'Ngumlingani ka luthambe ebango

Supply nemfuno kufuneka ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha iimeko zemarike, ebizwa luthambe. Namhlanje, phantse akukho icandelo elinye uqoqosho akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kweli gama: ingcamango bumabumela, uhlalutyo ukuveliswa nemfuneko, imijikelo kwezoqoqosho, ezoqoqosho nolindelo noEri, njl

ubuntununtunu emakethe ukuba ezi kunye nezinye izinto, iimeko zemarike esibonakala inomlingani okhethekileyo luthambe ebango. Intsingiselo yalo parameter kulandelayo: ubungakanani njani isixa utshintsho imfuno xa utshintsho market factor nge-1%.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwi iyunithi esikhethiweyo, ukukwazi ukuphendula omnye yezahlukileyo yezoqoqosho utshintsho kwezinye kuboniswa iindlela ngeendlela. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukudibanisa ukhetho, sebenzisa ipesenti indlela yomlinganiselo.

'Ngumlingani ka luthambe ebango libalwa ngokusekelwe ngeendlela ezimbini:

- arc luthambe (luthambe of the arc), apho kuyimfuneko ukwazi amanqanaba lokuqala koko namaxabiso kunye nemiqulu;

- spot okubuyela kwimo (luthambe in point) kunye kwangaphambili umsebenzi yemfuno amanqanaba kunye nexabiso kunye amaxabiso baseline imfuneko.

Iintlobo luthambe ebango liza kwahlulwa yi ixabiso, ingeniso, kwaye kusenokuba umnqamlezo iimpahla ezimbini.

'Ngumlingani ka luthambe kwemfuneko ephantsi bubonisa indlela nangokobungakanani zatshintsha kwemfuno xa kwandisa okanye lehla nge-1%. Kuyenzeka ukuba babhale ezi ndlela zilandelayo ukuba bhetyebhetye:

- imfuno inelastic - iphawulwa ngesantya esisezantsi lokukhula omyinge esithengiweyo impahla ngaphezu izinga ekunciphiseni ixabiso;

- imfuno elastic - ungachazwa ukuba amazinga ukuncitshiswa-1% imfuno ukunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-1%;

- unit okubuyela kwimo - luphawulwa ngezinga elifanayo lokukhula iimpahla ezithengiweyo kunye nenani fallers.

'Ngumlingani ka yengeniso luthambe ebango ibonisa utshintsho imfuno nangokobungakanani, xa kuya kuba njani na ingeniso ngaphezulu / ngaphantsi nge-1%.

Ukuba lo mzobo lelikhabayo, ngoko kusenokwenzeka kakhulu kubonisa umgangatho ophantsi yempahla, ngokuba lukhula ngokugqithiseleyo ingeniso, kwaye imfuno iimveliso kunciphisa.

Ngenani yakhe ezintle iimpahla zibe ingqalelo eqhelekileyo, kwaye:

- ukuba ixabiso incinane kakhulu, ngaphantsi kwe-1, oko kukuthi, imfuno zempahla ezithile ekhula ingeniso kancinci, ngoko sinako ukuthetha, oyena mntu phezu essentials;

- Ukuba ixabiso index ngakumbi, kuba sizalwa nezinto zodidi, njengoko ukukhula ingeniso libe lisalele ngasemva imfuno imveliso.

'Ngumlingani ka cross-luthambe ebango ibonisa utshintsho kwemfuneko impahla Ukuba ixabiso kwempahla kwi utshintsho nge-1%. Kunokuba HIV, ezingalunganga kunye zero.

- Amaxabiso Emihle 'ngumlingani ka luthambe ezi iimveliso ababambeleyo (interchangeable), nto leyo ukukhuphisana kurhwebo, umzekelo, ibhotolo kunye imajarini. Ngenxa yokwanda kwexabiso imajarini ukwanda kwemfuno naseolini, kuba iye yaba axabisa ngokunxulumene ixabiso ukwanda entsha imajarini. Kwaye ke iingenelo ezimbini interchangeable ngakumbi, kokukhona ixabiso zesi salathisi.

- amaxabiso akhabanayo yalento ingumlingani na iinzuzo ngumlindi (iyavumelana), zisetyenziswa kunye. Ngokomzekelo, xa siqwalasela izihlangu kunye neemveliso care, ngoko ukwanda kwemfuno amaxabiso nezihlangu kuncitshiswa ngale ndlela, oko kukuthi ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso impahla ihambisana ukuhla ukuselwa komnye, yaye ngakumbi complementarity wabo, ngoko kuya kuba ingundoqo ngakumbi ingumlingani.

- A zero ixabiso Isalathisi ngokubhekisele iinzuzo luthambe ukuba akukho interchangeable okanye iyavumelana, ngamanye kulo mzekelo, ungakubonanga ukwenza naluphi na uqhagamshelo phakathi kwempahla kunye namaxabiso phezu kwezinye.