"Yezihlunu Age" Karla Yaspersa

Xa bulumko yembali, ingqiqo ka "ubudala yezihlunu" wabonakala wabulela nzulu ngezinto uKarl Jaspers. Ukuhlalutya inkqubela-phambili phakathi kwabantu, emangalisiwe phezu imbonakalo kunye nokufa neempucuko yamandulo eyaziwa historiosophy wazama ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi ziintsika ezakhokelela kwimpucuko mihla kunye nomqondo zabantu. Ngenxa yoko, waya ingcamango yokuba kukho ixesha (eyathatha malunga neminyaka emithandathu), enokuthi ngokuba esqwini yembali yehlabathi.

Jaspers babekholelwa ukuba le sigaba ngangosuku yesibhozo ukuya BC ngenkulungwane yesibini. Kutheni na ke iinkulungwane zokuqala ixesha yethu waba kwindawo yokuqala, kuba inkqubo ngokwalo maxesha elamkeleke kwihlabathi Western, isekelwe ngomhla Yokuzalwa kaKristu? Jaspers ubanga ukuba yezihlunu Age - yinto udidi liphela, zibe ebotshelelwe naluphi na unqulo, nkqu ihlabathi. Inqaku kokholo kufuneka ibe kwiimpawu nakolu ukwenzela ukuqonda somgaqo- kwimbali yoluntu. A isidalwa obukhoyo kwaye 'ekupheleni kwamaxesha ", njengoko kuchaziwe kwi- kwiNcwadi yeGenesis kunye Apocalypse, nkqu ikholwa umKristu esahlula phakathi intsingiselo imbali yoluntu.

Phambi lifikile yobudala yezihlunu, uluntu iye yaziwa ezimbini cut iqhosha kwimbali yawo. Eyokuqala - na ukuvela intetho nokucacisa, ukwenza izixhobo, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa umlilo. Imi yesibini - nto V- III leminyaka BC, xa imozulu elilungileyo kwaye emityinweni imilambo emikhulu kukho impucuko yamandulo eYiputa, iBhabhiloni, iAsiriya, China, India. Ngeli xesha, abhaliweyo apho, urhulumente wadala amaphecana zonqulo wentsomi, kukho urhwebo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kungquzulwano kunye interpenetration yeenkcubeko. Ubukumkani yamandulo kweqonga yembali esqwini yehlabathi.

Kule minyaka 700 ka BC icwangcisa ngokwalo "yezihlunu Age." Oku kubonakala ngakumbi BC ngenkulungwane IV. Eli candelo Jaspers ubiza "yokomoya mgaqo uphambili lwabantu." Phantse ngaxeshanye China ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, Lao Tzu, Confucius kunye nezinye iinkcuba ezinkulu ababangela iziseko ubuConfucius, nobuTao, ngokomthetho kunye moizma. In India utsho Benares intshumayelo yayo Buddha, abhalwe maculo. Zarathustra ikufundisayo somzabalazo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi eIran. E Palestine, eli xesha yabalasela kokufika umprofeti uIsaya, noEliya Ierimii. EGrisi, kukho zonke iintsingiselo yentanda - izinto eziphathekayo kunye kugxeka a sophistry yenzululwazi kakhulu. Ke wahlala uSocrates, Aristotle uPlato, Heraclitus kunye Parmenides.

Eli xesha yezihlunu, ngokutsho Jaspers, - eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho ijika elibi, leyo wadala indoda namhlanje, isimo sakhe, entsha exabisekileyo kunye nengqiqo. Iikona bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye eziphelweni ezahlukeneyo Eurasia, kodwa phantse ngelo xesha, abantu baqonde ukubaluleka ngamnye kunye singenamandla zakhe yomntu xa ubuso bume soulless. Ukufuna ukuba ngokudlul, yokuba "kulo lonke ihlabathi", kwanefuthe sengqondo sabantu ngaphezu kokusungulwa ikhuba kunye lokusila amanzi.

Yezihlunu Age uye wadala iziseko zonke iinkonzo ezikhoyo emhlabeni. «Ixesha of Mercy» kubuKristu wathabatha kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini emva koko, kodwa umoya yabantu wayekulungele ukwamkela iimfundiso kwiNtshumayelo. Buddha wayephila BC ngenkulungwane yesine, kodwa ukusasazeka ngokubanzi obuBhuda njengoko kwenzeka kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa kamva. Ngokutsho Jaspers, kwiilwimi zesiNtu ngoku ekuphuhliseni nasekugqibezeleni iingcinga apho iziseko babekwa kwi thuba kubaluleke gqitha. Logic, iindlela kwingqiqo yolwazi ehlabathini, bulumko kunye sengqondo le ndoda Akumangalisi nenkcubeko ngexesha lethu.