Pentameter - it ... iambic, trochee, amphibrach

Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela malunga pentameter, kunye nezinye nobukhulu mfutshane zemibongo. Siqale ukuchaza amagama aphambili eya kusetyenziswa kwitekisi.

Isingqisho na isakhiwo isandi eye umgca vesi. Oku odolwa jikelele intetho zemibongo. Imitha ityala ekhethekileyo isingqisho. Le alternation rhoqo samalunga unstressed kwaye ndixinezelekile (ubuthathaka kunye namandla) kulo mbongo, scheme jikelele kwesingqisho yayo yesandi.

Ubukhulu yindlela umbutho ethile isandi zombongo; kulo mzekelo ethile sele ichaziwe semitha. Umzekelo, iambus nga kuthiwa ziquka i iinketho ukusuka odnostopnogo ukuba dvenadtsatistopnogo ukhululekile. Ubukhulu e syllabic versification, sinako ukubona inani samalunga kwi indihlaziya - ingqalelo inani neengxaki, yaye syllabic-tonic kunye metric - (. Iambic, trochee, amphibrach et al) inani iinyawo kunye neemitha.

Le etymology elithi "pentameter"

Iimpendulo kwimibuzo malunga nemvelaphi kwexesha umdla. Igama elithi "pentameter" - ligama njengesixhobo zamandulo zamaGrike somculo. Libhekisela e dissyllabic lwamandulo metric, unyawo trehmornuyu elula (elifutshane elide ezingaphezu +). Le yokuba syllabo- indihlaziya (Russian, umzekelo) - a + yegama unstressed. Kwakhona ngokuba ivesi iambic, equka kweemitha iambic.

Etymology ayifani ncam lusekiwe. chants Iambic, njengoko siyazi, yinxalenye yemibhiyozo wenzala ezizodwa, eziye zabanjwa behlonipha Demeter.

Eli binzana esidityaniswe igama Iambs, umkhonzazana Kehl, kumkani Eleusinian. Ngokutsho intsomi, intombazana imibongo ezingcolileyo nomxhelo Demeter, ngubani engapheli wamfuna yonke intombi yakhe Persephone. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba igama Yamba - kukho intlokoma igama yamandulo kunye nentsingiselo okungamanyala.

Pentameter endulo

Xa kwisihobe kudala yeyona ixhaphakileyo iambic iintlobo waba trimeter kunye Sénart. Senart iquka iinyawo ezintandathu iambic. Uhlobo lwesibini, naye trimeter uye (ebizwa ngokuba dipodies unyawo kabini) ifaka ezintandathu iinyawo iambic, neyohlulwe ngababini. amalungu amabini ukukhanya versification antique ayikwazanga kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe omnye enzima omnye, yaye vice versa, kunokuba nzima ukuba indawo emiphungeni ezimbini. Enyanisweni, kule ndawo wazalwa iintlobo ezininzi yemibongo iambic. Imibongo ezibhaliweyo ubungakanani data, yaba ngaphezu njengaye wonke umntu phezu kwintetho yemihla ngemihla kwaye isetyenziswa njalo ziyindlela kungekhona uhlobo uyindumasi, kwaye kule drama kunye lyrics (e zikwenza kubonakale ngathi, ntlekele, iintsomi).

Xa iambus engenayo Greek - a dissyllabic stop equlathe ingxenye yokuqala neyesibini elifutshane elide. It akathwali anakrusy notation lomculo yamaGrike amandulo, yaye ngoko ke isingqisho kwaba mhlawumbi phezulu (okt iambic) okanye phansi (okt trochaic).

Pentameter and ferrets

Pentameter kunye ferrets kwi metric yamandulo ibizwa siwumise isingqisho iambic ngokwesiseko sokuba pentameter waba lwaqho (kwaye uyakufezekisa oko kude) ngaphezu ferrets.

Ferrets - kukwayinto entle Igama lesiGrike sisuka kwigama elithi "tune umdaniso", kwakunye ne ebonisa "size", "unyawo weekwayara." Le vesi syllabic-tonic ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo - kunye chetyrehstopnym shestistopny, yaye ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 iqala ukuba masifakwe trochee iambic.

Kwaye pentameter, kunye ferrets eziimitha yokubini. Xa chorea kugxininiswa yegama lokuqala iambic - phezu wesibini.

Three-kolulodwa Ubukhulu zesihobe

nobukhulu Dissyllabic siye kwakhona. Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga-yegama ezintathu. Amphibrach iqulathe iinyawo amathathu, kunye aksenti kwi yegama lokuqala. Ubukhulu oqhelekileyo basekhaya accentual-syllabic vesi - chetyrehstopnym (kwenkulungwane ye-19), kwakunye trehstopny (ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19). Dactyl - kukwayinto entle iimitha izithathu, kodwa aksenti ngomhla wokuqala kunye anapaest - wokugqibela abathathu.

Pentameter ezincwadini Russian

Sisihlandlo sokuqala kuyo kweli lizwe lethu kulo ncwadi, esiyifumana eyapapashwa 1619 kwincwadi Smotritsky esihloko sithi "Igrama ...". Nangona kunjalo, le poetics elide, nto leyo libhekisela ubungakanani ethile vesi, iambic yaqala ukuvela kwilizwe lethu kuphela emva kokuba theory lwenziwa V. Trediakovskij. Akukho imibongo e sillabistov ebhaliweyo ubungakanani data Russian. In Russia Kwiivesi zokuqala iambic zadalwa Trediakovskij.

Pentameter oku chetyrehstopnym. Ke ubungakanani ukusetyenziswa yesithethe kwaqhubeka. Umzekelo, Lomonosov waqamba i ode apho kusetyenziswa pentameter - imibongo lunikezelwe ngokuthatha Khotin, inqaba Turkish.

tetrameter iambic

Nanamhla oku, bonke ubukhulu iambic kwisihobe Russian i ozithandayo - it chetyrehstopnym. Malunga nama-80-85 epesenti neembongi zasekhaya zemibongo ezibhalwe nguye. Le ubungakanani vesi iye yazuza ukuthandwa ebanzi hayi kakhulu ngenxa ifomu inqanawa ngesingqi, nto leyo eye naphaya kwintetho lwembongi in Russian, kodwa ngenxa yesithethe emisiweyo ubunzima ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ziimbongi yayo yokuqala enkulu - V. Petrov, M. Lomonosov, Derzhavin, kwaye kancinane emva koko, yaye A. Pushkin kunye E. Baratynsky (bona. ifoto).

Kwakhona lithandwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 nasekuqaleni 19 shestistopny iambus olwenze isingqisho egudileyo yemikhosi. Ukuba selikho, yamkeleka kangako kwi Russian amazwi womculo, kodwa imidlalo kumabala emidlalo - ubungakanani ivesi eziphefumlelweyo (kunye ukungabikho rhyme). Ezi nketho ke "Yeha evela Wit" Griboyedov, kwakunye idrama "ukubonakala" ukususela ngenkxola M. Lermontov, owabhala ivesi free. ubukhulu pentameter le Futurists, wabafumana kakhulu ezinqabileyo, lubonakala ngokuba inkcaso rough lusishukumisela ezahlukeneyo gomofonicheskih kunye phonemes lenza. iambic Iamb ezisetyenziswa imibongo, luphawulwa uhlobo eziqinileyo, obunjengenye ngelamadoda ilizwi, Sonnet et al. trehstopny noko onge (ubukhulu becala iimbongi ephathelele ixesha yokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-19). Uninzi theory yasungula stihovedcheskoy uluncwadi tetrameter iambic. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe uphando Shengeli B. Tomaszewski, A. White.

Ingaba dvustopnye khona odnostopnye iambic kwi syllabic-tonic versification?

Dvustopnyh kunye iambs odnostopnyh ayisekho ngenxa yokuba rhythmological akunakwenzeka: umntu osembonweni okanye odnostopnosti dvustopnosti wadalwa ngenxa isicengcelezo iyanqanyulwa. Ngokomzekelo, enye imbongi Bryusov wayekholelwa ngempazamo odnostopnymi iambs kumbongo wakhe.

Pentameter eneneni amphibrach. Kwathi mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukuba ezi ndinyana irekhodi eziphuma kwi izicengcelezo kwilayini ezahlukeneyo, ufumana ukufana olubonakalayo odnostopnogo pentameter.

Mnogostopnye iambic

pentameter Shestistopny - nto idla ngokuba shestidolnik yesibini kunye anakruzy monosyllabic.

Mnogostopnye becala badalwa Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

Kungaphikiswa ukuba phambi kwakhe kwakungekho pentameter iambic. Umbongo (iambic) "I Gabrieliad" - umsebenzi wokuqala ezibhalwe nguye. Aleksandire rigoristichen kakhulu ngokuphathelele yonke into uchaphazelekayo ukusungulwa ivesi ulwimi oluthethwayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba abantu ababephila wathetha Cantemir kunye indumiso ngenxa yokuba wathabatha vesi ulwimi oluthethwayo mihla siphila kuyo.

Analogs ubungakanani iambic ngo abantu kwimibongo

Nangona ubungakanani pentameter yaziswa kwi iincwadi kubulela Soviet ukuya kubuyiselo kunye neDyunivesiti Trediakovsky, intsomi imibongo liphuhlise ngokuzimeleyo yempembelelo iincwadi okanye west dimensions original, kukho phakathi kwazo ngokusesikweni kufutshane chetyrehstopnym iambic. Wabiza yesibini chetyrehdolnik. Kule vesi, lo mbongo kwathiwa, wadalwa Nekrasov, osihloko sithi "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya".