Ngaba ukhokho Homo erectus lwethu?

imfundo eSoviet njengoko zimelwe anthropogeny umntu ozama "ukulungisa" ukuba ingcamango eziphathekayo: nenkawu, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal kunye Cro-Magnon. yesayensi University ayikho babephikisana kunye nesikolo, wongeza nje amagama Latin: ezibumnturha, Homo (prosimians, silwenza izixhobo elula), Homo erectus (Pithecanthropus, uninzi lobomi bakhe ezihamba ngamanqina ezimbini), Homo sapiens (Bamandulo Phaya, iinkolelo zonqulo lwakowabo kuyagcinwa) kwaye Homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnons, efana ngokupheleleyo kubume emzimbeni kunye nomthamo yobuchopho abantu namhlanje). Kukholelwa ukuba, ekubeni Cro-Magnon womntu, le kwemvelo bomntu ngomntu zebhayoloji wayeka.

Loo mbono elula imvelaphi nohlanga loluntu kubonisa ukuthi izigaba ezithathu eziphambili (Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal kunye Cro-Magnon), ezilandelelanayo, stepwise ephuhlisa nokuguqula ngexesha elithile. Ngoko ke, lo ingcamango abangabaxhasi bakaMarx wachaza ukuba Homo (okt abanezakhono) kwakufuneka izandla simahla ukwenza izixhobo, ngoko yaba bipedal yaye yaguquka yayi Homo erectus. Ke ukubonakala Homo sapiens , le ngcamango ucacisa imfuneko yokuphucula izixhobo ze kuzingela. Ngoko ke, zonke zontathu iindidi zabantu bamandulo ingqalelo amanqanaba uphuhliso Homo sapiens sapiens, oko kukuthi, ookhokho bethu ngqo.

Noko ke, safumana iintsalela kunye nocazululo carbon, nokumisela iminyaka yabo, niziqhekeze le ngcamango. Umzekelo, amathambo ka Australopithecus, Homo kunye erectus yomhla leminyaka elinye. Kwakhona, iifosili zibonisa ukuba Homo erectus, Neanderthal kunye Cro-Magnon baba ngexesha elinye, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, Bahlala enye ecaleni kwenye. Oku kwenza izazinzulu ukuba bacebise ukuba Homo erectus nje umthintele-isebe izinto zazivelela, Homo sapiens kwavela ndawo. "Le ikhonkco elingekhoyo" kwi ngendaleko ebangela imvelaphi nguThixo okanye yesiqalo womntu.

Ngubani na yena - eli erectus Homo? Kuba ngqa isidumbu sakhe efumaneka Java ngo-1893, lo nyaka wabiza Pithecanthropus. Emva koko, e China, ngo-1920, umnini we ngamathambo yamandulo egama Sinanthropus - ummeli Chinese lweentlobo. Kamva, oosonzululwazi baye bagqiba ukuba phakathi Chinese, Isi-Javanese wamfumana ngo-1985 e-Narikotome (eMpuma Afrika) amathambo ukuba zininzi izinto esifana, nezidibeneyo ibe iqela 'archanthropines "" bipedal "okanye.

Kukholelwa ukuba kuqala wabonakala kwiminyaka yezigidi 1,65 eyadlulayo e-Afrika. Ngaphezu amabini anamanci amawaka eminyaka lithe laqhenqetha ngokusebenzisa babeziindleko ezinkulu Eurasia, ifikelele Greater Sunda Islands, ingakumbi, Java. Homo erectus, xa kuthelekiswa ne ngobuchule kubonisa omkhulu, sitsibe revolution ngokwenene kuphuhliso. Asebenzise umlilo, lo mongameli zokuhlala abangekaphuhli kunye nempahla. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, yintoni wamahlula abantu bamandulo bipedal evela langaphambili (kunye ababephila), yinto yokuba ukuba abazingeli. Homo yaba sisidla. izixhobo ezilungiselelwe ngokuhlaziya amathambo abafileyo okanye babulawe abanye abazingeli izilwanyana. Oku ikakhulu iingqalutye (Olduvai inkcubeko ingqalutye), nto leyo ahlukana nje, wafika wakhetha yi cleavage wamathambo oyingozi.

uhlobo Acheulean kwenkcubeko, leyo wadalwa yi Homo erectus na izixhobo ilitye ephucukileyo ezifuna ukucinga lweendawo kunye ezithile ezidluliselwa ukusuka yinkosi izakhono zabafundi. Skulls Uphando lubonisa ukuba Homo erectus waba ingqondo bulkier kabini kunokuba yokuluka, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe Neanderthal. ukukhula balo sisiqingatha semitha, maxa wambi imitha 80 cm, ubunzima zazisuka ngeekhilogram ezingama-40 ukuya kuma-70. Njengoko le nkawu-amadoda ezingelwa, kwaye kuzingelwa kunye, sithi nasekuthwaseni zentetho yomlomo, nangona abanayo chin.

ukuba lo mntu uhlobo olulodwa erectus, okanye nje 'uhlanga'? Nokuba yena wayekwazi ungazizekisi nokuvelisa inzala kunye lilonke habilis Homo okanye Neanderthal? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iintsalela apho oludibanisa iimpawu ezi iintlanga ezintathu okanye iintlobo andiyifumananga. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ke ezi zidalwa ezikrelekrele abuzange buqhubeke Glaciation Omkhulu. Sele 20 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo yaye Pithecanthropus, kwaye Bamandulo Phaya bayinzala kwibala zembali. Xa glacier lweMedia, ehlabathini kukho enye kuphela yabantu - Homo sapiens sapiens.