Usuku lomkhwa: iingcamango malunga neeholide

Usuku lwekhemistri liholide elingaziwa kuphela kwiibonda ezincinci zeengcali, kodwa nakwiindawo ezibanzi. Emva koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, iyakuthandwa kakhulu. Kwimiba emininzi le nto ngenxa yezithethe zayo ezizukileyo, ezithi zifumana into entsha ngonyaka.

Ukuba uhlalutya ngokujulile kwiindawo ezinzulu zembali, ukhumbule ukuba ngokokuqala ngethuba le holide yavela kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State ebizwa ngokuba yiLomonosov. Okokuthi, kwakuyimini yechemist kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State. Ukususela ekuqaleni kokukhokelela kwinto enomdla kunye neyokukhohlisa. Unyaka ngamnye, umhla wekhemikhali unyanzelekile ngaphantsi komqondiso wezinto ezilandelayo zeekhemikhali, ezichazwe kwinkqubo yexesha leMendeleyev. Okokuthi, iholide yokuqala yayiqhutywe phantsi kweyimboli ye-hydrogen. Ngendlela, amakhemikhali abhiyozela imini yabo ngeCawa yokugqibela ngoMeyi.

Yintoni echaphazelekayo ngexesha lokusekwa ngokusemthethweni kweholide - lo ngo-Meyi 10, 1965. Lo ngumyalelo we-Presidium ye- Supreme Soviet yase-USSR. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, abantu bokuqala abagqiba ukubhiyozela iholide babe ngabantu abavela kwisebe le-chemistry yaseMoscow State University. Kamva, ezinye iikoyunivesithi zelizwe zazibandakanya nazo. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka ukuba abanye babo abazange baqaphele ngeCawa yokugqibela ngoMeyi njengeholide yabo yobugcisa. Ngaloo ndlela, eSt. Petersburg, usuku lomthi wamakhempeli lugujwa ngoMgqibelo wokuqala we-Epreli, kodwa eKharkov lwenzeka ngeCawa yokugqibela ngo-Ephreli. EDonetsk kugqitywe isigubho sokubhiyozela le holide ngoLwesihlanu wokugqibela kaMeyi. Kwaye kunye nezinye izixhobo zamakhemikhali eMoscow zithi iholide yabo yezobugcisa iwele ngomhla wesibini weeMeyi ngempelasonto. Kwaye e-Minsk ngo-3-4 Meyi ngeveki. Ngokubanzi, akukho nto iqinisekileyo ekuxazululeni le ngxaki.

Kwaye ke, imini yechemist iyabandakanya bonke abasebenzi kwichishini likhemikhali. Kubandakanya oku kusebenza kubafundi, abafundi abaphumelele, ootitshala kunye njalo.

Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukuba kuqaphele ukuba i-chemistry yenziwe ngokusemthethweni njengesayensi ngo-1961. Ngalo nyaka unomfundi wase-Ireland uRobert Boyle wapapasha incwadi yakhe ethi The Skeptical Chemist. Ngaloo xesha, wabonisa ngentshiseko uluvo lwakhe malunga nokuba yintoni i-chemistry. Emva koko uBoyle wachaza i-chemistry njengenkqubo yokufunda ukubunjwa kwazo zonke izinto ezikhoyo kunye nenkqubo yokufuna izinto ezintsha. Kodwa ngokokuqala ngqa igama elithi "chemistry" laqaliswa yi-astronomer yaseFransi uFirmik, kwaye kwenzeka ngo-336 AD.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba umhla wekhemistri ngeSonto lokugqibela ngoMeyi, ngaphezu kweRashiya, ugubha eByelorussia, eUkraine naseKazakhstan.

Ngokubhekisele kwimibhiyozo ngokwawo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba umakhemikhali uzama ukulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo iholide yakhe yezobugcisa - ezi ziimpawu ezithakazelisayo, imincintiswano, imidlalo. Eyaziwayo kakhulu ngomhla wekhemikhali kukuvuyisana, enombala ohlekisayo. Ewe, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, unyaka ngalunye udlula ngaphantsi komqondiso wesinye sezixhobo zamakhemikhali ezimele kwinkqubo yexesha, ukwenzela ukuba iholide yonke ivuke "ijikeleze" malunga nento elandelayo. Ngomqondo, kufana nokubhiyozela uNyaka omtsha phantsi kwesimboli sesilwanyana esithile.