Yintoni ukuphakama ISS? Komzila-ISS ejikeleza uMhlaba

I-International Station Space yaphehlelelwa iye emajukujukwini ngonyaka we-1998. Okwangoku, phantse namawaka asixhenxe iintsuku, imini nobusuku iingqondo ezingcono zokusebenza ukusombulula puzzle kakhulu anzima womxhuzulane zero.

yangaphandle

Wonke, bamamkela abaseGalili ababezibonile ubuncinane kanye kule ndawo ikhethekileyo, wabuza umbuzo esisengqiqweni sokuba: Yintoni ukuphakama komzila i-International Station Space? Yiloo igama elinye kuphela ukuphendula akunakwenzeka. Ukuphakama komzila ye-International Station Space ISS kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

ISS ujikeleza umhlaba zincitshisiwe ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni kubekho rarefied. Izinga kunciphisa, ngokulandelelana, kwaye unciphisa ukuphakama. Indlela uzakubuyela umzi? Ukuphakama komzila ISS ingahluka kunye Ngoncedo iinjini iinqanawa edibanisa kuwo.

obude ahlukeneyo

Ngokuba yonke le yasemajukujukwini elithi amaxabiso athile esisiseko hlobo. Buyela kweyoMdumba 2011 ukuphakama ISS orbit yaba km 353. Zonke izibalo kwenziwe ngokunxulumene kwinqanaba lolwandle. Ukuphakama ISS komzila ngoJuni ka nyaka linyukile ezingamakhulu amathathu, anamanci asixhenxe anantlanu km. Kodwa hayi mda. Kwiiveki nje ezimbini ngabasebenzi NASA waphendula ngovuyo iintatheli kwi lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na le indawo ephakamileyo, ISS ohamba ngalo mzuzu?" - amathathu, anamanci asibhozo anantlanu kweekhilomitha!

Kwaye oku kumda

Ukuphakama ISS nangoku enokumelana zaneleyo ivuse zendalo. Iinjineli waya intshukumo uxanduva kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuphakama ISS kwafuneka ukuba kwandiswe ezingamakhulu amane leekhilomitha. Kodwa oku kwenzeka kamva. Ingxaki, ukuba iinqanawa kuphela wavusa ISS. Orbit ukuphakama sele kwacutheka ngenxa shuttles. Kuphela umda ixesha iye wapheliswa ukuba enqanaweni kunye ISS. ubude komzila ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-400 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ukususela ngowama-2014. I-avareji Ixabiso eliphezulu sabhalwa ngoJulayi kwaye km 417. uhlengahlengiso ukuphakama zizonke yenziwa rhoqo ngenxa ukulungisa indlela kakhulu kangangoko.

History of indalo

Nangaloo maxesha ngo-1984 urhulumente US uye wakha isicwangciso kwimfuneko ukuqala kwisithuba kufuphi iprojekthi yophando ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Alone ukwenza isakhiwo lizukileyo, nkqu baseMerika zazinzima kakhulu kunye nophuhliso Canada kunye Japan ezazixhunyaniswe.

Ngowe-1992, eRashiya yaqukwa kweli phulo. Ekupheleni koo-bokuqala thina uceba iprojekthi enkulu-isikali "Mir-2" eMoscow. Kodwa iingxaki zoqoqosho khange bobethwa ndaqonda izicwangciso amakhulu. Ngokuthe ngcembe inani kumazwe inxaxheba eliqeshiweyo likhulile ukuya elinesine.

ukulibaziseka kumaziko ziye iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu. Kuphela ngo-1995 kwaye kwamkelwa le zesikhululo, umzobo, yaye kamva kunyaka - uqwalaselo.

Twentieth Novemba 1998 ibingumhla esibalaseleyo kwimbali cosmonautics yehlabathi - iyunithi yokuqala sele lihanjisiwe lasiwa ngempumelelo ukuba ukujikeleza umhlaba wethu.

ibandla

ISS le luli ngendlela elula kunye nokusebenza. Isikhululo iqulathe iibhloko zizimeleyo oqhagamshelwano phakathi njengoko umakhi enkulu. Akwenzeki ukuba abale indleko ngqo kunye nenjongosenzi. iyunithi nganye entsha evela kwelinye ilizwe yaye, ke, ayahluka ixabiso. Zonke ezi ndawo ukuba isixa esikhulu eqhotyoshelweyo, ukwenzela ukuba isikhululo kube rhoqo kuhlaziywa.

Ukuhlola

Ngenxa yokuba iiyunithi isikhululo zesiqulatho lutshintsha tshintshwe kwaye kwaphuculwa amaxesha amaninzi kangangoko elide ISS ungalephuza komzila Earth.

I alarm intsimbi yokuqala kwakhala ngo-2011, xa, ngenxa yeendleko yalo phezulu iye inkqubo kuncitshiswe "Space Shuttle".

Kodwa akukho nto ezoyikekayo kwenzeke. Imithwalo kunikelwa ngokufanelekileyo isithuba ezinye iinqanawa. Ngo-2012, i-ISS wama ngempumelelo nokuba kweshatile zabucala ukwenzela iinjongo zorhwebo. Kamva, isiganeko efanayo senzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Izoyikiso ukuba izikhululo kunokuba kwezopolitiko kuphela. Ngamaxesha athile, amagosa kumazwe ahlukeneyo ezisongela ukuyeka ukuxhasa ISS. Izicwangciso podderzhniya yokuqala epeyintwe phambi 2015, emva koko waya yesibini ngo-2020. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga kukho isivumelwano ukuxhasa esi sikhululo de 2027.

Yaye ngoxa Abezopolitiko bathi omnye nomnye, i-ISS ngo-2016 wenza ikhulu orbit sewaka kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphambili ngokuba "wentlokoma".

ugesi

Bahleli ebumnyameni, kakade, umdla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ikudika. ISS umzuzu nomzuzu ubunzima yabo negolide, ngoko iinjineli Amangaliswa imfuneko womelele kwezombane crew inkathazo.

Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba inani izimvo ezahlukeneyo, yaye ekugqibeleni wavuma ukuba amagqiza best elanga kwisithuba apho nto.

Xa amacala projekthi Russian kwaye American bahamba iindlela zabo ezohlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, isizukulwana yokuqala umbane ilizwe evela kwinkqubo ukuya volts 28. Ingcinezelo unit American - 124 V.

Imini le ISS wenza kakhulu amathuba ijikeleza uMhlaba. Enye ukujikeleza - malunga nesiqingatha seyure, amashumi amane anesihlanu zazo emthunzini. Kakade ke, ngeli xesha yomlibo wokuzalwa panels solar akwenzeki. station Feed nickel-hydrogen iibhetri. Igama elithi yokusebenza kwefowuni iminyaka esixhenxe. ixesha lokugqibela ukuba ezitshintshiweyo umva ngo-2009, ukwenzela ukuba kungekudala kakhulu ukubuyisela ekwakukudala lilindelwe ziya kwenziwa ngamagcisa.

device

Njengoko kubhaliweyo ngaphambili, i-ISS le umakhi enkulu egama malungu oxhulumene lula omnye nomnye.

Njengoko of March 2017 isikhululo inamalungu elinesine. Russia Wasihlangula iiyunithi ezintlanu, ekuthiwa "Dawn", "ukukhangela", "Star", "Dawn" yaye "Pier". AmaMelika wanika iindawo zazo ezisixhenxe amagama afana, "Umanyano", "Bya", "nokuzola", "inethiwekhi", "Leonardo", "Dome" yaye "Harmony." European Union kunye Japan dwa yayo ibhloko esisodwa, "Columbus" yaye "Kibo".

Malungu isoloko itshintsha, kuxhomekeke imisebenzi eyabelwe aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Endleleni ezimbalwa iibhloko ngaphezulu, eqinisa kakhulu uphando ikhono le nqanawa. Eyona umdla, Kakade ke, iimodyuli elebhu. Abanye babo babe itywina epheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukuhlola zonke, wehla waya abantu ababengabaphambukeli, ngaphandle ingozi yosulelo kuba aba belungu bayehluthe kubo.

Ezinye iiyunithi yenzelwe ukujikelezisa bume eziyimfuneko kumsebenzi eqhelekileyo yabantu. Kanti abanye ukufikelela kuziphi emajukujukwini kwaye wenze uphando, esweni okanye ukulungiswa.

Inxalenye iibhloko ningathwali umthwalo kunye nophando zisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina.

izifundo eziqhubekayo

izifundo ezininzi - enyanisweni into apho ekupheleni koo ezikude abezopolitiko wagqiba ukuthumela ibe nomyili space, namhlanje ogama value kuqikelelwa kwi ngaphezulu kwe amabini, anamanci billion zeerandi. Kuba imali unako ukuthenga kumazwe kwaye kufumana isipho esincinane elwandle.

Ngoko ke, i-ISS inemisebenzi ezizodwa ezinjalo, apho kungekho elebhu enye ezisentlabathini. Lokuqala - ubukho zidle engenasiphelo. Okwesibini - ukungabikho yenyani womxhuzulane. Eyesithathu - yemisebe cosmic eyingozi kakhulu, okhohlisayo yi refraction kwi ojikeleze umhlaba.

Abaphandi musani ukudla isonka, kodwa anike into poizuchat! Bayavuya ukwenza imisebenzi yabo abayabelwe, nkqu nangona ubungozi yokufa.

izazinzulu ezininzi nomdla eziphilayo. Kule ndawo uquka biotechnology kunye nophando lwezonyango.

Ezinye izazinzulu basoloko belibala bubuthongo, ukuhlola imikhosi ebonakalayo yendawo ohlala. Materials, physics quantum - yinxalenye kuphela ye yophando. umsebenzi oluthandayo yezityhilelo ezininzi - ukuvavanya ulwelo ezahlukahlukeneyo weightlessness.

Amalinge kunye zidle, ngokubanzi, ukuba wenziwe ngaphandle block, kanye kwisithuba evulekileyo. izazinzulu Umhlaba kuphela nomona elungileyo ebukele yemifuniselo kwividiyo.

Nabani na kwi ihlabathi yini ukuze spacewalk. Kuba abasebenzi isityalo phantse umsebenzi lwesiqhelo.

iziphumo

Nangona nokumemeza nomsindo ababengakholwa ezininzi malunga ngamampunge le projekthi, ISS, izazinzulu ziye zenza ezifunyaniswe ezininzi umdla baye omnye ujonge indawo yonke, nangenxa iplanethi yethu.

Yonke imihla, aba bantu nemizabalazo ukufumana idosi omkhulu imitha, nabo bonke ngenxa uphando, nto leyo eza kunika uluntu amathuba nanto. Omnye ungabona kuphela umthamo wabo ngenxa yomsebenzi, inkalipho nokuzimisela.

ISS into enkulu kangangoko ukuba kubonakala phezu komhlaba. Kukho nkqu website apho ungangenisa uququzelelo esixeko kunye nenkqubo iza xelela kanye oko kuya kuba lula yintoni ixesha lokuba bazame ukucinga isikhululo nje xa lounge chaise ekunene kwi ibhalkhoni lakho.

Kakade ke, isikhululo isithuba ezininzi ziintshaba, kodwa abalandeli kakhulu ngakumbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuzithemba-ISS siya kuma kuloo orbit ayi ezine ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ngaphezu kwesinye ukubonisa abagxeki isono, baba engalunganga kuqikelelo zabo kunye neengqikelelo.