Izifundo zeemfundo kunye nezihloko

Kwiziko lezenzululwazi nakumaziko aphakamileyo emfundo kukho inkqubo yemfundo evumela ukuba kusekwe ubuchule bezenzululwazi zabasebenzi bezesayensi nabafundisa-iidridi zezifundo kunye nezihloko. Elizweni lethu, ukunikezelwa kwee-degree zezemfundo kunye nezihloko zeprofestile kunye kunye noprofesa uyahluke kwamanye amazwe. Njengomthetho, isihloko esithi "umcebisi-ncedisi" unikwe abaviwa bezesayensi, kwaye "uprofesa" unikezelwa oogqirha besayensi, nangona kukho ukungabikho. Kwamanye amazwe, amazinga ahluke kakhulu ngokwemigangatho yemfundo, isihloko, ibhaso kunye nenkqubo yokuvunywa.

ENgilani, iUnited States kunye neenxalenye zeYurophu zikhona iimfuno ezifanayo, kwaye kwisebe ngalinye lezenzululwazi kukho iinqanaba ezi-3: i-Bachelor, Master, Ph.D.

Okwangoku, kukho inkqubo edibeneyo kwiRussia Federation - kwiinkalo ezininzi zemfundo inkqubo entsha isele ikhona, kunye ne-degree-bachelor degree (iminyaka emine yokufunda), i-degree degree (iminyaka engama-6 yokufunda), kunye nenxalenye yeyunivesithi egcina i-system endala eyenza abaphumelele kwi-five-five- Ukuqeqeshwa kweminyaka engama-6 okanye. Kwaye esikhundleni somgangatho ophezulu odibeneyo woDokotela wezeNzululwazi (ifilosofi nabanye), inkqubo, ilifa kwi-Soviet Union, isetyenziswe apho kukho ezimbini iidridi zemfundo - Umviwa kunye noGqirha wezeNzululwazi, ezinikezelwa ngamabhunga adibanayo kwaye zihanjiswe ukuba zivunywe kwiKomishoni yokuPhakamiswa ePhakamileyo.

Amabhunga eDissertational akhiwa kwiiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando okanye nayiphi na imibutho yesayensi. Ukhuselo lomviwa olungiselelwe okanye udokotela wecandelo logqirha, ngokusemthethweni, evulekileyo kwintlanganiso yebhunga lokusasaza. Ngoku, ukwenzela ukukhusela intsingisi ye-Ph.D., kufuneka ube ne Ph.D. Ngaphandle koko, abantu abangenayo le nqanaba, phantsi komthetho omtsha, abanalo ilungelo lokukhusela i-thesis yezinga eliphezulu.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusondelana kwamasebe enzululwazi kunye / okanye iimfuno ezifunyenwe ngaphambili-imfundo ephakamileyo, kwaye i-degrees yesayensi ayinakulawulwa, ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile ezichazwe kumthetho. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuqhelekileyo, kuyamkeleka ukufumana i-degree ephezulu kwi-specialty kunye / okanye isebe elingasondeli nakwizinto ezikhoyo: umzekelo, umviwa wezesayensi zezenhlalakahle, izazi zengqondo, izibalo, i-economics, oogqirha bezengcali zezesayensi, ngokomzekelo, ifilosofi, i-physico-mathematical or sociological ZeSayensi njalonjalo.

Iidridi zezemfundo zaziswa kwiSoviet Union ngowe-1934, okwenene ukubuyiswa kwee-degrees zesayensi ngaphambili. Inani elikhulu labaviwa kunye noogqirha besayensi kwimbululwazi yezokwelapha, ezempilo kunye nezibalo kunye nezobugcisa.

Ukuze ufumane iidridi zemfundo, kufuneka uqale ubhale kwaye ukhuselele ukukhutshwa, kwaye lo msebenzi wenzululwazi onokuqhayisa, onokuqulatha ukusuka kwiphepha le-150 ukuya kuma-500 kwimixholo yesayensi. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabhali i -sissis kumaphepha amaninzi, kodwa kwiindawo ezisemthethweni zikhuseleka ngempumelelo? Kunokwenzeka, nangona kungabi lula. I-Thesis kuMgqirha weNzululwazi yenzululwazi inokwenziwa ngesimo senzululwazi, apho isishwankathelo seziphumo zophando kufuneka zenziwe. Ingxelo enjalo ifanele ixhaswe yinani elikhulu lamaphepha esayensi ashicilelwe ngaphambili, abaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi. Ukongezelela, umenzi wesicelo kufuneka aziwa ngokubanzi kwisayensi yolwazi lwakhe nophando kunye nokufumanisa kwintsimi yakhe yomsebenzi.

Ngaloo ndlela, sacinga ukuba yintoni i-degree yesayense, isihloko sezemfundo.