Nginx: Cwangcisa kunye nokufakwa

Yintoni Apache, nginx? Injongo, iimpawu, iinketho ulwenziwo - Zizo ezo izinto zonke developer web kufuneka ibe yeqhelekileyo ukuvavanya izinto zabo.

Malunga nginx Yithi iLizwi

Esi sixhobo iye lokuqhutywa komsebenzi omnye ezingundoqo eziliqela. KwiVangeli ebhalwe nguye ubalisa zokufunda kunye nokuqinisekiswa uqwalaselo. Kwakhona phantsi kolawulo lwayo ukuphathwa komsebenzi. Ingxaki elidlulileyo - yokusingatha izicelo angenayo. Umfuziselo ukusetyenziswa nginx olusekelwe phezu iziganeko. IiNdlela nazo kusetyenziswa, nedlela yokusebenza ukuze kuphunyezwe izicelo ulwabiwo kakuhle ngqo phakathi kweenkqubo umsebenzi lo. Inani labo lisoloko kubonisiwe yoqwalaselo lwefayile. Ixabiso lingaba nokuba esisigxina okanye olucwangcisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ekhokelwa yi inani umphakathi iprosesa na abazakuphathwa. Kuqwalaselo nginx kwenkqubo kunye neemodyuli ikhutshwa phandle usebenzisa yoqwalaselo lwefayile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha into, kufuneka ukhangele ngenxa yegama lakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kumyalelo / etc / nginx (kodwa indlela ingahluka kunye nezinye iinkqubo) kwaye kukho ulwandiso .conf.

Qala, qala, nomlinganiselo weloge

Ukuze wenze oku, umele wenza i ephunyeziweyo libalekela kulo. Kulungiselelwa nginx-server kunokwenzeka kuphela luqalwe ngaso. Management yenziwa Bulelani ukutsalela ephunyeziweyo kunye parameter -s. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

nginx -s uphawu

Kulo mzekelo, u lingatshintsha le imiyalelo ilandelayo (kufuneka eze kuvela kumsebenzisi ukuthi umkhankaso isixhobo):

1. Misa. Isetyenziswa zivalwe fast.
2. Layisha. Iqela kwakufuneka ukulayisha kwakhona uqwalaselo lwefayile. Inyaniso kukuba naluphi na utshintsho ayisebenzi kude ifayile isebenza. Kwaye ukuze ukuthatha isiphumo, kukho kwakhona kuyimfuneko. Emva nje kokuba le umqondiso, inkqubo eyintloko iqala ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka icandelo syntactic soqwalaselo lohlobo lwefayile uzame ukusebenzisa ukhokelo ezikhoyo apho. Kwimeko ukungaphumeleli, kuya buyisela emva utshintsho kwaye uza kusebenzisana endala parameters. Ukuba yonke into yimpumelelo, kuya kusungula kwemisebenzi emitsha, kwaye iya endala kuthunyelwa ekupheleni imfuno.
3. Yekani. Isetyenziswa ukugqitywa kakuhle umsebenzi. Oku kusetyenziswa xa ufuna ukulinda de izicelo yangoku ugqibile zigcinwa.
4. Vula. iifayile log Vala nevulelekileyo.

ukusebenzisa eziluncedo

iinkqubo Ukuzibekela nayo iya kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa Unix uhlobo (eluncedo wawubulala kuya kuxoxwa njengomzekelo). Ludla ukusebenzisa i ukuthumela uphawu ngqo idatha kwinkqubo. Bona ezinxulumene ngokusebenzisa ID. Le data lugcinwe kwifayile nginx.pid. Makhe sicinge ukuba asinamdla kwinkqubo №134 na. Emva koko, ngokuba kokugqitywa kakuhle isidingo sokuba uthumele kuthi ulwazi kulandelayo:

ukubulala -s ukuyeka 1628

Makhe sicinge ukuba sifuna ukubona uluhlu lwazo zonke iifayile ezivulekileyo. Senza ukusebenzisa ps eluncedo. Kananjalo iqela liya kukhangela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

ps -ax | grep nginx

Oko kukuthi, njengokuba ubona, ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zibonisa ukuba iya isicelo yayo. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele indlela azenzile nginx-uqwalaselo.

Ubume soqwalaselo lohlobo lwefayile

Lokufaka kunye nokuqwalasela nginx iquka ukusebenza kunye neemodyuli. Bona iqwalaselwe usebenzisa imiyalelo leyo axeliwe yoqwalaselo lwefayile. Iiplastiki elula okanye ibhloko. Uhlobo lokuqala iqulathe imiyalelo kunye parameters, ezo ezahlulwe ngezithuba, yaye isiphelo sawo luboniswa semicolon - (;). Le Ibloko isakhiwo efanayo. Kodwa endaweni yale ukuvalwa myalelo ibekwe iseti olongezelelweyo imiyalelo ibekwa kwizibiyeli olugobileyo ({} imiyalelo). Ukuba Ungathumela amagama kunye nezinye iparameters zenkqubo, zibizwa ngokuba izakhiwo ezinjalo kufuneka umxholo. Ngokomzekelo, http, indawo kunye umncedisi.

Ukusasazwa Umxholo static

Lo ngomnye wemingeni ebalulekileyo ejongene uqwalaselo nginx. Phantsi ukwabiwa manani le ngxam imifanekiso kwakuthetha kwaye HTML-amaphepha (hayi onamandla). Masithi kufuneka umsebenzi eyodwa xa kwakumiselwa nginx cluster nix. Ngaba kunzima ukwenza njalo? Hayi, makhe sijonge umzekelo. Ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba iinkcukacha nemiqathango ngxaki. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke isicelo, iifayile baya kuza bevela kubalawuli bobulali ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko, kwi / data / www esinayo HTML-amaxwebhu. Kwaye weefayili / data / imifanekiso equlathe imifanekiso. Iqondo eliphezulu setting nginx kulo mzekelo kufuna ukuhlela uqwalaselo lwefayile, ekufuneka ungaqwalasela iyunithi umncedisi ngaphakathi http. Ukuxhasa ezimbini ziya kusetyenziswa indawo.

Implementation: server

Ngoko ke, kuqala kufuneka ukudala beefayili kwaye abazibeka ifayile ekufuneka ukwandisa (in html kufuneka yongeza isiqulatho). Emva koko ukuvula uqwalaselo lwefayile. Kulo umncedisi ongagqibekanga sele iibloko eziliqela, nto leyo nxalenye inkoliso izimvo ngaphandle. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo egqibeleleyo, le nkqubo kufuneka ukuba yenziwe ngokubhekiselele onke amacandelo ngokwendalo. Emva koko faka i iyunithi umncedisi omtsha usebenzisa le khowudi:

http {

iseva {

}

}

Ifayile yoqwalaselo bangasebenza iibhloko ezinjalo. Kodwa kufuneka azakubalulwa amagama abo kunye namazibuko apho data ifunyanwa.

Implementation: indawo

Sicaca iseva:

indawo / {

root / data / www;

}

Ubukho umqondiso "/" kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa idata ifunyenwe ubone enoba kukho idilesi kususela isicelo siqwalaselwe apha. Ukuba akukho ngxaki, uze ucacise indlela / data / www kwifayile efunekayo iqhele kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni. Ukuba kukho umdlalo kunye neebhloko ezimbalwa, ngoko khetha omnye isimaphambili elide. Kulo mzekelo, ubude ilingana nye, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa iya kuba kuphela xa kuthe ukuba akukho "ukhuphiswano". Ngoku, makhe kuyo ziza kugqitywa:

indawo / imifanekiso / {

ingcambu / data;

}

Njani ukuchonga, sijonge ukuba umfanekiso. Ngoku, makhe hlanganisa zonke izinto ezibe ngaphambili, kwaye uqwalaselo ngeli xesha na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

iseva {

indawo / {

root / data / www;

}

indawo / imifanekiso / {

ingcambu / data;

}

}

Olu luguqulelo ukusebenza loo mzekelo, umgangatho izibuko №80. Le umncedisi ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki kufumaneka kwi computer yakho, ukuba uye kule dilesi: http: // localhost /. ntoni oku ukusebenza yonke njani?

Umgaqo nokusebenza umzekelo

Ngoko, xa banendawo, beza imibuzo eziqala / imifanekiso, umncedisi we ehambelana iifayile kulawulo ziya kuthunyelwa umsebenzisi. Xa engekho uya kunikwa ingcaciso ebonisa isiphoso 404. Ukuba wenziwe nginx uqwalaselo kwi computer wendawo, ngoko isicelo http: //localhost/images/example.png siya kufumana Ifayile /data/images/example.png indawo. Xa ukhankanye i "/" isimboli uphendlo ziya kuqhutywa weefayili / data / www. Kodwa siye satshintsha nje uqwalaselo. Uqala ukusebenza, kufuneka uqale. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa nginx -s kwakhona. Kwimeko apho umsebenzi oqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka, kwi access.log neefayile error.log ibekwe kumyalelo / usr / local / nginx / iinkuni, ungakhangela unobangela nandzu.

Ukudala iseva elula proxy

Kunokuthiwa malunga nginx - uqwalaselo kwale ndawo yenye kwezicelo ziqhelekileyo (nakakuhle lula, endleleni). Isebenzisa umgaqo womncedisi elifumana isicelo, uze emva koko nokujikwa ukuba kwiindawo eziyimfuneko. Emva koko, impendulo kulindeleke kubo, ethumela ukuba lowo ukuseta umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge umzekelo ngokudala indawo esisiseko. Iya kusingatha izicelo abasebenzisi nkonzo 'uze ubanike umfanekiso ukusuka kulawulo yasekuhlaleni. Ngoko ke, ukuvimbela http ongeze omnye umncedisi okuqulathwe ilandelayo:

iseva {

lalela 8080;

ingcambu / data / up1;

indawo / {

}

}

Ngoku, makhe ukuwuqonda kuwe: ngokudala iseva elula. Uya kuyiphulaphula zibuko 8080 akanayo ukuphulaphula, ngoko ke umncedisi uya kuqala ngomhla wama-80. Elizakuboniswa zonke izicelo kwinkqubo ifayile yobulali ukuba ibhekiswe ku lawulo / data / up1 (Kakade ke, ngaphambili, ukuba kuya kuba yimfuneko ukwenza oko). Ukuze ukwazi ukujonga kuyimfuneko ukubeka ifayile index.html. Ngenxa yokubekwa imiyalelo kwimeko ingcambu umncedisi singakwazi ukusebenzisa indawo ngawo onke amaxesha (ngokuba utsho izithintelo ukufikelela ezisusiweyo). Ngoku sisebenzela ukwenza proxy. Kuba ukuba isebenze, kufuneka umyalelo proxy_pass; ngokuba apho uya Igama protocol, kwaye iziko izibuko njenge parameters (kuba uxhulumaniso elobulali iza kukhangeleka ngathi http: // localhost: 8080). Fumana lokhu:

iseva {

indawo / {

proxy_pass http: // localhost: 8080;

}

indawo / imifanekiso / {

ingcambu / data;

}

}

Ukuba ujonga ikhowudi uhlalutye oko, ukuze uqaphele ukuba iyunithi indawo yesibini litshintshiwe. Ngoko ke, kule meko, oku ukusebenza neyayo izandiso imifanekiso. A ezahlukeneyo encinane, oko kuboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

indawo ~ \ (gif | jpg | png) $ {.

ingcambu / data / imifanekiso;

}

Uqwalaselo proxy yokugqibela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

iseva {

indawo / {

proxy_pass http: // localhost: 8080 /;

}

indawo ~ \ (gif | jpg | png) $ {.

ingcambu / data / imifanekiso;

}

}

Iza coca ulwelo ngaphandle izicelo ekupheleni apho kukho ezi izandiso uthumele ukuba umntu lowo wacela iifayile. Musa ukulibala ukuba kuya kufuneka iqale ukuba ufuna ukukhangela yoqwalaselo lwefayile. Kwaye kholwa ndim, ukuba nje nginx-uqwalaselo. Ukuba uvula uqwalaselo "Vkontakte" Iseva ifayile okanye enye inkampani enkulu, baya kuba ikhowudi ngaphezu amagama kweli nqaku.