North, ezantsi, entshona, empuma: ukujonga njani ulwalathiso

Xa cartography, ngendawo sele kudala kukho ingqikelelo amanqaku zekhampasi. Kuyafuneka ukuba ukuchonga iindawo kwi indawo imephu asetyenziswe ekwakheni, ukuthuthwa, kunceda kwezinye izinto. Indlela ukufumanisa apho ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona, empuma? Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni icala kunina, indlela uzulazule kubo.

The main ndlela

Kumaxesha amandulo umntu oye wafunda ukuchaza indawo yayo phezu komhlaba, makuqatshelwe ukuba yonke imihla ilanga liphuma ukusuka ngomqukumbelo empumalanga kunye iiseti ngokuhlwa entshonalanga. Ukukwazi kwagxilwa yanceda izinyanya zethu ukufumana indlela yabo ekhaya, lizingela, ukuba uhlakulele izityalo. Umgaqo ngokwahlula isithuba lezabelo kwaba nqanaba ebalulekileyo ekufundeni umntu ehlabathini. iindawo eziphambili zehlabathi kumaxesha amandulo got igama layo ngoku (ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona, empuma). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izixhobo lokubhiyozela ilanga-langa, izixhobo waba zintsonkotha ngakumbi. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba eMntla naseMzantsi zokuma - amanqaku malunga ezimbini apho umphezulu iplanethi yethu agqithe komgca wentelekelelo - axis komhlaba.

Gqiba apho ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona, empuma?

Imiyalelo for empumalanga nasentshonalanga ezinxulumene enye iintshukumo zomhlaba - ukujikeleza ngeenxa axis yayo. Ilanga kusasa ivela ngasentla komgca isibhakabhaka kulo empumalanga, emva kwemini sebefikelele bade wangokuhlwa iya kwelinye icala zezulu iiseti entshona. Kukho umahluko indawo ilanga ezinezinga ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ne ukuthambeka of ongu Yomhlaba. Emini enkulu phezu inkwenkwezi weikhweyitha ibekwe ngqo ngaphezulu kwentloko yakho. Ebusika in Northern saseNtla - ishenxiselwe ngasezantsi, ehlotyeni - ukuya emntla. Summer sunrise kunokubonwa emazantsi-ntshona, yasebusika - emzantsi-mpuma. Le ezinezinga ezibandayo kanye subpolar sihlala iinyanga ezintandathu, ubusuku polar, ilanga lingaphumi ngaphezu kolundi. Yaye xa ilanga iinyanga ezintandathu nyaka akayi - kuza imini ezibandayo. Kumantla na kwipali magnetic, ukuya kuyo inaliti nekhampasi zijikeleziswe. Kwinxalenye malunga behlabathi kwilizwekazi osemazantsi - Antarctica. Ukumisela ulwalathiso xa omnye wabo yaziwa, oko kwenzeka indlela elula. I kufuneka avuke ukuba ubuso wajika ukhangele ngasentla. Ke emva kwakhe kuya kuba ngasezantsi, ukuya ekhohlo - entshonalanga, ngasekunene - ngasempumalanga.

Indawo efanelekileyo amaqela ezinkulu nezincinane kunina

Kukho imiyalelo ezisisiseko - ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona, empuma, - ezo zincediswe njengabalamli. Loo candelo Kuyinto elula kakhulu, it ikuvumela ukuba ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba lingakanani na indawo emhlabeni, ukufumana izinto kwiimephu kunye nezicwangciso ngesimo. Umzekelo, ezisemantla-mpuma - icala kunina, ifumaneka phakathi kwicala elingasemntla nasempuma. Phezu iimaphu, izicwangciso, khwlzleyo, iincwadi, reference notation sivela unobumba wokuqala yaseRussia okanye igama lesiLatini. Kukho icandelo olubanzi liphuma amaqela. Ngoko ke, phakathi imiyalelo kwaye c zisendaweni mpuma (NE) kunye mpuma-mpuma (Ene).

Le ikhampasi kwi izicwangciso, iimephu kunye iimbumba

Xa oomatiloshe ezindala kunye abahambi wathembela amakhadi, nenokuthi kuba emazantsi Umntla nomzantsi - phezulu. Ulwazi ngaphantsi komhlaba babengafezekanga, zejografi abaninzi ephosakeleyo, ebangela izinto nezicwangciso kunye neemephu. babebizwa ngokuba Kukho "amabala amhlophe" - kummandla unexplored. Njengomgaqo, izicwangciso mihla geographical kunye neemephu iphezulu ngasentla, ezantsi, ibekwe ngezantsi ekhohlo - entshonalanga, ukuya ekunene - ngasempumalanga.

Lo mgaqo mnye uya kusetyenziswa ukwenza umhlaba. isiqingatha sayo eliphezulu - kumntla ikhweyitha, emazantsi - South. Ukuya ekhohlo ohlukanisa ibekwe West, ekunene - Eastern saseNtla. Indawo apho kuthinjwe ibhola ukuya kuma - i-South Pole, malunga - i-North Pole. Easy ukufumana nayiphi na into geographical ukuba ukwazi indawo yayo. North, ezantsi, ngasentshonalanga, empuma - imiyalelo ephambili, ngokunjalo inkululeko kunye nobude kwimephu kunye umhlaba. Amazwekazi, iilwandle, amathafa, iintaba, ulwandle, izixeko kunye nezinye izinto zejografi obungaphezu ikhweyitha zezi ngasentla, ngaphantsi ngaxeshanye ukusuka 0 ° - emazantsi. Izinto osele ohlukanisa kufuneka ube nobude ngasentshonalanga, ukuya ekunene - ngasempumalanga.

Ikhampasi - isixhobo, apho abakhomba

Ukufumana icala kolundi nengqwalasela kwimimandla inceda isixhobo zixhotyiswe lombala-mbini nosiba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukhululekile ukuba ukujikeleza embindini lwezindlu setyhula. Isixhobo, nto leyo esetyenziselwa ukumisela indlela, - ikhampasi. North, ezantsi, entshona, empuma, kuphawulwa yoonobumba kwisikali kwefowuni. edge Red ejongene ngokwahlulwa "C" okanye «N», ngokukhomba ngasentla. Ephambene utolo sibhekiswe emzantsi. Ukuya ekhohlo kwale axis lwasentshonalanga, ngasekunene - ngasempumalanga. Ngaphakathi kukho dial ikhampasi kunye amanani ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya 360 °, ngku amalungiselelo. division Ixabiso nge izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka. Ukusebenzisa ikhampasi, unga:

1. Ukuze ukwazi nganye iindawo eziphambili zehlabathi (ngasentla, ezantsi, empuma, nasentshonalanga) apho.
2. Ukumisela lonke icala esiphakathi kwe kolundi.
3. Fumana Azimuth - engile phakathi into emhlabeni kunye ulwalathiso ngasentla.

Le ikhampasi kufuneka abameli imisebenzi emininzi - oomatiloshe, airmen, emkhosini, abakhi, zokuma, kwakunye abakhenkethi kunye nabahambi. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, ukunceda ukuba uzulazule ecaleni imigca Imagnethi yomhlaba.

Umkhomba-on site (ngasentla, ezantsi, entshona, empuma)

Ukubona indawo yakho inokuba phezu imizimba yasezulwini, ngezimanga zendalo kunye miqondiso izinto ekufutshane. Emini, xa ilanga emazantsi, isithunzi izinto nkqo amalungiselelo wathumela encotsheni emntla. Ebusuku, ufanele uzame ukufumana North Star. Ezimbini kwinqanaba eqaqambileyo zeBhere Enkulu, zenza ezindongeni Big Dipper, ngokuba isalathisi. A ukuziphatha line ngqo ngabo, oba ngqo kwi polaris. Le ise kwisiqingatha kumantla zezulu bobabo lekroza Ursa Minor.

A ngumncedi abo baye balahleka - ebukele. Ukuze ufumane ulwalathiso, vula kwisitupu ngku arrow elangeni. Angela phakathi umnombo ngokomfanekiso 1 (13.00) apho kunqumla ukunika bisector (zithetha ngezantsi). Imbonakaliso le ndawo iimpawu zobulali:

• kwicala elingasentla imithi maleko yatyeba of ulele kunye ubulembu;
• umhlaba woma phantsi amatye, lwabheka ngasezantsi;
• ubusika ikhephu kwicala elingasentla elide ihlala okubi;
• anthills badla elise ezantsi iinduli, imithi, amatye;
• Glade, leyo uwahlule ehlathini iibloko, ezijolise ukusuka empuma kuye entshona kwaye ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi (qaphela iinombolo zabo serial kwiipali, eqala nge NW kunye SE).

indlela nganye imposiso ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kule ndawo. Kulungile ukusebenzisa iindlela eziliqela, ngoko ke umphumo uya kuba yechaneke ngaphezulu.