EEA: ukusekwa, inxaxheba kunye nobudlelwane kunye EurAsEC

Economic Area European (EEA) yasekwa ngo-1990. Ingcamango wokuhlanganisa Europe ngokoqobo emoyeni neengqondo aziwayo ezopolitiko ixesha ukusukela 1920. Uthotho kongquzulwano watyhala indalo yeNgxowa-Union kuqoqosho ixesha kunokuba elide. Kodwa iinkqubo ezisingise kwindibano ngeendlela ezininzi nangakumbi ngoko nangoko emva kokuba Second World War. Namhlanje, i-EEA licandelo eyahlukileyo kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini, kodwa elingezantsi EurAsEC (yaseYurophu Economic Community) ngeendlela ezininzi.

Imbali ukuyilwa i union kwezoqoqosho

Ukudalwa i-European Economic Area linxibelelene kakhulu ngexesha lokusekwa European Union liphela. imfundo EU ngokusemthethweni ikhontrakthi ukunyanzeliswa ngokwasemthethweni ka 1992. Kodwa nokudalwa European Union kunye Economic Area kwakhokelwa imibutho eliqela eyahlukahlukeneyo kunye iimanyano iikhonsepthi evakaliswe aziwayo ezopolitiko, kwezentlalo noqoqosho benkulungwane yokuqala oluphakathi omabini.

Ngoko, kwi 1920 ekuqaleni koonondaba German kuvela amagama "United States of Europe." Emva konyaka, sobulumko Austria, wakhuthaza ukusekwa umbutho ipani-Europe, kwaye enye abalungiseleli abaphezulu eFrance ngo-1929, imema abemi kunye nezixhobo karhulumente ukuba sibumbane yaseYurophu Federal Union.

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, omnye emva komnye, kukho ubuhlobo amatsha kunye nemibutho: I intshukumo ukuba iYurophu enobunye, i-European Iintlawulo Union kunye European Union, Euratom, i-European Free Trade Association kunye Community European Economic, ezo izandulela soMthetho wezeNgqesho yooTitshala mihla. Kwangaxeshanye, yonke imibutho ayinanto yakwenza omnye komnye, akukho namnye kubo munye onke amazwe aseYurophu.

Yiza inkqubo eqhelekileyo ephethwe kancinane emva koko, kodwa wayengafezekanga. Yi minyaka 60 th ka Yuruphu United yi kwimarike efanayo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo wezolimo, uze uqhubeke ukuba ukuyilwa kwento kwiqembu lemali kunye litsha koqoqosho kwizangqa aphezulu. Izicwangciso abezopolitiko namabhongo, kodwa mzuzu EEA nangoku awayontlangano nempembelelo ngoko ebusa zonke iinkalo ubudlelane entsimini kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamazwe athatha inxaxheba.

Imisebenzi ye-EEA kunye namazwe inxaxheba

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-European Economic Area ali-28 amazwe EU, kunye eNorway, Liechtenstein kunye Iceland - abathathu ezine (+ Switzerland) Ilungu le-European Free Trade Association. Switzerland asiyiyo inxalenye EEA ngokusemthethweni, kodwa kwilizwe elithile onke amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi lilungu lombutho "Economic Area European". amazwe inxaxheba kwakhona yongezwe San Marino, Andorra, Monaco kunye Vatican, apho de jure ayikho amaqela Union, kodwa eneneni ke ngenxa unxulumano kunye eSpeyin, Italy kunye France ise-EEA. Uluhlu nxaxheba unenzondelelo utshintsho kancinci ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo mbutho ngowe-1992 kunye nasekuqaleni kanye umsebenzi 1994

Ngaloo ndlela European Economic Area iquka kumalungu ayo;

• amazwe EU: Great Britain, Greece, eJamani, Austria, Hungary, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Spain, naseSipro, Luxembourg, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, eNetherlands, ePortugal, Poland, Romania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Slovenia, France, Finland , Croatia, i-Czech Republic Sweden;
• ezintathu States Free Trade Association: eNorway, Liechtenstein ne Iceland;
• Andorra, Vatican, Monaco and San Marino, ezifakwe kwi-EEA ngokwendawo, banawo amalungelo nezibophelelo States ilungu (ngaphandle ilungelo labemi kula mazwe ukuba ukusebenza kwamanye amazwe EU).

Umbutho ijolise ekusekeni nokugcina imarike eziqhelekileyo obonelela: urhwebo simahla kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo, intshukumo simahla eyinkunzi kunye nezibonelelo zemali (kuquka abasebenzi). Umthetho we-European Economic Area inikwa ukuya jikelele kwimiba bume, urhwebo, inkqubo zentlalo, ukulawula umsebenzi abantu zomthetho kunye bendalo, ukugcina izibalo.

EEA amazwe neRashiya, yaseYurophu Economic Community

European Economic Area ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela ukuze kwakhiwe adidiyelwe ngaphantsi eEC ngokudibene ne-Customs Union kunye United nentsebenziswano CAC (kumazwe Central Asia).

Inkululeko yezoqoqosho intsebenziswano kunye kwasekwayo unxulumano urhwebo phakathi kwamaqela - le njongo, nto leyo ibeka European Economic Area. Russia e umfelandawonye Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan kunye Uzbekistan (kwisithuba ukususela ku-2006 ukuya ku-2008), kwakunye abakhe umkhanyo, nto leyo maxa wambi ezahlukene Ukraine, Moldova ne eArmenia, yenza imida amasiko aqhelekileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa iirhafu aqhelekileyo, amaxabiso nkqubo amazwe kwezoqoqosho.

EurAsEC ithuba elibanzi omkhulu European Economic Area. Ingakumbi nkulumo isebenza izinto, imithombo yendalo kunye factor yezibalo. Amathuba ukuze uphuhliso olunokubakho yaseYurophu Community lezoQoqosho Customs Union, kwakunye United nokubambisana CAC kakhulu banethemba ngaphezulu kunabo ukubona ikamva mbutho yaseYurophu. European Economic Area luhlobo evaliweyo, lo gama i-eEC - kumbutho evulekileyo, nto leyo umdla yamazwe amaninzi (hayi kuphela lalisakuba yiSoviet Union).