Pier lesiseko ngezandla zakhe: inyathelo step imfundo, ubuchwepheshe

Kuba Izakhiwo encinane ukuxinana isambuku malunga 1000 kg / m ^3, enye yezisombululo engcono sisiseko eentsika zicwangciswe emhlabeni kubunzulu ethile. Uthetha ukuba ukwakha isiseko pier ngezandla zakhe inyathelo ngu step guide kakhulu efanelekileyo nkqu umntu ongumnini izakhono eziziziqalelo yokwakha.

Ukuze wenze oku ngenyameko uze ukhethe izinto ekunene, ukubala simazi ngeteknoloji wokwakha ngokweenkcukacha.

Xa unikel 'ingqalelo ncomo developers, inzuzo isiseko columnar kwezi zilandelayo:

• iintlobo ngeentlobo iintlobo zezibonelelo lokusasazwa umthwalo ngokuchanekileyo;
• iindleko eyamkelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ophantsi izinto;
• umthamo aphantsi lokwakha;
• ukuziqhelanisa ezilungileyo layisha phezulu.

Kuba izakhiwo onzima kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu aphantsi komhlaba ayikho kwesiseko pier ezifanelekileyo.

Indlela ukubala isiseko

Indlu design ezimeleyo ukwazi njalo ukuba izinto iya kwakhiwa.

1. Inkcazo kwemithwalo phezu kwendlu. Ubunzima zonke iinxalenye sakhiwo kufuneka amisele snap. Ukuze ezi esongezwa ubunzima umthwalo yamaxesha ngaphakathi into. Kuthatha kwakhona ingqalelo impembelelo grillage ngokuqhelekileyo ezenziwa ezinokwakheka ezixineneyo isambuku ka-2400 kg / m ^3.

2. Uvandlakanyo uphawu lomhlaba. Pier isiseko indlu iyakhiwa ngezandla zakhe ngokuqhelekileyo akukho elebhu livavanya ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu zomhlaba. Isalathisi eziphambili ukuxhathisa wayo, nto leyo abakhethwa ngokwesikhokelo iitafile yaye igcinwe ngaphakathi 1-6 kg / cm ^2. ixabiso layo ixhomekeke ngoobani kunye porosity zomhlaba.

3. Isixa yenkxaso. Ebizwa amandla iintsika kuxhomekeke phezu inkxaso. isicelo Ngokuqhelekileyo unqwabelana benesithukuthezi. Kunqweneleka ukuba emazantsi babesele ulwandiso (wezihlangu). Kubalulekile ukuthatha ingqalelo nokwakhiwa eziphathekayo kunye unyanzeliso. Langutela phakathi iiasi ixhomekeke ukubala kwaye ayidluli 2.5 m. Sure ubukho babo bonke angles kwi isiphambuka kweendonga, phantsi ngemiqadi okanye apho imithwalo kanzulu.

izinto isisekelo

Ungakhetha kakhulu iinketho kwi yokwakha indlela columnar isiseko ngezandla zakhe. Materials yahluke kakhulu, kodwa ke kufuneka zibe esemgangathweni. Zezi zilandelayo:

• tree - ngokuba izindlu ukukhanya, ama;
• lwezitena ezibomvu - kuba ubuzaza avareji amakhaya;
• Ekhathazekile ilitye - ukuba izakhiwo kunye iindawo bemfuno;
• ngakumbi concrete - ngezakhiwo enzima.

Pier lesiseko ne isihlenga. Inyathelo ngu step imiyalelo yokwakha

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu Akukho nzima kangaka xa wonke umsebenzi yohlulwe amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kunye ezinxulumeneyo, bedlula kakuhle omnye komnye. Ukuba iphakamileyo isiseko pier ngezandla zakhe, inyathelo imiyalelo step kufuneka zibandakanye zonke izigaba zomsebenzi:

1. Ukulungiselela. esakhiweni kwavula kwaye phantsi umaleko isiseko lisusiwe wangaphezulu. Ukuba kukho ngaphantsi umhlaba equlethe udongwe, kufuneka wenze isanti backfill umaleko luhlalu.

Eli qonga nee-tye usebenzisa inqanaba. Ukuze inika isithuthi lula itshixiwe kunye izinto kunye ngabenzi ngekhonkrithi.

2. Isicwangciso Layout ekhaya. Okokuqala phawula iikhonto zezakhiwo kunye neendawo zeentsika, apho ibekwe ngqo ecaleni nezamazembe. Iimbombo isiseko sendlu kufuneka ngqo. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ucazululo ukuchaneka ngemigca iziko, kwakunye indawo esezantsi eluthangweni lweenqwelo zokulwa kwi projekti efanelekileyo.

3. Le ukumba of imigodi kwimiqolo. Fundam yi melkozaglublennym (70-100 cm) kunye nomgangatho (100 cm). Le ndlela yokuqala yebloko emhlabeni enamatye kwaye uyisanti. Udongwe kunye nezibonda icandelo emanzi kufuneka owafaka ukujula okukhulu. Indlu ukumba akuyomfuneko: izibonda kunokwenzeka isando okanye ujije zitsho iqhosha lemenyu. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo kwaye ingenandleko kukuba izaba kukugrumba amaqula kwaye bazizalisa ngekhonkrithi.

4. Concreting. Ezantsi emhadini ibekwe umqamelo kumxube zesanti luhlalu. Izinti concreted ngqo emhlabeni xa akukho ndihlanjwe. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko ezibekwe formwork kwezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

- Iibhodi, ububanzi elingagqithanga 155 mm, uncwelwe yi eziphathekayo.

- bakhiwe izihlangu metal.

- imibhobho yodongwe, asbestos okanye umgubo wentsimbi. reviews amaninzi athi malunga iingenelo ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho, ingakumbi kwi kumathambeka ukuba iinguqu kunye nomhlaba evakalala.

- zophahla waziva, eyenze luqiniswe ngocingo okanye ucingo olunemingxuma ngaphandle.

Emazantsi uluhlu igcwele kunye zingangenwa zilala phezu iindonga ukunqanda ukuvuza yesisombululo ngokusebenzisa shuttering noqhoqhoqho.

5. Ukufakwa lwezilinganisi. Iintsika emininzi ilandelwa longitudinally ngeentonga zentsimbi. Bona efakwe nkqo emhadini ntsimbi namacici wababopha. Icandelo nokuqiniswa kufuneka athethe 15-30 cm ngaphezu isiseko iikhompawundi phambili grillage.

6. Ukufakwa weentsika. Ukuba nensimbi ubeka izinto, oko wadliswa uphawu layers vibrator. Ngaba ahlale ngaphakathi lweHo- ukwandisa amandla. Le ikhonkrithi akufuneki ube nomzimba kakhulu okanye elingqingqwa, ukuze ukunika ngakumbi amandla eyimfuneko kungabikho zintanda. Phambi kokuba amandla efunekayo ifilimu yayo kwizibuko kunye moisturize.

Xa twa pier isiseko ngezitena ngezandla zakhe, wabopha esebenzisa udaka lwesamente.

Ukutenxa kule tye kuvunyelwa akukho ngaphezulu kwe-15 mm. Ukulungisa ukungalingani elizayo kuya kuba nzima. Xa ngokubekwa kufuneka kungabikho izikhewu.

Emva ephilisa, inkxaso isale zemastic okanye ngetha amanzi angangeni. Coatings isicelo beneengubo-2 kunye nokubekwa therebetween kwaye ngaphandle kwe iziqwengana eziphathekayo ezifulelwe.

Iimposiso ekubekeni isiseko

Developers abo ukwakha izindlu ngokwabo, kufuneka sivumele iintsilelo kunye iziseko, ubukhulu becala echaphazela ukuhlala phakade kwezakhiwo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi Imposiso elandelayo:

1. ukunqamka okunokwenzeka ngokungalinganiyo isakhiwo ngenxa nzulu zaneleyo yeentsika zazo ezahlukeneyo okanye ukungcwatywa.
2. Ukusasazwa ngokungalinganiyo umthwalo zezibonda.
3. Sebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe izinto eziphantsi-ezisemgangathweni.
4. Engakhange abe nokuvavanywa khona ubume kunye neempawu zomhlaba.

Ukuze ufumane ilungelo ukwakha isiseko pier ngezandla zakhe, inyathelo imiyalelo inqwanqwa kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokwakha.

Manufacturing of grillage

Kuba umthwalo nokuxhathisa nezibonda kunye nokuthintela intshukumo osecaleni kwi imiyalelo ekhaya yokudala Foundation ibonelela ziyabophelela lisekela columnar kwisakhiwo eqhelekileyo monolithic ngokusebenzisa isiseko isihlenga - imivalo isibiyeli tye. sayilungisa kwakhe ukuphakama ukusuka kwinqanaba emhlabeni.

Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa amaplanga, iiprofayili yesinyithi okanye isamente. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe ukusa kwinqanaba uncamathiselo kwi izibonda grillage njengoko inokuthenjwa kugqiba uzinzo sakhiwo.

Kuba ukwakhiwa linyanzelisa iziseko eziphathekayo kwezakhiwo kwi umjikelezo kunye neendawo iindonga umthwalo-ethwele abe formwork ngamaplanga. Ngaphakathi iseti lwezilinganisi isakhelo, inxulumene ngokuqinileyo kunye oluvelayo iintonga iintsika, waza ke wabeka Umxube eziphathekayo. Umphezulu grillage elungelelaniswe, atywinwe umboniso kukoma.

Xa eziphathekayo abaphumelela amandla, amanzi kunye amalungiselelo phezu ukuqalisa ufakelo imigangatho kunye neendonga cocking.

imiyalelo ibandla Full isiseko columnar kuquka ukusebenza kunye nokulungiselela amanzi Zabirko.

zingangenwa grillage

grillage Top kwenziwe amanzi. Lixhotyiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, apho ixhaphake kakhulu zezi:

1. Xa zifakwe kwi phezulu itha kunye oxutywe nayo ibhuqiwe izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.
2. On grout grillage ezibekiweyo umxube ngesanti 1: 2. Ngoko ke izinto iplanga ezifulelwe.

Le fowuni Zabirko

indawo Underground biyela yemozulu kwilungiselelo Zabirko - ngokukhuselwa isekela. Yenziwe ngomthi, ngezitena okanye amatye. Ngasezantsi ukwanda screed of ngesamente lisebenza njengesiseko. Ukuze wenze oku, qala wenza nomsele wayifulela ngesanti ezantsi. Kuba screed isethi neebhodi formwork kunye yokuhlala nokuqinisa. Unxibelelwano Zabirko kunye exhasa kwenziwa ukuze aphephe yimbonakalo iintanda ngayo ekuyiwa.

Cap uzama ukwenza kungentla, ukuze ubume mhle. Siyafana ukuphakama isekela.

Columnar-strip iziseko

Isiseko eentsika, ukudityaniswa isakhelo monolithic eziphathekayo, idibanisa zonke iingenelo zombini iindidi iziseko. Xa zakhiwe columnar-strip iziseko, inyathelo imiyalelo step sobldaetsya iyafana ekwakhiweni isihlenga. Uyazixhasa azinike yalawo kude ezinzulwini, ngokudala nokukhuseleka iintshukumo ngamaxesha zomhlaba.

emibonweni ukuba uqhagamshele ibhanti melkozaglublennym isiseko, edlula phantsi isakhiwo umthwalo-ethwele iindonga. Ubume lonke izaliswe ikhonkrithi ngexesha elinye, apho iba eqinileyo kunye monolithic. Xa ulungiselela isisombululo layers ikhonkrithi eDibanisa okuninzi ezizimeleyo. Ukusetyenziswa imishini kufuneka ukususa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukususela ubunzima amaqamza.

isiphelo

iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo isiseko columnar lisetyenziswa kwi abucala ekwakheni indlu. Zibonisa ukuthembeka phezulu, ulwakhiwo ekhawulezayo kunye nokusetyenziswa ubuncinane izinto zokwakha.

Ukuba izakhono ezisisiseko, abaphuhlisi abaninzi ukwakha isiseko pier ngezandla zakhe. Inyathelo ngu step imiyalelo kuya kusinceda ukuba siphephe iimpazamo ukwenza isiseko ethembekileyo.