Iqela Star: inkcazelo, iimpawu kunye neendidi

Esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngosuku ecacileyo ungabona ezininzi izibane kancinane abumlilorha - iinkwenkwezi. Enyanisweni, ubungakanani kungaba nzima yaye amakhulu okanye amawaka amaxesha mkhulu kunaye Yomhlaba. Bayakwazi zisuswe, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ibe cluster inkwenkwezi.

Yintoni inkwenkwezi?

The Star i Balloon omkhulu eliquka yigesi. Oku uyakwazi babanjwe amandla womxhuzulane yayo. mass ogcwele, ngokuqhelekileyo iplanethi ngakumbi. Ngaphakathi kuzo kukho abasabela yenyukliya enegalelo ukukhutshwa ukukhanya.

Stars ukwenzeka ncakasana yeehidrojeni helium, kwakunye nothuli. iqondo lobushushu yangaphakathi unako ukufikelela ukuya kwizigidi kelvins, nangona ngaphantsi kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale gas iibhaloni yemilinganiselo kukho ubunzima, radius yaye iqaqambile, ngamanye amandla.

Iliso lenyama ungabona indoda malunga namawaka amathandathu iinkwenkwezi (amawaka amathathu ikhweyitha ngalinye). Kufutshane Umhlaba, sibona nje ngosuku - oko ilanga. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-150. Le nkwenkwezi ekufutshane wezijikelezi-langa, ekuthiwa Proxima Centauri.

Ukuzalwa iinkwenkwezi namacandelo

Eluthulini kunye negesi umnikelo ngemithamo mda kwisithuba oluphakathi, kufuneka zixinaniswe phantsi kwempembelelo amandla omxhuzulane. I yaqiniswa ukuba zixinaniswe, iqondo eliphezulu usenziwa ngaphakathi. izinto ubunjwe kokufumana ubunzima, kwaye ukuba kwanele ukuba ngeeatom, kukho inkwenkwezi.

Ukususela ilifu uthuli idla kwasekwa iinkwenkwezi eziliqela, alwa nye endle omxhuzulane kwaye zenze inkqubo inkwenkwezi. Ngoko ke, kukho kabini, kathathu, kunye nezinye iinkqubo. iinkwenkwezi ngaphezu kweshumi zenze cluster.

Iqela Star liqela leenkwenkwezi yokwehla eziqhelekileyo abaqhagamshelwe kwenye nenye womxhuzulane, kwaye endle iminyele ukuhambisa integrally. Zahlula-hlulwe ibhola kunye saa. Koko iinkwenkwezi, izihloko sinokuqulatha irhasi kunye nothuli. Umanyaniswe imvelaphi efanayo, kodwa enezinto iqela ubunzulu imizimba yasezulwini ekuthiwa unxulumano ogcwele.

Imbali obafunyanwa

Abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ubukele isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Kodwa ixesha elide bekukholeleka ukuba imizimba yasezulwini ukuba ngokufanayo kusiwa wendalo. Xa ngeenkwenkwezi ngenkulungwane XVIII Uilyam Gershel waphosa elinye ucelomngeni Sciences, wathi kwezinye iindawo iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ngokucacileyo ngaphezu kwabanye.

A kancinane kokuba ugxa wakhe Sharl Messe iqaphele ubukho mafu esibhakabhakeni. Ukubukela nge iteleskopu, iHerschel wafumanisa ukuba oku akusoloko kunjalo. Wabona ukuba ngamanye amaxesha nebula inkwenkwezi - Iqela leenkwenkwezi ezibonakala ukuba ligazi, ukuba sijonga nabo ngeliso lenyama. Wafumanisa ngokuthi "inqwaba". kamva livele elinye igama la Way - ezisebenzisanayo star.

IHerschel wakwazi ukuchaza izihloko zomdiliya amawaka amabini. Ngenkulungwane XIX, ngeenkwenkwezi sele uqinisekile ukuba ezahlukeneyo imilo nobukhulu. Koko ibhola kunye amaqela ezivulekileyo sele yabelwe. izifundo eneenkcukacha ye la iqale kwinkulungwane XX.

izihloko Vula

Phakathi Sisihloko iinkwenkwezi ziyahluka kwenani kunye nemilo. cluster Star lungaquka ukusuka kwishumi ukuya iinkwenkwezi amawaka aliqela. Besebancinane kakhulu, iminyaka yabo ibe yiminyaka kuphela kwesigidi ezimbalwa. Le klasta star khange ichazwe ngokucacileyo imida, ngokuqhelekileyo isantya ziwe ezitenxileyo.

Kumnyele wethu, wafumanisa ngeenxa 1100 amaqela. Aphila elide, kuba eziwafaka omxhuzulane ibuthathaka kwaye nawaphula ngokulula ngenxa sicatshulwa ecaleni zamafu igesi okanye amanye amaqela. "Lost" iinkwenkwezi baba single.

Lezinto ezifanayo amaninzi zifumaneka kwi iingalo ezijikeleze kwaye kufuphi moya galactic - apho xi igesi mkhulu. Baye ubukhali kwaye shapeless ashinyeneyo, engundoqo kakuhle distinguishable. amaqela Vula zihlelwe ngokungqinelana umahluko nokubekwa lexinene ekukhanyeni iinkwenkwezi basekhaya distinguishability kuthelekiswa ne ezisingqongileyo.

izihloko globular

Mu kuya kwa nshita saa, izihloko globular abe imilo ecacileyo ukulenza. iinkwenkwezi abo bahlanganisa umxhuzulane lisondele kakhulu, yaye enye ngeenxa zonke esembindini, idlala indima-Hewana. Ubudala kula maqela kuba amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu saa, ukusukela kwiminyaka ezigidi-10 ubudala nangaphezulu. Kodwa inani zingaphantsi, kumnyele wethu bunako izihloko globular malunga 160.

Bona ziqulathe amashumi amawaka ukuya iinkwenkwezi million, uyazikhomba leyo eyandisa ukuya embindini. Bona esibonakala ngokungabikho igesi kunye nothuli njengoko kwasekwa kudala. Zonke iinkwenkwezi yangamacandelo globular zisendaweni malunga enye inqanaba lophuhliso, nto leyo ethetha ukuba endimyilileyo, kwakunye saa, ngeenxa zonke ngaxeshanye.

Ukuxinana aphezulu iinkwenkwezi yesihloko kudla ngokukhokelela ukungqubana. Ngenxa yoko, iiklasi okungaqhelekanga abunjwe imizimba. Ngokomzekelo, xa amalungu inkqubo yokubini hlanganisa, kukho straggler oluhlaza. Kuyinto shushwana kakhulu iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza kunye namanye amalungu yesihloko. Ngexesha Ungquzulwano zinokwenzeka nezinye indawo nezingaqhelekanga, ezifana ezisezantsi ubunzima okubini X-reyi kwaye pulsars millisecond.

star Association

Ngokungafaniyo izihloko, imibutho inkwenkwezi ezinganxulumananga yi yintsimi efanayo omxhuzulane, ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa amandla ayo lisezantsi kakhulu. Bavele ngexesha elifanayo abe yobudala encinane, ukufikelela amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka.

Unxulumano ogcwele kugqithisela ubukhulu amaqela abatsha evulekileyo. Bona ezabanjwa ngakumbi emajukujukwini, yaye ziquka ukuya kumakhulu iinkwenkwezi kumafa yayo. Malunga kweshumi kubo - Anaki ezishushu.

ifildi omxhuzulane amandla awukuvumeli iinkwenkwezi ixesha elide ukuba umbutho. Kuba ukubola kufuneka ukusuka elinamanci ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka yezigidi - ngokwemigqaliselo ngeenkwenkwezi ngayo ayinamsebenzi. Ngoko ke, umbutho obalaseleyo kuthiwa ixesha ukubunjwa.

awo eyaziwa

a kuphela amawaka ambalwa ezisebenzisanayo star sibanjwa, ezinye zazo iyabonakala ngeliso lenyama. Osondele Emhlabeni saa Pleiades (Stozhary) kunye Hyades, ibekwe kule umlaza Taurus. Eyokuqala iqulathe iinkwenkwezi malunga 500, ngaphandle ngokukhanya ezizodwa distinguishable esixhenxe kuphela. Hyades basondele Aldebaran kwaye ziqulathe malunga 130 eziqaqambileyo slabogoryaschih nxaxheba 300.

Vula cluster inkwenkwezi umhlaza umlaza nalo ngomnye kwisibizo. Ibizwa ngokuba esitalini kwaye iqulathe amalungu ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini. Iimpawu ezininzi yomkhombe kunye Hyades ayafana, ngoko kukho kungenzeka ukuba akhiwa ilifu efanayo yerhasi nothuli.

Ngokulula alibonakali ngokusebenzisa cluster zizibonakude inkwenkwezi kwi kwikhoma umlaza Berenices kumntla ikhweyitha. Eli qela globular M 53, wafumanisa emva ngo 1775. It ibekwe ukukhanya-kwiminyaka engama-60 000. Ukuxinana yenye ezikude kakhulu ukusuka Earth, nangona ngokulula lwavela ngokusebenzisa zizibonakude. Inani elikhulu uluhlu globular zifumaneka kule umlaza Sagittarius.

isiphelo

izihloko Star amaqela amakhulu iinkwenkwezi, simanyene omnye komnye yi womxhuzulane. Kufuneka phakathi ezilishumi neenkwenkwezi eziliqela yezigidi, nto leyo ibe imvelaphi eqhelekileyo. Ngokomthetho ukwahlula amaqela globular kunye ezivulekileyo, ezahluke fomu, isakhiwo, ubungakanani, inani lamalungu kunye nobudala babo. Ngaphandle kwezi, kukho amaqela yethutyana, ekuthiwa unxulumano ogcwele. eziwafaka omxhuzulane ubuthathaka kakhulu, nto leyo eya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekuweni kwaye ukuyilwa iinkwenkwezi standard enye.