Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation Kukho iweb eninzi abadlali, kuquka okwilizwe, kummandla kunye lizwe. Ngamnye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lizwe kwaye eziliqela iimpawu. Kodwa kukho isifundo isitshixo. Le Central Federal District, i core nembali kunye nezoqoqosho karhulumente kangangeenkulungwane. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela ubume kwezoqoqosho okwilizwe, yindawo elikuyo, ezinika kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Overview

Central Federal District of the Russian Federation - na ummandla eli lizwe kunye mninzi omkhulu babantu. Yasungulwa ngo-2000 ngokomyalelo kaMongameli Rossi Vladimira Putin. Njengenxalenye okwilizwe akukho yq, oko kuquka kuphela ndawo kunye ikomkhulu eMoscow. Kubalulekile kwakhona iziko solawulo okwilizwe kunye sixeko sikhulu. Igama livela hayi ukusuka indawo okuyo kwisithili, kwaye ukusuka umsebenzi zayo zembali.

Le ndawo ibisoloko kakhulu phambili kwezoqoqosho, kwezenkcubeko kwezopolitiko. I-ofisi yesithili ibekwe amaziko emfundo engcono kweli lizwe, Walizinzisa inkqubo eziphuhlileyo zonxibelelwano zothutho. Ngaphakathi Kwathi ngempumelelo: Automotive, lezixhobo kunye namanye amashishini. Abantu abaninzi eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe beze indawo esisigxina yomsebenzi in CFD okanye eMoscow njengoko zixeko zindala kwaye elithembisayo zokuphila kunye nophuhliso.

geography

Iindawo Central Federal District ligubungela ummandla ka 650 200 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Kuyinto phantse-4% yabo yonke indawo Russia. CFA ukwakweli East European Plain. Xa ngemida yeSithili converges kunye Belarus kunye Ukraine.

Ngaphakathi CFD ikhula engumxube, amahlathi avuthulukayo. Inxalenye yommandla ehlanganiswa emathafeni kunye nehlathi emathafeni. Kukho kwakhona kwenzeka imilambo emikhulu iVolga, i-Don, i Dnieper kunye Western Dvina. Imozulu, baba ziingcathu. Ubushushu imiyinge ebusika degrees 15 Sentigredi ehlotyeni - 22 degrees.

Inani elikhulu yezimbiwa ekuveliseni kummandla Central Federal District. Ezi ziquka phosphate rock, isamente izinto, lenyengane, namalahle. Phantse-20% yazo zonke zikaloliwe Russian yandisa kwi Central Federal District.

labantu

Abantu 39.209.580 ubomi Central Federal District of Russia. Ngesinye square kilometre 60. Oku ngaphezu kwe-25% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. isiqingatha sabo Phantse kuhlala ikomkhulu Central Federal District. kummandla eMoscow eMoscow waba ekhaya kubemi abangaphezu kwezigidi 17.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba liqhubeka nokwanda. Kule minyaka 7 zokugcina gqolo kwandisa inani layo. Rhoqo ngonyaka kwi kummandla Central Federal District maxa 200-300 amawaka abantu. Nokwanda ezala. Ukususela ngo-2002, kuye kwakho ukwanda kubomi babantu abahlala kule ndawo lizwe.

Inkoliso yabantu yi Russian, babe apha phantse-90% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. Kwindawo yesibini Ukrainian, xa kuphela iqhezu-1%. Ngapha koko kukho Armenian, Tatar Azerbaijani kunye isabelo ngaphantsi kwe-1%. Phakathi iilwimi nazo alawulwa iqela Slavic, oko kukuthi Russian. isabelo sayo - 92% okanye ngaphezulu.

izinto

Elise kummandla Central Federal District Russia izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Kolomna yesicelo. Enye yeendawo onomtsalane kweli lizwe. I yesicelo yakhiwa kwisithuba ukususela 1525 nge-1531, yaye waba inqaba kungenakugqithwa ukuba urhulumente eMoscow iminyaka emininzi. nje inxalenye yale nqaba, iindonga ezimbalwa neenqaba 7 siyakhuselwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngaphakathi yesicelo yayakhiwe Cathedral ye kwingcinga kunye iperi ecaweni, nto leyo nayo ixabisa ukutyelelwa.

ESmolensk inqaba eludongeni. lwakwakhiwa udonga kwisithuba ukususela 1595 ngo-1602. Ubude bayo ngu 6.5 km. ESmolensk nqaba indawo Committe ebalulekileyo kurhulumente Russian. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 izihlandlo ezininzi ayihlasela umkhosi wotshaba, kude kangaka nje inxalenye iinqaba wahlala kulo.

Hopersky Reserve. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1935, Park idlale indima ebonakalayo zokonga muskrat Russian, ogama bakhona ayehla. I-Reserve yenye bazizinhanha Europe. On nommandla wayo kukho 400 amachibi, apho wonke umthombo izikhukhula ukuya kwi-80% yommandla reserve. Economic Department of the Central Federal District inika ingqwalasela eyodwa kuphuhliso kummandla okhuselweyo.

umnotho

Phantse 34% yenani lilonke lemveliso gross zommandla okwabangela Central Federal District. Apha ke kubalulekile ukuba ubhale-22% kwezolimo kunye 26.5% kwimveliso mveliso.

Isabelo lilonke ishishini CFD nama elingana-20% yalo lonke ilizwe. indawo Black Umhlaba, ezaba engundoqo ongamiselwanga eRashiya, ubambe igunya kwemveliso yoshishino, amandla lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, obunjineli boomatshini kunye nezinye iindidi zamashishini.

CFD nayo inkokeli ngokwemiqathango kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho, ukuba usithelekise kwezinye izithili yase eli lizwe. On nommandla wayo likhaya inani elikhulu Iingcali ezivela kumacandelo emveliso kunye nesicwangciso zobugcisa.

CFA uvelisa ngaphezu kwe-22% ombane belizwe,-19% of zesinyithi ayoni. Kwakhona ikhupha izixa ezikhulu iimveliso zobisi kumazwe ukusuka apha ukuya kuma-30% isonka kunye amaqashiso utywala (phantse isiqingatha).

Education and Science

Ngaphezu kwama-80% azo zonke uphando Russian lwenzululwazi lwenziwe kummandla Central Federal District. iilebhu Scientific kunye namaziko ziqwalaselwa ngaphakathi kwisithili, i isakhono phantse ngokupheleleyo yonke karhulumente. Izazinzulu abasuka kwilizwe ufika e Moscow kukuba ukufumana imali ukuphuhlisa ishishini labo okanye uqale ukusebenza kunye nezinye iinkokheli ofanelekileyo.

Indima ebalulekileyo kule idlalwa kwinkqubo yemfundo ye CFD. Phantse 40% lamaziko zikwindawo apha, nesahlulo sesithathu bonke abafundi ababhalise kwesi sithili. Amaziko emfundo eMoscow nommandla eMoscow athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abatsha, njengoko ekholelwa ukuba kwiiyunivesithi eMoscow uyakwazi ukufumana imfundo ephucukileyo ngelitye umchankcatho elikhulu kwikamva kunye amathuba kuphuhliso olungaphezulu.

ezintsha

Ukuya ku-25% yazo zonke iimbono ezintsha kunye nophuhliso bazalwa ngaphakathi CFD. Oku lula kwamaziko ophando kunye neepaki zoshishino ezifana "Skolkovo". On indawo yabo rhoqo nokuphuhlisa izimvo ezintsha wenziwe. Engineers abasebenza "Skolkovo", benza iiprojekthi kwiinkampani ngamazwe ezibonelela ngeenkonzo web kunye nezinye iimveliso eliphezulu-zobugcisa zombini namashishini karhulumente nawabucala. Nyewe ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso belusoloko ingxelo. Iingcali ezivela kwilizwe lonke rhoqo babelane ngamava abo, qokelela le nkomfa kwaye Russia iitalente ezitsha asakhasayo States imihla, ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa libe lisalele ngasemva kwabanye. Abaninzi abaphumeleleyo zeeyunivesithi Russian angaphandle njengangoku abasebenza kwi-IT-kwiinkampani ibekwe kummandla Central Federal District.

inkqubo wokuweza

I-Central Federal weSithili linamalungu enye kwiindlela ezininzi eziphambili kunye nezothutho ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Endaweni kwayo akupheleli Trans-Siberian Railway. Phakathi iintlobo zezithuthi ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi CFA zibe bodwa kaloliwe, indlela, umoya, amanzi, kunye angaphantsi komhlaba (komhlaba eMoscow).

Ubude lweendlela kummandla ka-146 391 eekhilomitha ngo-2010. Ngokusebenzisa CFD ezi 65 imigca kaloliwe. Apha ke yenzelwe Moscow izithuthi hub (phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezona eRashiya).

Ngokubhekiselele kuthutho emoyeni, ukongeza ezaziwayo-kakuhle Vnukovo kunye Sheremetyevo, phezu kummandla Central Federal District isebenza enye moya-29. Bonke bephela zilawulwa yi-Arhente Federal Transport.

Enye indlela ebalulekileyo zezithuthi ezisebenzayo kwesi sithili - yamafutha. Nazi ezi lwemibhobho elide kweli lizwe. Umzekelo, engundoqo oyile yombhobho Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. ubude baso kangangoko 230 leekhilomitha.