Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich: ubomi kunye ne-biography

I-Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich ngumntu ovelele wesayensi yeSoviet. Wayengumfundi kaTsiolkovsky kunye nomnye waseK Korolev, wabandakanywa ekudalweni komkhosi wokuqala waseSoviet. Unamaphulo amaninzi. Wakhuphula abantu abaninzi abaphumelelayo emsebenzini wakhe.

Ubuntwana

Yayiyini uMikhail Tikhonravov ngokwakhe, kwaye yintoni eyayiyindlela yakhe? I-biography yakhe yaqala ngo-Vladimir ngomhla wama-20 kaJulayi 1900, kodwa kungekudala abazali bakhe bathuthela ePetersburg. Ingcali yenzululwazi yazalwa kwikhaya elumkileyo. Uyise - uKlaudius Mikhailovich, wayengummeli, nonina - uAlexandra Nikolaevna - utitshala.

Ngomnyaka weshumi elinesibhozo, kwintsapho exakeke kwiimeko eziguquguqukayo, intsapho yaqala ukuhlala ngokuqinileyo, kwaye kwagqitywa isigqibo sokuhambisa unina kunye nabantwana abaselula edolophini lasePereslavl-Zalessky. Kwaye umdala uMisha, kunye noyise, bahlala de kube sekupheleni kwesikolo esiphakeme saseThikhonravov. Intsapho yahlangana kwakhona ngonyaka.

Iminyaka eselula

Kwindawo entsha, uClaudius Mikhailovich wayenomsebenzi wejaji, kwaye unyana wayethumela iposi yeposi kunye nokukopisha loo maxwebhu. Ngexesha lam elithile ndandithanda ukudweba.

E-Pereslavl-Zalessky, iTikhhonravov uMikhail Klavdievich wayengowokuqala ukufumana ithikithi yeKomsomol kwaye wathatha umsebenzi osebenzayo weKomsomol, ulungelelanisa iiseli aze ajikeleze ngeentetho ezakhayo kwiidolophana ezikufutshane. Ngo-Matshi 1919 wanyulwa ngumongameli weKomidi kaMasipala we-RCYU.

Ngaloo nto, ngo-1919, i-Tikhonravov yavolontiya kwi-Army yaseBomvu, kwaye yasebenza kwisebe elikhutshulwayo kunye nokukhanyisa isebe likamasipala.

Ngo-1920 uMichael wathuthela eMoscow waza waba ngumfundi we-Air Force Engineering Academy ye-RKKA egama linguZhukovsky, eligqitywa emva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Amanyathelo okuqala kumsebenzi wakhe

Emva kokuba athole idiploma, unjiniyela waseThithravov uMikhail Klavdievich usebenza kumaqela amashishini athile. Nangona kwiminyaka yokufunda, le nsizwa yakha uluhlu lwamaglidli ayenempawu ephezulu. Waqhubeka lo msebenzi kwinqanaba lesibini lee-1920, kwaye kwakukho kwicandelo elincinci lokuba ulwalamano lwaye lwaphazamisa ubomi bukaThithravov kunye nesimo se-Soviet rocket building.

Umkhosi wokuqala waseSoviet

Umhlobo omtsha kaMikhail Klavdievich wayebizwa ngokuba nguSergei Pavlovich Korolev. Phakathi kwababini abahlobo, ubuhlobo buphuhlisiwe, obukhula buba yintsebenziswano esondeleyo. UKolyoyov watshitshisa iTikhhonravov ukuba ahlanganyele ekudaleni imikhosi ye-ballistic, kwaye ngo-1932 wayesele ekhokela i-brigade, eyayihlakulela i-missile yokuqala yesibini yeSoviet.

I-Tikhonravov kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kule mcimbi mlando bakhumbula ukuba umsebenzi wawuqhubekile kakhulu. Umqhubi akazange afune ukuqhuba ixesha elide, kodwa wathunyelwa kwindawo yokuvavanywa kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke, ehlanganiswe kwezinye iigragi.

Imizamo yeenjiniya yathweswa yimpumelelo ngo-1933. I-rocket ekugqibeleni yakwazi ukuyivula, kwaye yaphakama ngamitha engama-400 ngaphezu komhlaba. Oku kwakuyisiganeko esikhulu kwilizwe lonke.

Ngo-1934, iTikhhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich yaqala ukukhokela isebe le-Reactive Institute, kwaye ukususela ngowe-1938 wenza umsebenzi wophando kwiimveliso ze-rocket zamafutha; Wavelisa izixhobo eza kuvumela ukufundela iindawo eziphezulu zendawo, njl njl.

Sebenza ngexesha lemfazwe

Ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, umsebenzi wokuhlola indawo wancinciwe okwethutyana. Okuphuthumayo ngakumbi imisebenzi ehlukileyo. Kwakudingeka ukuba umise ama-fascists nayiphi na indleko, kwaye isisombululo esiluncedo sisisiseko sokudalwa kwengqungquthela yokulwa nendiza "Katyusha". Yayikuphuhliswa kwamacompecti kuye ukuba iTikhhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich wayebandakanyeka kwiminyaka emashumi amabini ezelwe.

Opal nokuphindezela

Emva kwemfazwe, i-Tikhonravov, esekelwe kwi-Instituted Scientific Research Institute, apho yayisekela lomphathi oyintloko, yenzelwe iiflethi eziphezulu, yasebenzela ekudalweni kwezaziso zokuqala zengxubevange, i-spacecraft elawulwa ngumqhubi, kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezijoliswe kwiindiza ze-interlanetary.

Ngomnyaka wamashumi amahlanu ananye waqala ukudala iimfono ze-ballistic multi-stage, kodwa akazange aqondwe aze ahlekise. Abaphathi baqwalasela iingcamango ezibekwe phambili njengento emangalisayo. I-Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich, umfanekiso wakhe walezo zihlandlo unikezela umntu odiniweyo noxinezelekileyo, waxoshwa waza wasuswa kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1953, oogunyaziwe baqaphela impazamo yabo kwaye babonisa umdla ophakamileyo kwisihloko, esichazwe yiThikhonravov. Inzululwazi, enoba yonke into iyaqhubeka isebenza kwi-brainchild yayo, ithathwe ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yinto kwaye yabuyela emsebenzini osebenzayo.

Iinjineli zanikezela intsalela yobomi bayo kwintsimi yokuhlola indawo. Okubonakalayo ingakumbi iiprojekthi zakhe, eziphuhliswe njengeNtloko yeSebe lezakhiwo ze-satellites ezenziwayo kwi-OKB-1. Siyabulela kuThikhonravov ukuba ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwe-satelesi ephethe isidalwa esiphilayo, kwaye ngenxa yalokhu isazi safumana uLenin Prize. Emva koko waba nguHero we-Socialist Labor.

Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yesayensi, uMikhail Klavdievich wayebandakanyeka ekufundiseni. Phakathi kwabaphulaphuli beentetho zakhe, umzekelo, u-Yuri Gagarin.

Ngomhla we-4 Matshi 1974, ihlabathi lihamba ngeendaba ezimnyama ukuba unyaka we-73 wobomi washona oososayensi obalaseleyo, ootitshala kunye nootitshala uThraravov Mikhail Klavdievich. Umfazi wakhe - u-Olga Konstantinovna Parovina (naye unjiniyela wezakhiwo) wasinda indoda yakhe iminyaka elishumi elinesithoba. Esi sibini sasinentombi uNatalia, umzukulu u-Olga nomzukulu kaRostislav.