezisekuhlaleni okubhekiselele kuMhlaba, zivame "ukubalekela".

Indlela inyanga "yayeka ngayo"

Iimpawu zengqungquthela zenza ntoni kule nto okanye kuloo mzimba wasezulwini, kulungele ukudibanisa umzekelo weplanethi yethu. Nathi, sihamba malunga neNyanga, nokuba kunjalo iNyanga kunye noMhlaba, njenge-astrophysics, "kukhokelela umdaniso ojikelezayo" malunga nendawo ebonakalayo yobunzima.

Ngenxa yesenzo senkosi yamandla, inqanaba lamanzi elimboza uMhlaba liphakamisa zombini kwindawo ekufutshane kunye neyona ndawo ekude ukusuka kwi satellite. Kwaye ukuphakama kwe-amplitude ye-tide kufinyelele kwi-15 okanye ngaphezulu kweemitha.

Enye into ebalulekileyo yile ngxaki kukuba le "mihlaba" ijikeleza umhlaba wonkana imihla ngemihla ngokuchasana kwayo, idala ukungqubuzana kwiindawo ezi-1 kunye no-2, kwaye ngokukhawuleza imisa ihlabathi ngokujikeleza kwayo.

Impembelelo yoMhlaba kwenyanga inamandla ngakumbi ngenxa yokuhluka kobuninzi. Kwaye nangona kungekho lwandle olulandelayo kwiNyanga, i-forceal tidal isenzo esona sibi nakwii-rock. Kwaye umphumo womsebenzi wabo ubonakala.

Ngaba iNyanga ijikeleza ngokujikeleza i-axis yayo? Impendulo nguyebo. Kodwa ukujikeleza kuhlobene ngokusondeleyo nokujikeleza emhlabeni jikelele. Amandla aseTidal kwizigidi zeminyaka alungelelanise ukujikelezwa kwe-Moon kunye ne-orbital.

Kuthekani ngomhlaba?

Abafundi be-Astrophysicists bathi emva kokukhawuleza okukhulu okwabangelwa ukwakheka kwenyanga, ukujikeleza kwenyani kweplanethi yethu kwakukhulu kunoko ngoku. Usuku aluzange lube ngaphezu kweeyure ezintlanu. Kodwa ngenxa yesigxina sokuguqulwa kwamagagasi emanzini onxweme ngonyaka emva konyaka, iwaka leminyaka emva kwewaka leminyaka, ukujikeleziswa kwanciphisa, kwaye ngoku imini ihlala iiyure ezingama-24.

Ngokomyinge, nganye inkulungwane iyakongeza kwimini yethu ngemizuzu engama-20-40. Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba kwiminyaka emininzi yeebhiliyoni, iplanethi yethu iya kubheka inyanga kunye neNyanga kuyo, oko kukuthi, icala elinye. Inyaniso yale nto, inokwenzeka, ayiyi kwenzeka, kuba nangaphambi kwelanga, iphendulela kwi-giant red, "iya kugwinya" yomhlaba kunye nomlingane wayo othembekileyo-iNyanga.

Ngendlela, i-forceal tidal yenza i-Earthlings ingabi ukwanda kwenyuka kwaye iyancipha kwinqanaba lehlabathi elwandle kwinqanaba le-equatorial. Ngokushukumisa ubuninzi bezinyithi emhlabeni wonke, ukutshabalalisa isikhungo esishisayo seplanethi yethu, iNyanga iyakunceda ukuyigcina kwimeko yolwelo. Kwaye kubonga kwi-core core, iplanethi yethu inentsimi yayo yamandla, ekhusela yonke i-biosphere kwimoya yokubulala ilanga kunye nemimitha yokufa.