Ngubani inkosi? Inkolelo yegama elithi "feudal"

I-Middle Ages yindawo ekhethiweyo kunye neempawu ezizodwa eziyimpembelelo - iindlebe kunye nokucebisa, ukunyaniseka kunye ne-alchemy, i-crusades kunye ne-feudalism.

Ngubani oyinkosi yama-feudal? Le nkcazo kunye nombono we-feudalism zixutyushwa ngokubanzi ngentla apha.

Iingcamango zesimo se-feudalism

I-Feudalism yindlela ekhethekileyo yomhlaba kunye nolwasemthethweni oluqhutyelwa eNtshona Yurophu phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi.

Isiseko sale fom yobudlelwane kwakuyinkosi yama-feudal. Lo ngumnini weqonga lomhlaba (feud). Intloko nganye yamkela umhlaba kunye nabasimili bevela kwelinye, umnini omkhulu (i-senor), kwaye yaqwalaselwa kweso sihlandlo sakhe. Bonke abo babesemkhosini babenkonzweni yabasemagunyeni kwaye bafanele basebenze kunye neyokuqala ukubiza kwiintonga ezichasene neentshaba zakhe.

Ulawulo oluphezulu

Ulawulo oluphezulu lwama-feudalism lwaluyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uyiqonde, qwa lasele umzekelo owenziwe lula wobudlelwane be-3 izixhumanisi: kwinqanaba elisezantsi kunabo babemi-mhlaba, u-commoner, owayengumphathi womnini-inkosi ye-feudal phezu kwayo inkosi.

Kodwa inkosi ye-feudal ayiyena nje umntu ongena kwindawo ethile yoluntu, inxalenye yenkqubo enzima. Isiteji se-feudal sinamakhwenkwe aphantsi - abathintekayo, abaye bakhonza abantu abadala. Ngamanye ama-señor, kwakhona, kwakungumntu othile. Intloko karhulumente yayiyinkosi.

Uluhlu lwesiganeko lolawulo oluphezulu luya kumelelwa kule fomu (ukususela ngaphantsi ukuya phezulu): umlimi - i-knight (inqaku eli-1) - i-seighior 1 (i-vassal 2) - i-seperior 2 (i-vassal 3) - i-3 yangaphakathi (inqaku le-4) - ... .

Into ebalulekileyo yolawulo lolawulo yayiyinkolelo yokuba inkosi enamandla yayingenamandla phezu kwazo zonke iindawo ezingezantsi. Umgaqo othi "i-vassal's vassal" ayiyonto yam ".

Iimpahla zamakhosikazi ase-feudal

Bonke abanini-mhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bezinto zabo, abazange bahluke ngohlobo lwabo loqoqosho. Abazange bazame ukwandisa ubutyebi babo ngokuqokelela okanye ukuphucula iindlela zokuvelisa. Yiyiphi imithombo ebalulekileyo yengeniso kwanoma yimuphi na inkosi? Lezi zibonelelo zowamafama, amaxhoba, ukuphanga. Zonke ezicatshiwe zachithwa kwiingubo ezibiza, iindawo ezithandekayo kunye nemidlo.

Phakathi kweenduna ze-feudal kwakukho ikhowudi yokuhlonela i-knight-isibindi, izenzo, ukhuselo lwabuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimbali ziye zazinyuliswa ngokusemthethweni: yonke indawo ibonisa ukunyaniseka, inkohlakalo kunye nentando. Babecinga ukuba abantu abakhethiweyo bakaThixo, abantu abalula bayadelela.

Ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwe-vassal kunye nobuxoki buyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-vassal esanda kutyunjwa yahlasela inkosi yayo yabamba ubutyebi bayo, abalimi kunye namazwe.

Umehluko phakathi kobugcisa kunye nenkqubo yekhoboka

Inkosi ye-feudal ayikho inceku. Amakhoboka ayengumnini, ayengenalo ukuthanda kunye nempahla yakhe. Abalimi abasemagunyeni abo baphethe umhlaba, abanomnotho wabo, ababezilawulayo-bangazithengisa, banikeze, batshintshe. Ngenxa yomhlaba wabo bahlawula umnikazi isaphulo, kwaye wabanika ukhuseleko.

Inkosi ye-feudal inokumemezela imfazwe kummelwane, iqukumbele kuye, iququzelele imikhankaso yempi yokubamba abathunjiweyo, apho iyakwazi ukuyifumana intlawulelo, ukuphanga abanye abalimi, abanye abanini-mhlaba kunye necawa.

Konke oku kudala imeko "karhulumente kwimeko," buthathaka amandla omlawuli kwaye, ngokubanzi, i-continental yaseYurophu, ininzi lwabemi, ngenxa yokuphanga kwimihlaba yonke, bebuhlwempu.