Novocherkassk Cathedral (Ascension nempi Cathedral): imbali, inkcazelo, izakhiwo

Imbali kwi Don Cossacks, olunzima yokugqibela kunye ezele ngendlela ephawulekayo eziqulathwe kule lesikhumbuzo ngobukhulu, nto leyo ukwenyuka Cathedral Novocherkassk. He kubhekwa omnye obukhulu izakhiwo zecawa Russian. Kuye bonke engaqhelekanga - kunye nembali indalo yayo, nditsho ubukhulu, leyo yesibini kuphela Moscow Cathedral ka Krestu uMsindisi kwaye Cathedral St. Petersburg St. kaIsake.

Temple - ubudala efanayo umzi

Novocherkassk umhla ekusekweni ngunyaka 1805. Ngelo xesha kwakukho yokubekwa yecawa elizayo, apho wayeza kuba ikratshi Cossacks. Noko ke, njengokuba kudla ngokwenzeka eRashiya, kwimeko yayitsala, kwaye umsebenzi waqalisa kuphela emva kweminyaka emithandathu, ngo-1811. umbhali yeprojekthi yaba Italian lokwakha onesiphiwo Aloysius IsiNgesi - nomxhasi azinikele ye indlela yamandulo izakhiwo. Kodwa ke kwenzeka ukuba isisulu oliqhophololo kumaziko aseburhulumenteni, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe eRashiya, yaye indawo yayo yathathwa yi compatriot yethu PN Amvrosimov.

Wisa phantse ugqibile ukwakha

Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa iminyaka engamashumi-mihlanu idlulileyo kwaye sele ziza kugqitywa xa ezingalindelekanga kwenzeke - ngokucuthwa kwawo liwa, inxalenye enkulu olungaphambili. Xa kwenzeka ye amaxhoba na ukuba ukususela kukho ilishwa ngemini, kunye nomsebenzi wayengekho ngaphakathi etempileni, kodwa ngenxa yengozi ndaphants - phantse elungele Novocherkassk Cathedral amanxuwa.

In Petersburg wathunyelwa ngokukhawuleza umyalezo ngesi siganeko, waza ke walawula ngoxa Nicholas Ndathumela nothumo Novocherkassk ukuchonga abenzi lwesiganeko.

Ekufikeni, le Abalawuli bafumana ephule ezenziwe ngexesha lokwakha, kwakunye iimpazamo kule projekthi zobunjineli. A indawo ekhethekileyo kwingxelo babo libya engamkelekanga zezixhobo zokwakha. Kuyabonakala ukuba, kwakukho ukubiwa kwemali eyabelwe ukusuka kaNondyebo kaRhulumente, kodwa mbandela bezongena phezulu, yaye xa umsebenzi wamiswa.

iphinde yahlelwa

Xa wakha ukwenyuka Cathedral e Novocherkassk, kwabonakala ngathi impumelelo lweendawo ukuba ezinye luck embi. Inyaniso kukuba xa emva kokuba emva kwengozi kwiminyaka embalwa, ukwakhiwa kuqaliswa kwaye ngo-1863 ngoku uza kwisigaba sayo sokugqibela, ngokuchanileyo ephawulekayo yaphinda ibali kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe eyadlulayo. Yonke into yahamba kakuhle, kodwa mzuzu xa waqalisa ukunciphisa isinyuko kwi olungaphambili lwesenzo kwakukho sibange obukhulu, wathi folokohlo. Kwakhona, njengokuba ngaphambili, ukusondela yokugqibezela isakhiwo ibuye ibe yimfumba kobutyobo.

Kwakhona labhabha ladibana elikomkhulu sokuhanjiswa, waphinda waqala-uphando. Wafika evela iKomiti Petersburg St. umbonile sizathu siphambili sokuba ukuwa zokuphula zeteknoloji zaba ngenxa yokuthabatheka engamkelekanga emsebenzini.

Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi wokwakha wakhokelelwa womzobi IO Valprede - indoda onamava neengqondi kakhulu. Akazange ityala ngoko kwenzekayo, njengoko walungiselela iKhomishini kunye neekopi zale ngxelo, ezo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubaphathi-dolophu kunye atamans Cossack waxelela ingozi isantya ngokungeyomfuneko ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi.

Qala isakhiwo entsha

Kodwa mna akanakuphila ngaphandle kwisixeko Novocherkassk itempile kaThixo, hayi ngaphandle sizathu Cossacks wayesaziwa ngokuba ningabantu abantamo ilukhuni. Ukwehluleka eziye ulwakhiwo yecawa, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukuba agqibe umsebenzi, yaye ngowe-1889 e-ikomkhulu ezasebukhosini sivunywe uyilo omtsha - owesithathu emgceni - etempileni. Umbhali baso ngumhlali Novocherkassk Don zomkhosi umakhi AA Yaschenko. Ngaphambi nje kokuba yaba academician, yaye lo msebenzi bt yakhe isihloko esitsha. Nangona kunjalo, kubekho akubanga ngaphandle kongenelelo yobubi. Xa baqalisa ukubeka isiseko, Don ngokomakhi wafa ngesiquphe, kunye Novocherkassk Cathedral iyaqhubeka ukwakha ngaphandle kwakhe.

Bebonke isiphelo sinye idlale joke ngenkohlakalo kunye nomphathi elilandelayo - AP Zlobin. Yena, ezifana ababengaphambi kwakhe, kwafuneka ukuba anike ubungqina ikhomishini yophando. Thina wambonisa zonke iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho efanayo nemigangatho kubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo ezisemgangathweni ijoni low. Ngeli xesha, kuphela ummangaliso wasindisa nabakhi yokuwa entsha. Phantsi buhlungu unetyala lokugwetywa okungunaphakade kubomi elilandelayo kwaye inkundla yolwaphulo-mthetho phakathi abasemagunyeni aphezulu esixekweni yathatha amanyathelo, yaye emva koko, ekugqibeleni wangena kwingoma ekunene.

ibonwe Construction finale

Kodwa yonke into ekugqibeleni lufikelele esiphelweni. Yaphela kwaye zonke iimbandezelo ixesha elide ezinxulunyaniswa nokwakhiwa itempile. Kukugqitywa ukwahlula Cathedral ka Novocherkassk wenza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX entsha - ngo-1901. Iyayithanda imilinganiso yalo yecawa lesithathu ngobukhulu eRashiya. Dome yayo iye yenyuka ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha asixhenxe anantlanu, futhi indawo phantse emine kwaye iwaka enesiqingatha square metres.

Ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo sale ubungakanani, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba bamakhele iimfuno umgca wezitena mveliso, amandla kunye namanzi. Ukwenzela ukuthintela ingozi yokuwa entsha, ilebhu ekhethekileyo kumisa, leyo avavanyelwe amandla yonke izinto zokwakha. Ngaba irekhodi yaye isixa-mali esichithwe kuba imisebenzi, kwaba engange kwezigidi ezibini.

Owayesakuba ubungangamsha kwetempile

Wonke umntu waba ithuba ukubona Novocherkassk Cathedral, kubhiyozelwa ubuhle ezimangalisayo uphahla zayo, Bathiwe wambu ngegolide ecocekileyo. Yokuvelayo zincedise umnqamlezo ephambili, ayevathiswe yikristale inlay wabulawa iingcibi Bohemian.

Ifudusiwe iinkumbulo ezininzi wamangqina ubungangamela bayo bangaphambili. Echaza ngayo umfanekiso indlela ilanga izikhanyiso ezikhanyisayo lomnqamlezo ephambili, ziphambili kwiikhilomitha ezininzi, ukhonza osentabeni abahlala endleleni kuThixo.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX Novocherkassk Cathedral yafakwa kunye umoya elikhethekileyo nenkqubo ubushushu, apho ngelo xesha nhlanganiso ngeengcinga zeteknoloji. Ekubeni kwalo ngenkalipho kuphela ukudala bume ngaphakathi etempileni, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko mizobo iconostasis kunye imizobo eludongeni. Ngelishwa, ngoku ilahlekile.

Ukongeza, le yecawa Novocherkassk wayedume yomhombiso zangaphakathi. umgangatho wayo alekwe nemàbhula, ngokukodwa wenza eFransi Italy. Ngaphezu yoqobo ukuya kwakhiwa isakhiwo yaba sicatshulwa komhlaba lebhokisi itempile ayikho kude endlwini kabhishophu. Namhlanje, neendonga zaso ibekwe iNdlu amagosa.

Iminyaka akekho iyonke

Novocherkassk Cathedral, ogama imbali kuhlangene kuzo zonke iziganeko ngenkulungwane Russia XX, ekwabelwana ngokupheleleyo bayahlelwa ezininzi iicawa kwilizwe lethu. Kule banesifo, ulawulo kubukho bukaThixo ivaliwe waza wawubeka ekupheleni kwenkonzo wire.

Nge enkulu xa uphahla yasuswa iminqamlezo kunye ngokungenalusini yaphulwa ubhedu iipleyiti ngegolide engathi ngumfanekiswana. Isakhiwo efanayo kakhulu - an lesikhumbuzo zokwakha kunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa - yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina izinto combustive-ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, isixeko Novocherkassk yaba kwindawo yomsebenzi okwethutyana. AmaJamani Yavulwa itempile nonqulo apho kuqaliswe. Abahlali umzi kuloo minyaka babethandaza uloyiso phezu utshaba, uze ucele intsikelelo yakhe likaThixo nangezibongozo. Xa amaJamani khutshelwa ngaphandle, abasemagunyeni eSoviet zange zivale itempile kwaye musa kuthintela le nkonzo, kodwa zonke angaphantsi isonto isasetyenziswa nangoku njenge yokugcina.

Buyela lweengcambu zokomoya

Xa lizwe ixesha utshintsho lwentando yesininzi, kwafika abantu ulahlekiso kubukho bukaThixo, iicawa ezininzi nezigodlo zabuyiselwa ukuya ecaweni. Yaba ivuyisa okwangoku, kodwa ke ixesha nzima kakhulu. izakhiwo ibandla Uninzi emva kwamashumi yentshabalalo zobukrwada lwafuna nokubuyiselwa okanye ubuncinane ukubuyiselwa kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho kunye Novocherkassk Cathedral. Ubhishophu Alexy II wawusikelela ekwenziweni kwemisebenzi, kunye kunye nemali esiyinikiweyo ngabasemagunyeni umzi, iingcali ezininzi eziphambili kunye restorers baye bamenywa.

Cathedral azalwe

Ngowe-2005, abahlali Novocherkassk ephawulwe isikhumbuzo kabini - le bicentennial komzi kunye ibhukmaki kuyo yetempile. Le mibhiyozo kungqamane kugqitywe imisebenzi kwi nokubuyiselwa olungaphambili isonto. imbonakalo yakhe yabuya ngokungqinelana kunye nemizobo kunye nemizobo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Inyathelo elilandelayo ufakelo uphahla gilt crystal inlays, ubuqaqawuli kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Inkonzo kwi yecawa Novocherkassk namhlanje lwenziwa ukuhlonela efanayo yaye bathobele izimiso zeCawa, ukuba kwihlabathi Orthodox lonke. Yena ezikhalayo iintsimbi kwakhona saa ngeenxa kude azibize umthandazo bonke abantliziyo zivuleleke kuThixo. Ekugqibeleni, ulwazi abo bangathanda ukuba atyelele Cathedral ka Novocherkassk. Idilesi: ummandla Rostov, Novocherkassk, pl. Ermak, d. 2.