Steel R6M5: iimpawu, isicelo

Yenza ingxubevange elementi iqela yesibhozo Periodic Mendeleyev System of atomic inani 26 (intsimbi) kunye nabanye carbon kunye nezinye izinto ezidla ngokuba ngentsimbi. It has amandla ephakamileyo lukhuni, siyayiswela ductility kunye ubulukhuni ngenxa carbon. elements Alloying ukwandisa iimpawu ezintle ingxubevange. Kodwa sobhedu kuthathwa ukuba izinto ebuntsimbi equlethe ubuncinane 45% yentsimbi.

Cinga ingxubevange ezifana nesinyithi R6M5, uze ufunde oko iimpawu iye kwaye esetyenziswa ngayo iinkalo.

Manganese njengento alloying

De kwinkulungwane XIX yonyango zesinyithi non-ayoni kunye neenkuni kusetyenziswa carbon ngentsimbi. iimpawu zayo nangokukrola kuba oko kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Noko ke, xa uzama ukwenza iindawo isixhobo sentsimbi shushu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ziphele kwaye zikhubazekile.

metallurgist IsiNgesi Robert Myushett ngokubonisa ngee-eksperimenti bafumanise ukuba ukuze enze ingxubevange okuhlala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza i oxidant, nto leyo eya amkhulule ukusuka kwemfuneko oksijini. Uphosa steel Steel yongeza isipili intsimbi, linegama manganese. Ekubeni into alloying, ipesenti yawo kufuneka ingadluli 0.8%. Ngenxa yoko, steel R6M5 iquka ukusuka 0.2% ukuya kwi-0.5% manganese.

Tungsten intsimbi

Sele 1858, ekuvelisweni aluminium kunye Tungsten esebenza izazinzulu ezininzi kunye metallurgists. Babesazi ukuba le yenye yezona iintsimbi kakhulu eliyinjubaqa. Ukongeza ukuba ngentsimbi njengento alloying uvumelekile ukuba ufumane intsila ukuba nako ukumthintela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye iguge.

Steel R6M5 iqulethe 5.5-6.5% Tungsten. Aluminiyamu okubhalwe yayo evame zikhokelwa ngoonobumba 'P "yaye kuthiwa-high speed. Steel yalungiselelwa okokuqala ngo-1858 godu Myushettom equlathe 9% Tungsten, 2.5% yemanganizi 1,85 carbon. Kamva, ukufaka ezinye 0.3% C, 0.4% Cr kunye nokususa% MN 1,62, W 3,56%, metallurgist wafumana ingxubevange ekuthiwa Samokaev (P6M5). Ngokutsho iimpawu zaso, kwakhona efanayo ngentsimbi P18.

ukuswela Tungsten

Kakade ke, kwi-1860s, xa abaninzi izinto aba maninzi ngokupheleleyo, Tungsten kuhlinzwa kongezwe yayigqalwa kakhulu elide. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo isiqalelo kwindalo kukufumana amancinane, kwaye ixabiso kuba ukhula.

Uthathela ingqalelo uqoqosho bonisela ukudibanisa isixa esikhulu W kwi insimbi yaba lukhuni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, intsimbi R6M5 uba kuthandwa ezingaphezulu lee kunezi P18. Emva kokubona ukwakhiwa kwawo kwemichiza, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba isiqulatho Tungsten ngo P18 - 17-18,5%, lo gama, njengoko kwi ingxubevange Tungsten-molybdenum - ukuya kutsho kuma-6.5%. Ngaphezu koko, oko samokale phambi ukuya kwi 0.25% yobhedu ukuya kwi 5.3% molybdenum.

Ezinye izinto alloying

Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha carbon, manganese, Tungsten kunye molybdenum, intsimbi R6M5 nayo iqulethe kumafa yayo ayibe (0.5%), chromium (4.4%), ubhedu (0.25%), vanadium (2.1%) phosphorus (0.03%), nesulfure (0.025%), nickel (0.6%) lesilicon (0.5%). Kutheni kufuneka?

Ngalinye element alloying na umsebenzi walo. Umzekelo, chromium iyafuneka lib thermal, kunye nickel kwandisa viscosity. Molybdenum kunye vanadium phantse ukuphelisa brittleness emva tempering. Ezinye izinto alloying hlobo ukuphucula iimpawu ngentsimbi njengoko yokuqaqadeka ebomvu, nobulukhuni eshushu.

Steel R6M5, iimpawu ngazo ukufunda, xa urhulumente lukhuni uba yobulukhuni HRC 66 kubushushu uvavanyo-600 ° C. Oku kuthetha ukuba nkqu ukufudumeza ngamandla oko zingabuthisi iimpawu zayo yamandla, ngoko, ngaba ezingagugiyo yaye akafuni ukugqabhuza.

isiqu R6M5

Ingcaciso steel ixhomekeke lwenziwe njani, nto leyo equka izinto alloying kwaye iqulethe carbon eninzi. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka izihionipho zabo. Ukuba, umzekelo, ingxubevange iqulathe izinto alloying, oko luchazwa "Cm" kwaye inani elilandelayo leyo ebonisa umxholo carbon avareji ngentsimbi (St20, St45).

I-aluminiyamu yokuqala ephantsi-exutyiweyo yipesenti carbon, kwaye ke incwadi elibonisa imichiza (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Ukuba ecaleni kwabo, njengoko kulo mzekelo, kukho inani yamanani - kuthetha imixholo ngamnye kubo ayidluli-1%. Le leta "R" kwi isitampu ingxubevange ibonisa ukuba kukho HSS (rapid).

Emva kwaso kukho inani - yipesenti Tungsten (ikhasi 9, P18), kwaye ngakumbi, iincwadi kunye namanani - kukho izinto alloying kunye ipesenti yabo. Kulo kulandela ukuba high speed intsimbi R6M5 iqulethe ukuya kwi-6% Tungsten yaye ukuya kwi-5% molybdenum.

annealing

Njengoko umthetho, ukuveliswa ingxubevange loo yamandulo kwaye sifakwe kubo bonke yodidi-high speed. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuze Tungsten-molybdenum ingxubevange yaba elide ngenene, eqinileyo kunye ixesha elide, kufuneka annealed.

Ukuba nezinye iintlobo, umzekelo, ST45, wolahlekelwa iimpawu zayo amandla ngexesha annealing, i-high speed, phezu koko, iyaphuculwa kwaye komelela aqinileyo ngakumbi. Kungenxa yoko le nto R6M5 annealed phambi lukhuni. Yenzeka njani le nto?

Baqesha (umz, web "intsimbi R6M5") malunga-22 mm eziko ekhethekileyo itshiswa ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 870 ° C, ngoko luthando ku 800 ° C, yaye emva koko shushu kwakhona. imijikelo ezinjalo malunga-10.

Ngaphezu koko, emva kokuba kuyimfuneko yesihlanu ukunciphisa ubushushu ngokuthe ngcembe. Umzekelo, kodwa kwakhona amalahle ku 850 ° C lupholisiwe ku 780 ° C. Kwaye njalo kwi de ifikelela kwizinga 600 ° C.

Loo inkqubo annealing entsonkothileyo ngenxa yobukho beenkozo austenite kwi ingxubevange doped, leyo ayinqweneleki kakhulu. Ukutshisa kunye nokupholisa nkulu zichithakala nje izinto alloying, kodwa austenite akuyi kukhula.

Ukuba akukho ukumelana iqondo lobushushu kwaye enze annealing kubushushu omkhulu kwe-900 ° C, kwenani of austenite ibunjiwe lukhuni ingxubevange kunciphisa. Okupholisa Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise webhate yeoli, oku kuya kongela ukusuka Tungsten-molybdenum neentanda ingxubevange kunye nadkoly.

Indlela mveliso R6M5

Kakade ke, njengayo nayiphi na ingxubevange, R6M5 yavelisa ezincinane nezinkulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iivenkile-eshushu isantya sobhedu uphoswe etshe. Xa omnye imveliso ihambele ingqesho yayo eshushu-liqengqiwe. Ukuze benze oku, imivalo shushu crimped phakathi imiqulu lokusila onenombolo. ifom kwayo efunyenweyo iya kuxhomekeka imilo imigodi ngokwabo.

Brand steel R6M5 esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi iindawo asebenza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngendlela ethandwa kakhulu yokwenza sobhedu powder.

Xa ukuchithwa of etshe ngentsimbi eshushu, i imvula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu carbides ukusuka anyibilike. Kwezinye iindawo, zakha ummandla non-uniform yesihloko, nto leyo elizayo yindawo ekuzalelwe kuyo amaqhawe neentanda.

Xa eyimveliso powder, ngumgubo okhethekileyo, onke amacandelo afunekayo akhoyo kuloo kuqamba. sintered awodwa kwisingxobo cleaner nge lobushushu eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Oku kunegalelo yokuba umbandela ujika eyohlobo olulodwa.

isicelo

Steel R6M5 zazisetyenziswa-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Amaninzi isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa azinxweme izixhobo ngokuya, oomatshini kokuba kunye yokomba kweli shishini. Oku kungenxa iimpawu zayo yamandla, ukumelana ubushushu, nobulukhuni.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba wenziwe uqheliso, iitephu, uyafa, bathezi. Ukucanda isixhobo steel R6M5 olukhulu ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu, ukongeza, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ifriji Gomel. R6M5 imela steel - kuba nalo ingaqhelekanga.

Ekubeni Tungsten-molybdenum ingxubevange na ngokuba lukhuni ephakamileyo viscosity ophezulu, loo nto idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuze nokuveliswa iincakuba iingalo ngamandla kunye neepatheni ezintle.

Alloying izinto anenani elifunekayo uvunyelwe ukudala ngensimbi ekhethekileyo, eseyiphantse akuthethi namhlwa kwaye grindability elungileyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba umsebenzi imibhobho isantya ukusika ngokonyuswa amaxesha 4.

Kwakhona kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iibheringi ibhola ubushushu-resistant ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kubushushu ka 500-600 ° C. Analogue R6M5 ingxubevange ezi P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Ukuba aluminiyamu Tungsten-molybdenum zisetyenziswa jikelele Manufacturing sisixhobo maholo (uqheliso, umama abaqingqi abo), lo vanadium (R14F4) kokugqiba (engacimekiyo, Yokutshayelela). kufuneka lubekhona sixhobo ngalinye ukusika yokumakisha kukuvumela Ndiyazi ukuba yenziwe ingxubevange.