Oko iqulathe zomhlaba? Imihlaba yesanti. zemihlaba emuncu

Yintoni na ubutyebi inkulu planethi yethu? Kakade ke, ukuba amanzi kunye nomoya, kodwa musa ukulibala ngento enye. Malunga ngezizathu. It is a zeendawana echumileyo inika izigidi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana nezityalo, kuba ngenxa yakhe ukuba kukho inxalenye enkulu ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila. Uyazi ukuba yintoni iqulathe zomhlaba? Ukuba unomdla, uyakwazi ukufunda inqaku lethu!

Yintoni na umhlaba?

Abaninzi bacinga ukuba umhlaba ngaphantsi kweenyawo zabo - ukungcola njengesiqhelo, ukuba bacinge ngendlela efanayo yakheke kwaye wenza akekho. Okwangoku, umhlaba ukubunjwa entsonkothileyo kakhulu zendalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yahlulahlulwe yaba into eqinileyo yaye inxalenye ulwelo icandelo live iqhekeza sukube. Ukubunjwa component eziqinileyo ziquka izimbiwa ezininzi, yaye isixa esithile zenkqunto efile organic. Iqhezu elulwelo - amanzi kunye nezithako lichithakale.

Ngako oko, ibe yinxalenye kwemimoya ethile ubalisa umoya kunye nezinye iigesi akhiwa emhlabeni ngenxa ukuvuza kukho iinkqubo zendalo eziphilayo. Isigaba Live - kukho izigidi zezigidi nomngundo, ukungunda, micro-eziphilayo, imbewu, kunye nezinye zokubasa. Yiloo nto okuthathwa umhlaba.

Iimpawu iqhezu eqinileyo

Amasuntswana ye elements yezimbiwa eqinileyo zenza isiseko iqhezu eqinileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ibe isanti kunye nodongwe. Phantsi kwentlabathi kakuhle ezakha mm-1 ukuya 0,01 ububanzi, yaye yonke into mncinci kuno 0,01 mm, akha udongwe. Zonke amasuntswana of sentimitha ngaphezu kwesinye ubukhulu benziwa amathambo ematyeni.

Into ekufuneka uyazi yonke le nto? Isibakala sokuba ipesenti ezi zinto ixhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaba. Apha kukho inkcazelo komhlaba, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimisebenzi yakhe phantse zonke kwezolimo Mbasa:

• Isanti ezikhululekileyo, nto leyo ibe ngaphezulu kwe-5% udongwe.
• Sand eziphathelene, nto leyo eye 5-10% zodongwe.
• Sandy obambe, apho iqhezu udongwe uza-20%.
• obambe Light. Umxholo iqhezu ngodongwe elingana 20-30%.
• Umyinge umhlaba womile. Iqulethe 30-45% udongwe.
• obambe Heavy, uye 45-60% apho ngodongwe emzimbeni.
• Clay.

Ukwazi igama lomhlaba, uya kukwazi ukujonga nokuba yintoni na eyenza umhlaba.

ezinye iimpawu

Kakade ke, isakhiwo mechanical iye ikutshoyo nempembelelo kumgangatho womhlaba zezolimo wenzala kunye zokubasa kulo. Ngoko ke, xa kusenziwa, loams ezinentlabathi kunye nentlabathi kakhulu imihlaba ukukhanya kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba processing lwabo kuthatha kancinci amandla kunye nemithombo. Ngenxa yoko, phantse zonke obambe medium oyisanti nodongwe ngokwayo kunganxulunyaniswa kumhlaba enzima, kuba ukulima kunye nokulima kufuneka achithe amafutha eninzi kunene. Ezinye iimpawu zomhlaba kwakhona ixhomekeke kakhulu texture lwabo.

Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba ukukhanya evakalala kakhulu, kulula kakhulu ukuba bangashiyi ukufuma nzulu kunye nomoya. Bamana besotha phezulu ngokukhawuleza entwasahlobo. Loo nto nje bawela emanzini, ukuba ngaba ngenkankulu zigcinwe, kwaye zonke iintsalela eziphilayo ezibonakalisa ukuchuma komhlaba kulula kakhulu lula ndahlamba. zomhlaba oludongwe embi, Akazifudumeza ukufuma yokupasa elizothe kunye nomoya. Kodwa isiqulatho sokufuma usoloko malunga efanayo. A isiqulatho sezondlo liphezulu kakhulu xa uthelekisa la manani kunye kwimihlaba yesanti.

isakhiwo

Zonke izinto zomhlaba izimbiwa ukuze ihlanganiselwe ukwenza izakhiwo ezinkulu. Ukuba le kuthiwa anayenza, umhlaba bobabo kwiintlobo efan. Loo ncwadi isenokungabi zeendawana kakhulu ekukhuleni isityalo kuba akukho lukhuselekile kakuhle inkqubo ingcambu.

imihlaba yesanti

umzekelo ogqibeleleyo - ezi imihlaba enesanti. Ngoko ke wabiza primer, equlethe-0 ukuya ku-5% zodongwe. Imihlaba elolu hlobo elula kakhulu, bona awunayo nasiphi na isakhiwo. Kwezi, phantse nangoko yakuhlamba izondlo kunye namanzi ngumphunga ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuze ufumane ubuncinane isivuno ezithile kwiimeko ezinjalo kaninzi kuye kufuneke ukuba ukubeka isixa esikhulu lwesichumiso, kwaye wenze umhlaba kwesakhiwo, igalelo udongwe, umgquba kunye kwimbuphu yesarha overrotten. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umhlaba oyisanti kulo mzekelo kuphumelela ukuba eninzi kakhulu, ekubeni yophuculo kwafuneka achithe ixesha elininzi, izibonelelo kunye nemali.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inzululwazi akazami ukuba balwe ngokwabo ngokunqongophala lwesakhiwo esantini, kwaye ukhethe ezo izityalo ezinokuvula ngayo wena. Ngokukodwa, kukho imihlanganiselwa ngokwaso ngokukodwa iimeko entlango.

Zinelungelo uphuhliso iingcambu ezinezikhondo, apho amatyholo eziliqela yengca nga ngokuqinileyo basondelelane nabanye ukwenza i "isigubungelo" namandla. Ngaphantsi oko ngokuthe ngcembe ukuqokelelana izondlo, kuba amanzi kunye nomoya akusekho kukwazi iphume kwaye ukuwavuthela. Ukuba izityalo bahlwayelwayo ngathi umhlaba semi-entlango, kwiminyaka embalwa akubunjwanga eyamkelekileyo kakhulu ngenxa izilimo zomhlaba.

Yintoni umhlaba olungileyo ukuze wokufama?

Izazinzulu zezolimo bakholelwa ukuba eliphezulu kakhulu umhlaba kunye ubukhulu bamagaqa ukususela mm-10 ukuya 0.25. Kuyinto aneentunja kwaye kakuhle omelana ukukhukuliseka. Ngaphezu koko, loo umhlaba omhle tight ngamanzi, kodwa koko komphunga wayo kade kakhulu.

Uncedo engundoqo kukuba eziphezu olu hlobo lomhlaba Oku ayakhekanga uqweqwe womisa ashinyeneyo ethintela ukukhula kunye nophuhliso izityalo zenkcubeko. Awomeleleyo ubume bomhlaba umoya uhlala ezingundoqo, oko ongavuthelwanga ngaphandle ongaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, noshowo umhlaba ceteris paribus luza kuvumela ukuqokelela isivuno likhulu kakhulu.

Kakade ke, ungafumana le japan nomhlaba efan, kodwa kuya kufuneka ukuba bachithe ixesha elininzi kunye nemali ezama Nokwethisa ngandlel iimpawu zayo ezimbi.

wamatye

Kunye amasuntswana yezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo iqhezu eziqinileyo nayo iquka amasuntswana wamatye. Khumbula ukuba ukuze ngokuba iintsalela zezilwanyana nezityalo, processed microflora lomhlaba. Ngokubanzi, kumhlaba eqhelekileyo iqulethe isixa esikhulu izondlo, kodwa uninzi lwazo ayifumaneki izityalo.

Kuphela ngenxa amagciwane saprophytic ezicoca ezinjalo organic, izityalo ziyafumaneka ukuze ukufunxeka kwezondlo. I eliphezulu Umaleko Umhlaba iqulethe ukuya kwi-15% wamatye. Oko kukuthi, ngcono iimpawu ezibalulekileyo umhlaba - wenzala kunye lula processing.

Water kunye neegesi

Asikokubaxa kuthi ukuba zonke iinkqubo Umhlaba kuza kuphela xa ukufuma komhlaba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ngaphandle akuyi kukhula nokuphuhlisa izityalo, idake amagciwane. Zonke neetyuwa ukufuma elimdaka Micro elements, leyo iqhawulwa kuyo, ndawonye bakha isisombululo lomhlaba. Kule sivela nezityalo ayimfuneko ubomi kunye nophuhliso lweziqalelo kwezimbiwa.

Wonke amathuba phakathi kwamasuntswana, leyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo asihlali mntu ngamanzi nomoya. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, oku kuthatha indawo methane, emanzini, icarbon dioxide okanye nyulu (imihlaba ehlathini kwiindawo nasezihlanjeni). Ke kaloku, umoya Soil nje isiqulatho efanayo kunye ezahlukeneyo ophezulu carbon monoxide. Ukuba izityalo uzive okulungileyo, yaye amagciwane saprophytic ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ukuze kulungiswe zeendawana, umhlaba kufuneka ubuncinane i-15% zezulu.

iqhekeza Live

Njengokuba sele sitshilo kwi iqhezu live ibandakanya iintsholongwane, ulele nomngundo. zibalulekile emangalisayo Iintsholongwane emhlabeni, njengoko ukuguqula izimbiwa zibe iintlobo ezikhoyo izityalo. Ngaphezu koko, imidumba angene nama ezincane, bayakwazi ukulungisa nitrogen emoyeni, wasibeka uhlobo ukutya.

Okubalulekileyo! Ukuba umhlaba pH ephantsi (umhlaba asidi), intsholongwane kuwo incinci kakhulu. Umsebenzi phezu yokubola organic iintsalela kulo mzekelo asebenza ngokupheleleyo fungi. Kakade ke, emhlabeni ziqulathe isixa esikhulu nkqu ezingenamqolo multicellular kunye ezinomqolo (iintuku, amabuzi) izilwanyana.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni loo nto ibandakanya umhlaba.

umhlaba asidi

Ekubeni sitshilo malunga esiveza uphawu imihlaba acid, makhe sithethe kulo mhlaba kancinci. Iyintoni na yonke loo nto?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho imihlaba na iasidi zabo. Esi salathisi cala, ukuba pH ilingana 7. Ukuba umhlaba obrak. Less - lo mhlaba asidi. Lo mba kuchaphazela kuphela kwi microflora, kodwa kwakhona kubungakanani kwezimbiwa ichithwe emhlabeni kunye nezondlo. Uninzi izityalo ilinywa abafuna ukwenzelwa ukuba umhlaba cala okanye ialakalin kancinane, kodwa kukho kwakhona eziphilayo ekufuneka imeko asidi. Umzekelo, irye, nto leyo yedwa kancane ngokubonakalayo emhlabeni.

Siza kuqinisekisa ukuba pH kuphela

Oku kuza kufuna ukuba ibhalbhu kunye Isalathisi isisombululo (ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo, umzekelo) ukuba uyakwazi ukutshintsha umbala ngokuxhomekeke iimpawu eliphakathi. Isikhephe naye imali encinci lomhlaba, kwaye ngoko zonke angcangcazele elungileyo kakhle bonke. Emva koko kufuneka ukuba ulinde de nguhlalisa oluludaka kwaye isisombululo asixhomekekanga ukutshintsha umbala. Ukusebenzisa imiyalelo ichiza, isigqibo iasidi lomhlaba. Loo nto kumiselwa iimpawu zomhlaba.

Isilumkiso! Ngokwahlukileyo koko abaninzi, i-pH ayikho njalo. Kusenokuba eyahlukileyo nkqu kwiindawo ezikufuphi yomyezo, ngoko uphando kufuneka wenziwe izihlandlo eziliqela, ukuthatha iisampulu zomhlaba kwiindawo ubuncinane ezintathu okanye ezine. Emva kokuba isicelo ngasinye izichumisi (ingakumbi izimbiwa) Kwakhona kufuneka uhlole izinga asidi.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukutshintsha isalathiso?

Ukuba umhlaba asidi, kuyimfuneko ukuba deoxidize na. Ukulungiselela le njongo, lekalika, itshokhwe, yaye ezinye imixube buffer, ezo ngokukodwa uvelisa kushishino lwezolimo. Kwimeko xa iasidi kusafuneka nje ukuphucula, ukusebenzisa umgquba eziqhelekileyo okanye umgquba. Ewe, umhlaba asidi kudla zifumaneka abo balimi abasebenzisa amanzi amaninzi yinto isichumiso yendalo.