Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile ka Pushkin. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Pushkin

Ubuchule Russian genius zoncwadi A. S. Pushkina mkhulu yaye akukho mda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ngqondweni. Emfutshane ngokwezibalo itafile Pushkin, Kakade ke, andithi sonke kufanelekile. Yena kucingwa umseki zale mihla Russian. Umbhali, imbongi, ukubalisa wemidlalo Pushkin ukuthanda ukufunda izigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke. sele kudala kudlule ixesha Pushkin kaThixo. Kodwa ilifa yakhe yokudala usahlala ubomi bakhe zoncwadi eqongeni kunye movie, ephethe intsingiselo enzulu bulumko ngokundizobela luvula ngamnye ngendlela yayo, kwada kwesa imfundo noqeqesho, kunye nophuhliso yokuziphatha nangokomoya.

nemvelaphi Pushkin

Ukuze uqonde umbono ngokuyilayo ombambazelayo mood A. S. Pushkina, kufuneka uqale uhlole ngobomi bakhe ukuba waba ovuthuzayo kakhulu umdla. Ngokwezibalo itheyibhile Pushkin (yobomi bakhe kwaye nasemsebenzini) iqulethe eninzi imihla ebalulekileyo. Kwixesha elifutshane ubomi ngaso kuye, wakwazi ngonaphakade shiya i memory ezingqondweni yena, ngenxa imisebenzi yakhe ukungafi.

Great-umkhulu le mbongi ukuba uAbram Petrovich ithawula - Negro meleki umKushi, owayemele kunye nokutya kweekati Tsar Peter I, owaba jikelele odumileyo yomkhosi Russian neentloko zezindlu engineer emkhosini.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba A. S. Pushkin uyinzala zohlobo amanene kodwa abahlwempuzekileyo amaxesha endala Ioanna Groznogo. Sergey Lvovich Pushkin - umzali mbongi - yaba Major umhlala-phantsi, abo ukuba uzekile lady uluntu Hope Osipovna, nee ithawula. umtshato wabo ingqalelo misalliance, njengoko waba mkhulu umahluko ubudala.

Unina Pushkin yaba kakhulu-nomtshana indoda yakhe, Sergeyu Lvovichu. Baye satshata ngo-1796. umtshato wabo womelela ngokwaneleyo. Ke kwakukho abantwana abasibhozo, kodwa ezihlanu kuzo wafa ezelwe. Bekukho kuphela Olga, Alesandire Leo, abo benza kwimfundo badla luthathelwa tutors amazwe.

Ebuntwaneni Pushkin, 1799-1811

Le nkwenkwe, lowo kuthiwa Alexander, wazalwa ngo-1799, Meyi 26 (ngokutsho ikhalenda entsha, Juni 6). Ke abazali bakhe babehlala e Moscow, ezitratweni ye-German endlwini Skvortsova. Inkwenkwe wakhula eliphezulu-ngomoya nangokudlalayo, uthando nje ngumakhulu wam, Gannibal uMariya Alekseevna, apho wayesoloko wahlala kwi ipoma Zakharov. Waba wokuqala kukwayamanisa umzukulwana wakhe ukuba ukufunda nokubhala kwaye uxelele amabali legends entsapho. Umhlobo wakhe yesibini kakuhle nomncedisi ongumSuthu yakhe ayithandayo, Arina. Yena owafaka buchopho uthando encinane lwemveli Russian elizayo.

Sele iminyaka elithoba Pushkin wayeqhelene kwithala kayise waza waba nomdla wokufunda imisebenzi neembongi adumileyo kunye nababhali ezifana kaHomer, uVoltaire, Plutarch, njalo njalo. D. yeempembelelo ngokwasemisebenzini Moliere, wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala isiFrentshi, ezama italente lakhe belingekafiki ziyachazwa e versification Russian.

Lyceum, 1811-1817

Xa ekwindla ka-1811 Pushkin ababhaliswe kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, i-Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum abantwana yezikhulu. Kulapha Pushkin wambumba isimo sengqondo kunye lwezopolitiko iinkolelo zabo, uyabonakala ukuba imbongi omkhulu. Wayeba lyrical kwakugcwele uvuyo nemihlali. Iqala kwi Lyceum uyipheke lwesihobe real ubomi Pushkin bakhe.

Wabhala malunga 130 imihobe, kuquka "The Window", "Ukuba umhlobo imbongi", "Ngumnqweno", kunye nabanye. Ulwimi lokuqala kunye nokusebenziseka le ntetho eziphuma nemibongo yakhe imisebenzi kwezinye iimbongi abaselula lwanamhlanje. Umgxeki VG Belinsky sele sibonile kuye makings yokuba Imbongi yesizwe elizayo. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe Lyceum Pushkin usiwe kwisangqa boncwadi "Arzamas", epapashwe kwiphephancwadi "Russian Muzeum" waza waqalisa umbongo "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila".

Pushkin and Derzhavin 1815

itheyibhile Pushkin ngokulandelana iqulethe esinye isiganeko umdla yaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba imbongi, aya kuba kwaoko wakhumbula memoirs zakhe. Ngenye imini ngoJanuwari 1815, kule Lyceum kwi uluntu baya uviwo yayisele indala kakhulu Derzhavin. Bonke abafundi Lyceum Ndandisoyika kakhulu phambi komsebenzi. Xa Pushkin waya ukufunda umbongo wakhe "Memoirs e Tsarskoye Selo" Derzhavin nangoko lwaba noopopayi kakhulu, amehlo akhe yabengezela. Pushkin waya kuloo ndawo, ekhankanya igama Derzhavin, ilizwi lakhe acula, waza waqalisa intliziyo yakhe ngenxa yaso. Xa ke akugqiba, Derzhavin ziwenze kwaye wayesoloko efuna ukuba bamkele umntwana enesiphiwo, kodwa Pushkin osindileyo, koko nje oko akayifumana.

Ehlotyeni abafundi lyceum 1817 Kwathi iimviwo zokugqibela. Kufuneka Ngokuqinisekileyo kukhankanywe ukuba ngoko abafundi nabo eziliqela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo zithathe inxaxheba kwimvukelo Decembrist ngo-1825. Emva kokukhululwa webali zabantu Pushkin lizingenisela ijika entsha, kwaye imbongi iqala ubomi umdla ozimeleyo.

Petersburg impilo, 1817-1820

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuphuma Lyceum, Pushkin eSt Petersburg wangena kukhonza kwi State College of Foreign Affairs. Kukho ubomi imbongi uya kuzaliswa akumnandi kuphela yaye lomse-, uya kuzibonakalisa Kusenjalo oluqhubela phambili ubuzwe, nemibono kunye izimo, lona lwahlalayo ngexesha zolutsha yeengcungcu. Wayeza ubhale ode yakhe edumileyo "Inkululeko", lo mbongo "Ukuze Chaadaev", "The Village" kunye T. D. Pushkin isiba ethandwa kakhulu kwaye kakuhle eyaziwa ubuntu kwizangqa yehlabathi, imibongo zakhe zezopolitiko kubangela umdla wokwenene phakathi kuluntu. Kuba lo nguye ihlawulwe. Tsar Alexander Ndifuna ukuthumela Pushkin elubhacweni eSiberia. Kodwa ke bambongozayo ka Zhukovsky kunye Karamzin ugcine imbongi ngokungenaloyiko kulo isohlwayo esiqatha, waza wathumela ukuba bakhonze eCaucasus.

South link, 1820-1822

Ekuqaleni wayehlala eCaucasus, emva koko waya eCrimea, Kishinev, Odessa. Kule minyaka elubhacweni emazantsi, yena ucinga kakhulu kunye nomsebenzi ngokunzima ngemisebenzi odumileyo ezifana 'mbanjwa eCaucasus "yaye" The Fountain of Bakhchisarai ". Ngelo xesha wabhala lumo wombongo "Gabrieliad" ukubetha ibali yeVangeli oyiNgcwele, yintoni ke uya kuzisola ngenxa yobomi. Kodwa ke, kukho abaselula eshushu, kwaba sekunjalo kude kakhulu kuwo, njengoko e Chisinau wazibandakanya nendawo eyayihlala Masonic.

Ikhonkco e St Michael, 1824-1825

Kuba inxaxheba Freemasonry, leyo Alexander I wakhupha umthetho wayesalela Agasti 1, 1822, A. S. Pushkina wathumela phantsi indlu ukubanjwa kwilali Mikhailovskoye estate nentsapho yakhe kufuphi Pskov. Emva futhi enomsindo ubomi Odessa Pushkin litshintshile, noko amnye ebantwini lyrics waba buhlungu gqitha yaye imbobo khona. art kuphela waba usindiso lwakhe waza waqhubeka amandla. Wachitha phantse iminyaka emibini. Nanny Arina kusihlwa bamkela amabali akhe. Ubomi bakhe ndililolo wonwaba waza uhambo ukuya ummelwane-mhlaba Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, apho wadibana kanye ngempazamo Anna Kern, yanikezelwa vesi lakhe kamva ukuba "Ndikhumbula umzuzu emangalisayo."

Ngo-Michael, waqala ukusebenza kwi drama zembali "Boris Godunov", ngokufuthi uhambela ithala leencwadi Svyatogorsk oyiNgcwele Dormition Monastery, ethetha lendela, ukutshintsha iimbono zakhe kunye nobomi base Moyeni. Ukusuka usiba yakhe "Eugene Onegin" kunye umbongo "Gypsies". Ngoko ke abathinjwa bahamba iminyaka Pushkin.

Wedding ne okuphendula Goncharova

Pushkin, eliganelwe Goncharova, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bahambe e Boldin ukulungisa amatyala abo lilifa, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba bahlale apho iinyanga ezintathu. Ukubaleka neengcinga udakumbile, usebenza nzima yaye imisebenzi nentsomi odumileyo "Little Ziintlekele", "Tales ka emva kwexesha Ivana Vasilevicha Belkina", ngaphandle apho namhlanje kubhaliweyo lee na umbhali biography of Pushkin.

itheyibhile lwamaxesha ezibekwe ngezantsi, engahlawulwanga ingqalelo into ebalulekileyo eMoscow ngoFebruwari 1831 A. S. Pushkin isithsaba uNatalie Goncharova. Umtshato naye waba kuye esibulalayo ngokwenene, yaye wazisa zombini nolonwabo kunye nosizi ngaye. Umfazi wakhe wayemhle ukuze kube amanenekazi enkundleni, kodwa ke iingangamsha kakhulu zodidi crazy kuphela.

I intsapho Pushkin wayenabantwana abane. Emva koko wasebenza kwinkundla Tsar Nicholas I-nene igumbi lokulala. Kodwa eli isikhundla lisezantsi yezikhulu, lowo imthobile isidima wembongi. Akukho mali yaneleyo, ngoko ke intsapho amatyala besakhula, kwaye konke oku buthathaka Pushkin. Ngeli xesha wabhala amabali amafutshane, "Owona Mchako Spades", "I Bronze abamahashe", inoveli "Dubrovsky", leyo ugqitywe babengenalo ixesha.

Emva kwexeshana ibhatyi, esebenza nzima kumathala karhulumente yaye wayefuna ukuba abhale Pugachev, idala "Contemporary" iphephancwadi, apho uN V. Gogol eziprintiweyo, AI Turgenev, VA Zhukovsky, kodwa izinto zange ladyatsya.

Kungquzulwano dantes

Pushkin nomfazi wakhe womnatha ngokuthe Opletal of ngamayelenqe kunye ukunyelisa, njengokuba ucingisise oselula engumFrentshi dantes akazange avumele sicatshulwa Natalia Goncharova. Ke Pushkin, akhusela ubuqaqawuli umfazi wakhe kunye nosapho lwakhe, yanyanzeleka nje ezimbini zokucwangcisa dantes kwinkxalabo zabanjwa January 27, 1837. Le zokucwangcisa A. S. Pushkin waye ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo. Emva kweentsuku ezimbini eSt Petersburg, wafa evela iingqaqambo buhlungu kunye nosuleleko kwegazi, kwimizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe asibubudlelane umbingeleli Orthodox.

Februwari 6 1937, wangcwatywa kumangcwaba oyiNgcwele Dormition Monastery, nto leyo iqhele-5 km ukusuka kwilifa kusapho imbongi, kwilali kummandla Mikhailovskoye Pskov.

Nantsi ke - elihle, eqaqambileyo, kodwa elifutshane kakhulu - ubomi ibali Pushkin, imbongi omkhulu Russian. Ngoku ababephila ngayo bazisole kuphela ukuba njalo ekuseni kwaye ndlela ebuhlungu yaphela ubomi bakhe.

Emfutshane ngokwezibalo itheyibhile yobomi Pushkin bakhe

Life A. S. Pushkina waba dazzlingly eziqaqambileyo igcwaliswe. Kodwa hayi sonwabe xa sithanda. Le theyibhile lwamaxesha Pushkin iqulethe kuphela inxalenye encinane zeziganeko kwafuneka anyamezele imbongi enkulu.