Iintlobo Epic iincwadi. Imizekelo kunye iimpawu uhlobo Epic

Kuzo zonke zobugcisa, kukho ngokwembali iyantlukwano ngaphakathi, ezinkulu - iindidi zeefayile, kwaye ezi ntlobo ngeentlobo amacandelo amancinane.

iintlobo zoncwadi

Zonke iincwadi wohlulwe ezi ntlobo zilandelayo - amazwi womculo, epics nedrama.

Tubidy got igama layo ukusuka isixhobo somculo - ngofefe. Kumaxesha amandulo umdlalo ku sikhatshwe ukufunda umbongo. A Umzekelo classic - Orpheus.

Epic (ukusuka Epos Greek - sisifundileyo) imbono yesibini. Kwaye konke okungena ibizwa ngokuba ntlobo ibonwe.

Drama (ukusuka idrama Greek) - uhlobo wesithathu.

Kwamandulo kaPlato noAristotle wazama ukungcola uncwadi kwisizukulwana. Lahamba sigwetyelwe nje eli candelo Belinsky.

Kutsha nje kwakhiwa kwaye yahlulwa njengendlela eyahlukileyo (eyesine) efihliweyo kwimboniselo zoncwadi Ukuba kwisininzi iziqwenga ezithile ezahlukeneyo. Yinto - ntlobo ombambazelayo-ibonwe. Ukususela igama kuthetha ukuba uhlobo uyindumasi iye ithathe kwaye uguqulwe ibe amacandelo ngabanye uhlobo lyric.

Imizekelo wena Epos

ngokwayo enkulukazi yohlulwe iintsomi kunye nombhali. Kwaye lo amaqhawe abantu yaba sisandulela lombhali ye lo amaqhawe. Ezo imizekelo genre Epic njenge inoveli, Saga, ibali, ibali, isincoko, inoveli, umbongo intsomi ode neengcinga ezimnandi kunye ukumela epheleleyo uluhlu yoncwadi.

Kuzo zonke iintlobo yesimbo yeqhawe mbaliso zinokuba nomahluko. Kuxhomekeka umntu yomntu lwenziwa inkcazo - umbhali (ibali uxoxwa umntu wesithathu) okanye umlinganiswa wena (ibali uxoxwa ngumntu wokuqala), okanye egameni kombalisi ethile. Xa inkcazo kwi umntu wokuqala, ezinye kunokwenzeka, nathi - umbalisi ukuze babe banye, kusenokubakho eziliqela, okanye kuba umbalisi enemiqathango, ngubani na inxaxheba kwiziganeko ezichazwe.

iimpawu uphawu kwezi ntlobo

Ukuba ibali ivela wesithathu, izakuthatwa ibutho ethile, Eyokuqiqa lencazelo lomcimbi. Ukuba abantu bokuqala okanye ngaphezulu, kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo eziliqela baphathwa kwiziganeko kunye nabalinganiswa umdla (imisebenzi enjalo ezinelungelo kuthiwa).

iimpawu uphawu uhlobo yeqhawe - iyelenqe (ephathelele ukulandelelana kweziganeko), ixesha (kwi uhlobo uyindumasi, iqwalasela ubukho kumgama othile phakathi kweziganeko ezichazwe kunye nenkcazelo ixesha), kunye nendawo. isithuba-ntathu uqinisekiswe inkcazelo amaqhawe ekumeni, ngaphakathi kunye nenkangeleko.

Iimpawu ze uhlobo yeqhawe ubonakala ekukwazini yokugqibela ziquka izinto zombini izibongo (ombambazelayo umva), kunye Drama (omnye, dialogue). genre Epic ezifana ukudibana kunye nabanye.

YeeFom ze genre ibonwe

Ukongeza, kukho ezintathu iintlobo noshowo lo amaqhawe - elikhulu, abaphakathi nabancinane. Abanye uhlobo zoncwadi ubuza avareji, bexela ibali elikhulu, nto leyo equka romance kunye enkulukazi. Kukho inoveli concept yeqhawe. Enye kwenye, ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yokubalisa ibali. Kuxhomekeka ngemiba ephakanyiswe ukuba uqwalaselwe kwinoveli, oko ujonge zembali, kwamnandi, ezintsha, ngokwasengqondweni, kunye nezentlalo nepaki. Kwakhona sibonisa uhlobo yeqhawe. Inani kunye nohlobo kwihlabathi imiba kunye imibuzo, iimpendulo kuyo anganika le fomu ezoncwadi, Belinsky wavumela ukuba bathelekise inoveli kunye amaqhawe ubomi zabucala.

Yi ifomu embindini ubalisa ibali, kwaye ibali, ibali elifutshane, isincoko, ngumntu wasentsomini, umzekeliso kunye bhalo kwenza i ifomu encinane enkulukazi. Yiloo nto ke, iintlobo eziphambili eyindumasi - ". Intloko, kwaye isiqwenga umtya encwadini yobomi" zenoveli, iinoveli namabali amafutshane, ukuhlalutya uncwadi oluphawula nje, ngokulandelelana,

Abameli iintlobo eziphambili neentlobo

Kunye adweliswe ngasentla neentlobo njengalo, njenge umbongo, ibali elifutshane, ngumntu wasentsomini, isincoko, babe neempawu zabo, enika umfundi ukuba ingcamango umxholo othile. Zonke enkulukazi neentlobo zoncwadi azalwa, befikelela kwincopho bafezeke baze bafe. Ngoku namarhe malunga kokufa kwinoveli.

abameli Ezo ntlobo luzayo iifom ezinkulu ezifana na-inoveli, intetho inoveli eyindumasi okanye iziganeko isikali iziganeko ukuboniswa, emele omabini umdla kazwelonke kunye nobomi ngamnye ngokuchasene nentsukaphi kwezi ziganeko.

Epic na umsebenzi omkhulu, umxholo apho sisoloko iingxaki nemibandela zinokubaluleka yesizwe. A ummeli ebalulekileyo olu hlobo lo inoveli "War Noxolo" Tolstoy.

Amacandelo genre ibonwe

Epic i kwimibongo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezingenamsebenzi - "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo") uhlobo, isakhiwo sebali nto leyo edla eyahlulelwe ukuba icengceleza somoya wesizwe kunye nezithethe zakowabo.

Igama elithi "inoveli" livela igama ulwimi apho kokupapashwa imisebenzi yokuqala eshicilelweyo - Romanesque (Roma okanye Roma, apho imisebenzi yapapashwa isiLatin). Iimpawu kwinoveli ingaba eninzi - uhlobo, ukwakheka, ubuciko, zesimbo, aweelwimi kunye kwebali. Yaye ngamnye kubo unika ilungelo ukuthwala imveliso kwiqela elithile. Kukho inoveli kwezentlalo, ukufunda umlinganiswa, yenkcubeko, imbali, ngokwasengqondweni, adventure, umqhubi. Kukho inoveli adventure, kukho IsiNgesi, isiFrentshi, Russian. inoveli Ngokusisiseko - yinto enkulu, ubugcisa, umsebenzi ubukhulu becala neprowuzi ezibhalwe izimiso ezithile kunye nemithetho.

uhlobo Umyinge ibonwe wengcibi

Iimpawu uhlobo ethical "inoveli" akukho nje malunga nobungakanani bomsebenzi, yaye nangona ubizwa ngokuba "inoveli encinane." Eli bali iingozi ngaphantsi kakhulu. Amaninzi sinikezelwa eyodwa siganeko.

Eli bali - iprowuzi umsebenzi encinane ngesimilo-mbaliso, echaza nayiphi na imeko ebomini. Ukusuka iintsomi ngayo imibala eyahlukileyo olusengqiqweni. Ngokutsho kwabanye esibalisayo boncwadi nga ngokuba umsebenzi apho kukho umanyano xesha, izenzo, iziganeko, iindawo kunye nabalinganiswa. Oku konke kubonisa ukuba ibali idla wachaza isiqephu ukuba ithatha indawo uphawu olunye, ngexesha elithile. Of iinkcazelo ecacileyo uhlobo kukho. Ngoko ke, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba eli bali - ligama kwinoveli Russian, leyo okwesihlandlo sokuqala uncwadi Western ngenkulungwane XIII naswona a a mzobo okuncinane uhlobo.

Njengoko uhlobo yoncwadi novella of Boccaccio ezivunyiweyo kwinkulungwane XIV. Oku kubonisa ukuba ibali ibali ubudala emdala kakhulu. Nkqu Pushkin and UNikolai Gogol amanye amabali zibangelwa ibali. Oko kukuthi ngaphezulu okanye ecacileyo ngaphantsi ingqiqo ukuchaza yintoni i "ibali", wabonakala kuncwadi Russian kwi kwinkulungwane XVIII. Kodwa ke imida ezicacileyo phakathi ibali kunye inoveli na, kukuba yokugqibela na ekuqaleni kwayo kwaba ngakumbi ezifana bhalo, oko kukuthi ubomi mfutshane etyeni umzobo. Ezinye iifitsha ezendeleyo kumaXesha Aphakathi, eli bali liye igcinwe kule mini.

Abameli Nguwe ifomu Epos amancinci

Eli bali basoloko bexakaniseka kunye mzobo ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo - ukungabikho kwenkcazelo ecacileyo, kukwaquka ilungelo ukubhala. Okukhona ukuba wabonakala phantse ngaxeshanye. Isincoko - inkcazelo emfutshane into enye. Kule mihla oko ngakumbi ibali documentary malunga isiganeko ngokwenene. Xa isihloko ebonisa azibenzi - ulwandlalo. Amaninzi, izincoko epapashwe kulung - ndaba neemagazini.

Ngenxa isenzeko ngobuninzi kufanele kuphawulwe uhlobo ezifana "iingcinga", zithanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Wabonakala 20 lwekhulu yokugqibela eMelika. Kucingwa ngukhokho Lovecraft. Fantasy - uhlobo fiction uhlobo, ungenandawo akukho esibophelelayo zenzululwazi yaye iquka ngokupheleleyo yamabali.

Abameli "iprozi lyrical"

Njengokuba kutshiwo ngasentla, ezintathu kwisizukulwana boncwadi okwangoku wongezelela yesine, emele ezahlulwe phandle iqela eyahlukileyo ezinjalo iintlobo lyric Epic iincwadi njengoko kumbongo, ballad ingoma. Iimpawu olu hlobo loncwadi kukuzisa ndawonye lwendaba echaza into engamava le zombalisi (ebizwa ngokuba "I 'lyrical). Xa olu hlobo isihloko ubuxoki umongo walo - manyano zibe ibonwe omnye kunye nezinto lyrical. lwendibaniso ezinjalo wabonakala kule ncwadi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, kodwa iqela elahlukileyo le misebenzi bema ngaphandle ngexesha xa waqala kabukhali ukubonisa umdla ubuntu umbalisi - kweli xesha sentimentalism kunye romanticism. uhlobo lyrical-luzayo maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba "iprozi lyrical".

Zonke iintlobo ngeentlobo kunye nezinye iiyunithi zoncwadi ezihlobeneyo kwezinye, ukuqinisekisa ubukho kunye nokuqhuba inkqubo boncwadi.