Ngoobani aba abagwebi? Ukuwathetha awona abaphumeleleyo Nobel Prize

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umntu iba owazuza Prize, nto ifanelwe ngezomkhosi, ukungqina ukuba - le ngcali elililo entsimini yakhe. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha abantu nakukufumana oko, yaye kubonisa ixesha ukuba andikulingene ukuba.

1949 Egas Moniz, amayeza

Xa eyami yezona amabi, iinkqubo zotyando kwimbali amayeza, kunzima zokuzigwebela imivuzo. Kodwa ngowe-1949, i-luvo IsiPhuthukezi Egas Moniz wawongwa ngeMbasa kaNobel Medicine owasungula iwebhlog.

Ugqirha yamba inomngxuma ukhakhayi umguli, yambethe ngenaliti elide, ekuthiwa leukoma, kwaye olusuka nomhlehlo ngokungqalileyo lobuchopho ngathi wire lithathwa. Le buqhinga iye eyothusayo, yaye emva kweminyaka elishumi elinamine, kamva, Moniz wafumana imbasa ngenxa yakhe.

Njengoko yaziwa, iwebhlog akanaso isiphumo enyangayo, kananjalo, yona nto eyoyikekayo.

1973 Genri Kissindzher, World

Kuba baninzi, owayesakuba uNobhala of State Genri Kissindzher akukho ngokunxulumene ehlabathini. Abaninzi bathi kuye mthetho imfazwe, ngubani balungiselela ukuhlasela amaninzi emfihlekweni ngexesha Vietnam War. Kule ncwadi, umbhali uChristopher Hitchens, "Uvavanyo Genri Kissindzhera" ndizilandile nje ingcamango yokuba lo mntu kufuneka kubanjwa "ngenxa yobubi imfazwe, ulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye noluntu kunye Kukwaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka itulo lokubulala, ukubiwa ya nxaniso."

Ufuna imizekelo? Kissinger waba nguvulindlela iziqhushumbisi ofihlakeleyo Cambodia, leyo kuye kwabulawa abantu abamsulwa. Oku kwamnceda lo Chilean General Augusto Pinochet ukutshabalalisa amawaka uso.

Kodwa Kissinger liyifumene Prize Nobel, njengoko ukusebenza sokuyeka umlilo ngexesha Vietnam beMfazwe, apho waphumelela ngoJanuwari 1973. Le mfazwe ayizange iphele de 1975. Kissinger kuthethwano sokuyeka umlilo kunye nayo, yokulungelelanisa ehlasela laseMelika elikomkhulu Vietnam, Hanoi. Uyavuma ukuba waziva dissonance.

1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen, physics

I-Nobel Prize e Physics ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba ophumeleleyo wayetshintshe thile engile yabantu ehlabathini. Nils Gustaf Dalen yanikezelwa yokuphuculwa bakhuliswa iinqanawa.

Ngowe-1912, oosonzululwazi baye basungula vana ilanga Solventil, leyo eyayilawula imali bokukhanya sukube kwindawo iinqanawa. Nalo wayivala le iinqanawa ukuphuma kwelanga kunye kuvuliwe ngokuzenzekelayo ebusuku. Kakade ke, ukusetyenziswa eyongayo amandla kunye nemithombo usoloko wamkelekile, kodwa ayikho eleza elingene ibhaso enjalo.

Ingcamango yokuqala IKomiti ukuya kunikezela ibhaso kuTomas Edison kunye Nikola Tesla. Ingxaki yayikukuba laureates ophakathi kwengxabano zemali, kunye Tesla wala ukuba nenxaxheba kolu khuphiswano. Kunokuba ngokunika omnye okanye abanye, le komiti yagqiba ukuba avuze mfo ceba ubomi onesidima Lighthouse endala.

1994 Yasser Arafat, uxolo

Yasser Arafat i ngabagrogrisi okanye mlweli nkululeko, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kweliphi na icala bathathe ingxabano phakathi ePalestina noSirayeli. Enoba kunjalo, kunzima ukukhanyela ukuba ngeMbasa kaNobel Arafat, wafumana ngo-1994 ngenxa yokuzinikela kwakhe uxolo kuMbindi Mpuma, kubonakala ngaphantsi kwe onomtsalane sizoku lwisana engamashumi amabini embambano kuMbindi Mpuma.

Ngowe-1993, Arafat, kunye Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin kunye noMphathiswa Foreign bakaShimon peres ivelise Ekuphelisweni projekthi, kukuva imfazwe yamaSirayeli namaPalestina. Zonke abathathu bafumana isabelo kwi Nobel Peace Prize kunyaka olandelayo.

Kambe, phantse nangoko kukho isiganeko esothusayo: ngethuba kwitheko lokunikezela amabhaso abo, isosha Israeli ngubani wagxagxanyiswa namabutho yamaSilamsi, udubuleke ngexesha yokusebenza Israel ukuhlangulwa.

1997 Dario fo, Uncwadi

Mhlawumbi, eli xesha le Komiti wayefuna ukwenza into wonke. Kangangexesha elide, umbhali kunye kwinqakwana Italy Pho lidumile kakhulu.

Ukucaphula umgxeki ezoncwadi, ukuba ubonwa "kulula ... upopayi ngokunamathelene- abanetalente." Kodwa kwakutheni woyisa?

Ngokutsho fo yekhasi lobuqu, Michael Earley, mhlawumbi kuba wawukhangeleka engalindelekanga. Ekuqaleni uyangqina ukuba iKomiti zange uvote kuba Rushdie, kungarholwanga Miller kuba 'enokuxelwa kwangaphambili kakhulu, ethandwayo kakhulu. "

1958 uYoshuwa Lederberg, amayeza

Esther Lederberg waba ezinto eziphilayo emangalisayo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba i-Nobel Prize. Wathi kumyeni wakhe, uYoshuwa, ibe yeyona iphuma le mbasa, nangona kwenziwe kweyobunzululwazi kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Noko ke, ngo-1958, yaye kukaEstere umfazi. Ngenxa yoko, yafumana notoriety, yaye wahlala izithunzi.

Ngowe-1958, uEstere noYoshuwa Lederberg wasebenza kwiYunivesithi Wisconsin, apho yena wenza mpumelelo ezininzi ezinkulu zonyango. Okokuqala, wafumana elingena virus phosphate e-coli, nto leyo kwavula indlela isifundo ezinye iintsholongwane, lunzima kakhulu. Ke yena nomyeni wakhe liphuhlise indlela ekuthiwa phindana, apho iintsholongwane azamazama ukusuka elibonakayo kwipleyiti, ebonisa kwezakhi ezifana amelana nemithi. Lo msebenzi ukuphazamisa umjikelo wobomi iintsholongwane obaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso iindlela ezintsha amayeza isibulala-zintsholongwane.

Joshua Lederberg hola Prize Nobel? Mhlawumbi, kodwa ngumfazi wayo hola oko ngakumbi. Kodwa kwenzeka into kwafuneka ukuba kwenzeke, njengokuba umfazi ngaphezu era yakhe.

2009 Barack Obama, ihlabathi

Ngowe-2008, Obama ushintshele leNdlu yeeNgwevu zesithuba lukaMongameli eUnited States. kweenyanga ezisithoba kamva, iKomiti Nobel iye yagqiba ukuba uzamile ukuba ingqalelo ube sisibane ehlabathini, nangona yokuba wayikhupha imikhosi 30,000 ukuya Afghanistan.

Ngokutsho kwiKomiti, yena kuvuzwa "ngemigudu yakhe obungaqhelekanga ukomeleza izingxoxo zamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu." Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umnini-bhaso libaluleke kangaka wawuluLwandle intloko ye-ofisi US ngaphantsi konyaka.

1974 uHarry Martinson, uncwadi

Ngowe-1974, imbongi nombhali Harry Martinson wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel ngo Literature. Bekuya kuba usebenza ukuqaphela ukuba ndazamkela ukuhlala kweli lizwe echanekileyo kunye nobuhlobo nabantu abalungileyo.

Ngokutsho abagxeki, Martinson yaba imbongi kakhulu onovakalelo kwaye yokuqala nesizukulwana sakhe. Kuqala kwinto zonke, wayebalasele yi ngobuciko obukhulu zayo zolwimi. Kodwa ke ingxaki yayikukuba ngaphandle zomthonyama Sweden bakhe, bambalwa ndikuvile.

isizathu, apho mhlawumbi ifanelwe umvuzo kukuba yena ilungelo lokuvota. Ewe, ngo-1949, emva kokupapashwa inoveli yakhe "Indlela", Martinson wonyulwa kwiKomiti. Kunzima kuthi ukuba ilizwi lakhe nendima ebalulekileyo kuwongwa ngayo, kodwa inyani.

1992 Rigoberta Menchu, ihlabathi

Xa uqala kuqala, Rigoberta Menchú kubonakala kukho umgqatswa ofanelekileyo ukuba Nobel Peace Prize. Uye waphumelela ngo 1992 "ukuqaphela umsebenzi wakhe ukuze ubulungisa kwezentlalo kunye noxolelwaniso ethno-zenkcubeko kwintlonipho namalungelo abantu bemveli." incwadi yakhe, eyapapashwa ngowe-1983, kuye kwatsala ingqalelo uluntu ehlabathini. It ogweba amafama Indian ekulweni ingcinezelo Guatemalan.

Kodwa kutheni umlweli amalungelo ntoni ufanelwe ibhaso?

Kwi-New York Times reporter uDavide Stoll, abo batyelela Quiché (Guatemala), kukho ingongoma eyahlukileyo imbono malunga meko kule ngingqi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, olunzulu uphando Stoll, wenze umzobo, apho ikomiti Nobel akazange afune ukuva. Menchú nomkhosi walo yabanqolobi ibe zenkohlakalo njengoko umkhosi waseGuatemala, kodwa yaphumelela ibhaso kwehlabathi, ehambisa ecaleni lakhe ngathi a amukela.

2016 Bob Dylan, uncwadi

Ngokucacileyo, Bob Dylan - imvumi enkulu, nemihobe wakhe yenye ekhethekileyo kakhulu kwimbali yomculo. Kunjalo, ikomiti Nobel lawongwa ngebhaso ku Dylan ngo-2016 uncwadi, kuye kwabangela isiphithiphithi ukugculelwa.

Dylan ngokwakhe, ngubani phantse akazange ukwamkela ibhaso zingaphelanga iinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba uloyiso, wala ukuba avakalise intetho yakhe phantse de yesibini lokugqibela kakhulu.

Kwelinye ndawo yokuqala intetho yakhe, yena ukhankanya ukuba "iingoma yahluka uncwadi: ukuba zingaxelwanga ziculwe, ukuba ukufunda." kamva dylan wavuma ukuba ngamampunge ngokupheleleyo nokuzoba ophezulu, kunye Nobel Prize for kuyo.