Uhlalutyo umchamo: iintlobo kunye iindlela zokuqokelela

Kakade ke, abaninzi bethu kudlule umchamo ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Ngapha koko, nkqu umntwana uyazi ukuba iziphumo zesifundo uncedo ukuchonga izifo ezithile okanye ukulawula imeko yabo. Ngoko ke, lo umchamo i "isixhobo" ezibalulekileyo uxilongo lwezonyango impilo yabantu.

Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olufunyenwe uhlalutyo kunokuxhomekeka indlela yokuqokelela izinto. Yeyiphi iintlobo zovavanyo umchamo kunye neempawu zazo, siza kujonga kweli nqaku. Ukongeza, ufumanise ukuba yokukha kakuhle kwaye ukuthutha izinto ngeenjongo zophando.

Kutheni na lo wenze le nto?

Okokuqala makhe sichaze oko kufuneka uthathe lomchamo isampuli elebhu;

• Ukukhangela izifo okanye zizifo womchamo. Iimpawu kule meko yahluke kakhulu: a embi nevumba umchamo, iintlungu ngexesha ukuchama, ubumdaka igazi, iintlungu nangegxalaba, kunye nabanye.
• Ukubeka iliso ubume zizifo ngezifo ezifana neswekile, amatye kwizintso, usulelo womchamo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kwaye ezinye wezintso kwaye zesibindi.
• Luhlolo rhoqo emzimbeni nayo kuqhutywa uvavanyo umchamo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iindidi ugqirha.

Njani ukuba siyilungise phi na?

• Phambi kokuba udlule isampulu umchamo, akuyi kufuneka utye ukutya ukuba unako ibala kuyo. Oko kukuthi, ubobo, beetroot, rhubarb kunye nabanye.
• Musa ukuchitha uqeqesho oluphuculweyo phambi sifundo.
• Kuba namankazana kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga kwimijikelo exesheni. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ingcali uya kuwumisa kuba ezimbalwa iintsuku urinalysis. Iintlobo neendlela uqhuba isifundo eso baqeshwa ngamnye.
• Ugqirha wakho okunyangayo naye usenokukubuza ukuba uthathe amayeza ngexa ezichaphazela umbala umchamo (idla ngokuba iivithamini B, "rifampicin" yaye "Phenytoin").
• Ukuba ngaba uthatha womchamo, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho. Ngenxa yokuba kakhulu kuchaphazela iziphumo zophando.

Ngoku funda ngenyameko njani ziqhube uvavanyo umchamo, ziziphi iintlobo kunye neendlela zokuqokelelwa.

Express Test

Eyona ndlela ilula ukukhangela umchamo wakho luvavanyo rapid. Luqhutywa phantsi sikhokelo iisaveyi ezicwangcisiweyo (kwi-ofisi igqirha losapho okanye ukwamkelwa esibhedlele), okanye xa efumanise lezigulane iintlungu esiswini, isisu okanye ubuya umva. Yenza azihlole kunokwenzeka usebenzisa imicwe ezizodwa kwiinkalo ezincinane ezinemibala, ekufuneka ukuxakeka ngesitya imizuzwana embalwa. Ugqirha ke fanisa umbala umchamo evela emasimini ngokombala ukumisela ubume bayo. Kuphela ingcali nga banokukhetha xi ulwelo ibonisa ecaleni layo kwisiqhelo.

uvavanyo zenziwe ziya kunceda ukuchonga ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

• inqanaba protein eninzi ukuba uba nephritis uphawu (ukudumba sezintso);
• Ubhaqo eswekile umchamo ketone yaye - umqondiso iswekile yegazi ophezulu;
• leukocytes kunye nitrites zibonisa yimbonakalo igciwane.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu hlalutyo akusoloko asilolokwenyani, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba ukuvavanya elabhoratri.

Clinical uphando (ngokubanzi)

Olu hlobo lokuvandlakanya yinxalenye uviwo lwesiqhelo kwenziwe okanye phambi kokuba ungene esibhedlele. Ngokusisiseko, lisetyenziswa ukufumana unobangela izifo zesibindi, izintso, womchamo yosulelo kwaye ukopha kwinkqubo womchamo. Kananjalo kufuneka ingasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zolo vavanyo ngokungafanelekanga olukhawulezileyo. Uhlalutyo epheleleyo lwenziwa elebhu, ngokuqhelekileyo amanyathelo 3:

1. Evaluation of umbala okuzikisa umchamo (Iimpawu zomzimba).
2. Khemikhali Ukubunjwa engamanzi, eliquka iimvavanyo ezininzi ezongezelelweyo pH, iiproteins, iswekile, ketones, igazi, yibilirubin, nayitrayithi, urobilinogen kunye leukocyte esterase.
3. Iingcali une iintlobo zovavanyo umchamo ukuba iintsholongwane ngemicroscope.

Iziphumo zezi zifundo kunceda ukuchonga le miba ilandelayo:

• yegazi ephezulu;
• efumanise abumbe wokuchama iya kubonisa uphuhliso isifo sezintso;
• Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwamanani umchamo iya kwenziwa ukuba gciwane ezininzi kuThixo abanezifo ezithile ezifana iingxaki ezidalwe, umhlaza isinyi, kwamathambo kunye porphyria (iqela ukuphazamiseka okubangwa kungalingani imichiza).

Ukuba ugqirha uye kwisifundo kwezonyango naluphi na utyeshelo kwisiqhelo, ngoko ke kukhuthazwa ukuba isigulana eso icakaca nomchamo losuleleko: Uhlalutyo Nechiporenko kunye nocazululo Zimnitskiy.

Uhlalutyo ngu nechyporenko

Le laboratory eye yenziwa ukukhangela imixholo-1 ml umchamo ezimhlophe iiseli igazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye lombhobho, ukuhlola imeko womchamo kunye nezintso. Olu hlobo lokuvandlakanya omiselwe okukhomba zilandelayo:

• hematuria efukamileyo (igazi nomchamo);
• esweni ukusebenza unyango;
• ukudumba efihlakeleyo izintso womchamo.

Uhlalutyo ngu Nechiporenko kucace kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo iimvavanyo umchamo. Indlela ukuqokelela umbandela, cinga kulandelayo:

• eve kufuneka uyeke ukusela utywala, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, ezakutshintsha umbala umchamo;
• ukuqokelela imfuneko yokuthenga iinkqubo yococeko;
• zilungiselelwe entweni ecocekileyo kwaye owomileyo ukuba ilandwe ngaphezu 20-30 ml kusasa umchamo;
• uzise kwilabhoratri oko kuyimfuneko iiyure ezi-2.

Amaxabiso Ngesiqhelo:

• leukocytes - 2000 ngo-1 ml umchamo;
• erythrocytes - 1000;
• iisilinda - 20.

Urinalysis for Zimnitskiy

Olu hlobo phando wahlukile. Kuyanceda ukuba ukuhlola imeko izintso ukuba Ukukhangela sokusilela kumabakala okuqala amalungu, kwakunye ukulandela Dynamics esi sifo.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba olu hlobo zokufunda:

• glomerulonephritis ezingapheliyo;
• diabetes;
• iimpawu ukusilela kwezintso;
• isifo sentliziyo unesifo;
• pyelonephritis ezingapheliyo (kidney nokudumba).

Kakade ke, iimvavanyo umchamo, iintlobo, iindlela zokuqokelela ziyahluka xa kufunyaniswa isifo nganye. Ukuqokelela izinto zophando kwi Zimnitskiy kufuneka ngenyameko. Kufuneka sizilungiselele iingqayi ezisibhozo ezihlambulukileyo, zonke umqondiso inombolo ukuchama (1, 2, 3 no njalo njalo). Kufuneka uqale ukuqokelela kwi 6.00 kusasa, zizi ziphindwe qho kwiiyure ezintathu. Khumbula ethulula umchamo kwisikhongozeli akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Phambi yokuthutha kwilabhoratri wabeka kwizingxobo efrijini. Zama kule mini ukugcina kwimo yaso yesiqhelo kunye nokudla. Musa ukulibala malunga nezenzo yococeko, kangangokuba iingqayi khange iintsholongwane kunye iintsholongwane eziyingozi.

Iziphumo zophononongo kwi kushenxwe kulo mmiselo:

• ukuncitshiswa kwisalamane lexinene umchamo nganye ukukhonza (ngezantsi 1020 g / l) sibonisa kwezintso kunye nesifo sentliziyo exacerbation pyelonephritis;
• ezixineneyo (ngaphezu kwama-1035 g / L) kunokwenzeka kwi-sokonakalisa olukhawulezisiweyo iiseli ezibomvu, glomerulonephritis ezinganyangekiyo okanye bukhali kwaye isifo seswekile.

Uhlalutyo ngu Kakovskomu-Addis. indlela Amburzhe

Jikelele kwenziwe iintlobo ezifana umchamo ebantwaneni, kuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa enoba zabantwana ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emi-3. Faka izigulane xa uzingela ukungaqheleki kuvavanyo jikelele ukuba kukho urhano malunga ukubonakala izifo wezintso kwaye womchamo, kwakunye nolawulo oluneenkcukacha phezu ukuhamba sifo sele bene.

Iziphumo zophando kunceda ukuchonga kukuvela ukudumba (Ngokuzimela, pyelonephritis kunye glomerulonephritis), kunye nokusebenza nezilawulekayo izintso womchamo.

Qokelela for analysis izinto ngeendlela ezimbini:

• iiyure ezili-12;
• emini.

Yintoni imbewu?

Yintoni na uvavanyo lomchamo? Iintlobo kunye neendlela zophando azixoxwa ngokwenkcukacha kweli nqaku. Ekulimeni yenziwa ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane eziyingozi, kwakunye ukujonga iimbono zabo.

Osengqayini laboratory zifakwe kwisingxobo umchamo. Emva koko, a ipleyiti encinane medium ukukhula ezincane obekwe kwi isampula ambathe atywinwe. Okulandelayo, wabeka Umgqomo ngesifukamisi iintsuku-2. Ukuba umchamo, nomngundo okanye neentsholongwane, baya kukhula kakhulu ngeli xesha.

Ukuba amagciwane isifundo afunyanwa, isigulane amisele uhlobo antibiotics ezifunekayo yokulwa nazo.

Urinalysis for Sulkovichu

Olu hlobo lophando isetyenziswa yokuvavanya uxilongo ekuqaleni izifo ezidalwe ukugula calcium ukutya. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo luchaneke kakhulu, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba ukuhlalutya ningadli zobisi kunye inyama neemveliso, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, usele iti nekofu. Zama ukufaka kwi ukutya okuziinkozo kuphela, yaphekwa ngamanzi.

Phambi ukuqokelela umchamo ulandele ezi zincomo:

• I musani ukudla iiyure 8, abantwana - Iiyure ezi-6;
• ukulandela lococeko esini, kangangokuba isampuli umchamo zange ukufumana iintsholongwane;
• impahla kufuneka iqokelelwe kwisikhongozeli abulawe asiwe esibhedlele.

Phantsi kweemeko laboratory, iingcali ongezwe Umchamo reagent Sulkovicha, nto leyo eya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani calcium yibilirubin.

Uhlalutyo ngemihla

Olu vavanyo ukuqokelela umchamo emini ngendlela ilandelayo:

• sampula wokuqala lo kusetyenziswa emva uvuka, kodwa ixesha uchama khona;
• emva ithontsi umbandela eqokelelwe embizeni;
• xa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 ukuba achame, kufuneka ugqirha ukuba isikhongozeli okhethekileyo, nto leyo esele wabeka into ukwenzela ukuthintela ukukhula iintsholongwane, uwaphalazele kuyo lonke ulwelo eqokelelwe;
• xa niqokelela ivenkile ingqayi efrijini.

uxilongo ibonisa ubungakanani izinto ezithile (ezifana iiproteni, iihomoni, iityuwa, kunye nezinye metabolites) salawo aphumayo. Ukuba iingcali ndiyifumene umchamo creatinine metabolic elincinane kakhulu, ngoko kukho urhano impilo kwezintso yehla. Amanqanaba protein eninzi kunokubangelwa sisifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, isifo wokuchama phecana, isifo sezintso. Ezinye iingxaki ezidalwe ukwandisa isixa hormone iimveliso zabo pathways Umchamo.

uvavanyo lokukhulelwa

Kakade ke, ezi ntlobo zovavanyo umchamo yokuziphatha kwabasetyhini. Ukuba umjikelo sakho sexesheni esingaqalwanga, ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba utshekishe ukuba ukhulelwe na. Uninzi lophononongo nako ukufumanisa oku ngosuku lweshumi kwesisu. Noko ke, azisoloko zithembekile. Thenga iimvavanyo kungaba nayiphi ekhemesti.

Qhuba ezi ntlobo analyses umchamo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kusasa, emva uvuka. imiyalelo ethile ifumaneka kweli phetshana kwiphakheji. Emva echama makaqokelele isixa encinane umchamo kusasa sehlise Umgqomo intonga yeemvavanyo imizuzwana embalwa. Emva kwemizuzu emihlanu, yena uya kukuxelela ukuba ukhulelwe okanye hayi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ngamanye amaxesha ibe bubuxoki. Oku kwenzeka kwiimeko apho umfazi uyibambile kwangoko kakhulu, iziyobisi ezithile okanye usele amanzi kakhulu phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo. ugqirha Kuphela kuya kukuxelela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ukhulelwe okanye hayi.

Iintlobo umchamo ebantwaneni

Oogqirha unakho, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo lokugqiba urinalysis umntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le njongo zothintelo, kukuvela ezingaqhelekanga kwi urinalysis okanye ulawulo ububonile sifo.

Cinga iintlobo eziphambili umchamo ebantwaneni:

• Jikelele (lwezonyango) uchama.
• Test Nechiporenko.
• Uhlalutyo yi Zimnitskiy.
• Uxilongo lwe Kakovskomu-Addis.
• indlela Amburzhe.
• Isampula Sulkovicha.
• umchamo inkcubeko bacteriological.
• Isampula Reberga.

Iintlobo umchamo ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ukususela ngoko, njengokuba umfazi omithiyo ubhaliswe ukuba ugqirha, kuba ngethuba yokumitha isiphakamiso ukuba kudlula urinalysis. Kwimeko efumanise nayiphi na engaqhelekanga ugqirha wesifundo iyakwazisa ukubamba umchamo for Nechiporenko okanye Zimnitskiy neemvavanyo bacteriological ukuchonga usulelo.

esweni olunjalo luya kunceda iingcali ukuhlola imeko lwesinye, ukufumanisa isifo sezintso, ukuvela seswekile kunye nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa, nto leyo ukuphuhlisa kwi kwiveki wamashumi amabini yokukhulelwa. Amazinga aphezulu kwiproteni zibonisa ukudumba womchamo. imigangatho ephakamileyo ketones zibonisa ukuba umzimba bhinqa ngu ngamanzi. Ukuziphatha wena abafazi abakhulelweyo ayikhuthazwa urinalysis. Zonke iintshukumo kufuneka kuxoxwe kunye nogqirha wakho.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, sinokugqiba:

• umchamo analysis, iintlobo kunye neendlela kwaqokelelwa ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwa kuphela ngesindululo kagqirha;
• uphando onokuyenza wena, ezifana njengovavanyo rapid kunye novavanyo lokukhulelwa;
• nezinye iintlobo kuxilongo lwenziwa kuphela elabhoratri ukufumanisa nantoni na engaqhelekanga;
• ukunciphisa amathuba kungcoliseko ziibhakteriya umchamo, landela ngococeko.