Yintoni a adla chemistry? Ukuzimisela kunye neefomula

Njengoko igama elithi "igala" zijonge umfundi ngamnye eliqala chemistry sifundo. Ekubeni amagama anzima kakhulu, ezifana izinyo ubunzima, izinyo ingqondo, molarity nesinyibilikisi nzima ukuqonda, bengazi into nolovane. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba igala - enye ngongoma ibalulekileyo chemistry. iingxaki amaninzi ukusonjululwa ngaphandle eqingqa inani zisaqala.

definition

Ngoko ke yintoni na igala chemistry? Ingcaciso ukunike ilula: ukuba iyunithi apho imali ezixeliweyo iziyobisi yenye iiyunithi SI. Ukuzimisela oko adla chemistry, kwaye kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1 adla kulingana loo mali kwento equlethwe njengoko amasuntswana noshowo 12 g carbon-12.

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba 12 g yale mali Isotope atom eziqulethwe yi ngamanani kulingana Avogadro njalo.

Imvelaphi kombono

Bambalwa wayeqonda ukuba chemistry inkwakhwa ngokusebenzisa iingcaciso, cinga imbali yale mbono. Njengoko iqondwa ngalo, ibinzana elithi "igala" iye yaziswa yasekhemesti waseJamani UWilhelm Oswald, ngubani ophumelele iBhaso yeNobel ngo-1909. Igama elithi "adla" Ngokuqinisekileyo kuvela elithi "molecule".

Interesting iqiniso - Avogadro umbono wokuthi phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo imiqulu ezifanayo weegesi ezahlukeneyo eziqulethwe imali efanayo ukwimo bakukhutshelwa phambili elide phambi Oswald, kwaye rhoqo ngokwalo elalibalwa Avogadro kwinkulungwane XIX ekuqaleni. Oko kukuthi, nangona ingcamango "abamenzelayo 'kwaye akuzange, kanye ingcamango inani kwezinto kakade.

formula esisiseko

Isixa osisiqu yahlukile, ngokuxhomekeke idatha ngxaki. Olu hlobo lo ifomula iqhelekileyo apho eli xabiso kubonakaliswa umlinganiselo ukuba ubunzima izinyo ubunzima:

n = m / M

Kuthiwa ukuba isixa-ndaba - ixabiso additive. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukubala ixabiso le ubukhulu for umxube, kuyimfuneko kuqala ukuqinisekisa isixa kweziyobisi ngamnye sezulu kunye nokongeza.

isetyenziswa Enye indlela, ukuba eyaziwa ubungakanani amasuntswana:

n = N / N _a

Ukuba ingxaki ibonisa ukuba inkqubo ithatha indawo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ungasebenzisa le ulawulo ilandelayo: phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, nayiphi na igesi uphethe umthamo invariant - 22.4 iilitha. Emva koko ungasebenzisa le mazwi alandelayo:

nv / V _m

Isixa wenkqu bubonakaliswe Clapeyron lenxaki:

n = PV / (RT)

Ukwazi ukuba adla in chemistry formula esisiseko yokuqingqa inani abamenzelayo wenkqu, kwenza kube lula ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ukwazi inani eziphathekayo uya kufumana ubunzima, umthamo, ukuxinana, kunye nezinye iparameters.