Portugal Abemi: labemi, ingakumbi

Eli lizwe, ngolwimi alithethayo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi 230 ehlabathini lonke, yeyona obona eYurophu ngokwemigaqo zengqondo zentlalo ngexesha elinye ilizwe kunye folk ngokweemvakalelo kakhulu. Konke oku - malunga Portugal.

A kancinci lizwe

Portugal - lelinye lamazwe zindala i-Old World, ogama imida kuhlala ingatshintshanga iminyaka engaphezu kwama-875. Ubukumkani someleleyo, amathanga ezithe saa ehlabathini lonke, ngoku indawo encinane ngurhulumente weIberia Peninsula. Noko ke, Portugal lelinye lamazwe ahambele phambili ehlabathini ukuba yonke into enye 'baqhayise "kanye ukuphakama lokufunda nokubhala zabemi kunye enye liphezulu kweminyaka yokuphila yehlabathi abemi balo.

labantu

Yabemi Portugal usoloko ixhomekeke kakhulu yokushiywa. I-Portuguese waqalisa ukuhamba ngoku kumazwekazi ngamazwekazi kukhangela ubomi obungcono yaye bezama ukufumana zizityebi kule Age of Discovery. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba yokushiywa kweli xesha lethu uphuhliso ihlwempu kwezakhono nemveliso eli lizwe. EPortugal, kuya kuba nayo ekhaya inani elikhulu abaye eze apha kukhangela lamanene umsebenzi evela eBrazil, Angola kunye kwamazwe aseYurophu. Urhulumente uxhasa ngamandla kubo: kwamanye amazwe, izifundo ngolwimi Portuguese, amalungiselelo intlanganiso nabameli iisayikholojisti, uqinisekisa ilungelo labo bonke abantwana kwimfundo (ekwenzeni nokubhala yabantu abadala ifikelela 99%).

Ukususela ngo-1890, emva kweminyaka 10 eli lizwe wenziwe inani labantu. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, abantu malunga nezigidi ezi-5 abantu phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini indlela evuthwe ngayo kubantu abazizigidi 8.5, ngo-1960 abemi yelizwe 8.9 million, kodwa eli nani wawa kumanqanaba 1950 kwiminyaka elishumi, ukuya 1985 yabantu Portugal liye landa 10 million. Ngokutsho ubalo kuqhutywa ngo-2011, 10.760.000. Abantu bahlala Portugal.

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-2011, eli lizwe kwabanjwa 5th Housing ne kubalo-15 zabantu, nto leyo eyaba imisebenzi elikhulu static. Ngenxa yoko zobalo yaziwa nje kuphela abantu abahlala kweli lizwe kunye neemeko zazo zokuphila, kodwa malunga imfundo, ingqesho, kwaye kukho yinxalenye yentsapho. Ngokutsho Censos-2011, eli lizwe abhalwe amakhaya 4.079.577, nto leyo ngaphezu 1,65% ngaphezu ngo-2001. Kwakhona, yi 12.4 no 16.3% Ukwanda kwenani Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye zokuhlala ngokulandelelana. Kwilizwe nge-imi- 70 ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, kukho umkhwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani usapho, ngalo mzuzwana eli nani bantu 2.6 kuphela.

kuqamba National

Ngokunxulumene nabantu yesizwe Portugal yohlobo olunye ngokupheleleyo - yenye lweempawu demographic Portugal kaThixo. Ngokutsho 2011 Census, 99% yabantu yi IsiPhuthukezi (indibanisela Roma yobuhlanga, amaVisigoth kunye Iberians). Kwakhona, malunga 15,000 baseSpeyin abahlala kweli lizwe, 10,000 abase, 5.500 Angola kunye nabanye.

Ngaphandle kummandla Portugal (ingakumbi i-USA, France, Canada kunye Brazil) likhaya malunga 2.2 yezigidi abemi balo.

Isini kunye nobudala isakhiwo labantu

Isini kunye nobudala isakhiwo yabemi of Portugal cishe akukho yahlukile kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, apho, ngokutsho kubalo kwinkulungwane lokugqibela kwayo ecacileyo lwamanani yabafazi. Ekuqaleni-imi- 80 lwekhulu XX, umntu omnye waba 1.11 abasetyhini ngoku kweli lizwe likhaya amadoda 5.241.519 nabafazi 5,518,986 (okt. E. On umntu 1 owayo abafazi 1.05).

Ngendlela ebonakalayo ngakumbi yaye oluneenkcukacha, bangaphi ekhulwini yabemi Portugal on ezahlukeneyo parameters, ungabona le theyibhile.

Wenzala lokufa

Ngokutsho idatha ka-2014, e-Portugal ukuba okokuqala kwimbali mihla lizwe izinga lokusweleka ligqithe izinga lokuzalwa. Ngokutsho National Institute of manani, ngo-2014, 102,5 amawaka abantwana bazalwa (phantse 3,000 ngaphantsi kwe ngo-2011) kweli lizwe, wafa abemi-103 500.

Oku kuye kwenzeka okokugqibela ngo-1918, xa abemi Portugal, kwakunye njengabemi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, wahlaselwa bhubhane severe umkhuhlane. Kodwa sele ngowe-1919 labemi yendalo yaqhubeka pro-ukukhula. Ngelishwa, ukwehla yangoku kwabemi ungena kulo mkhwa ngokubanzi, yaye akubonakali le meko mayilungiswe kwixa elizayo.

Esona sizathu siphambili le meko ukuthingaza ixesha lokuba babe nabantwana. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ubudala avareji abafazi nulliparous wafikelela kwiminyaka engama-30. Kulo mzekelo, uninzi iintsapho ziphelela umntwana omnye. Kodwa ke, nangona kokuhla izinga wokuzalwa, yokukhula kwenani labemi ubuncinane yendalo Portugal iyaqhubeka.

labantu kwezoqoqosho

labantu Working-yobudala ngo-Portugal ngu 5.252 yezigidi, apho umsebenzi uye malunga nezigidi 3.6. Phantse-33% yabantu abasebenzayo into abaqeshwe kushishino, 28% - ehlathini, ezolimo kunye nokuloba, malunga-38% abasebenzi ibizela zothutho kunye nenkonzo candelo. Nangona kunjalo, eli lizwe uhlala izinga lentswela kakhulu eliphezulu, apho malunga ne-13.5%.

Age of umhlala iyafana amadoda nabafazi - kwiminyaka 66.

nokubekwa sabantu

Yabemi Portugal, iifoto zifumaneka kwinqaku isasazwa edyokhweni kwilizwe liphela. Umyinge mninzi 1 square nganye. km ungabantu 116,8. Inani labantu kwimimandla esentshona unxweme - ngokuphindwe 5-10 ngaphezu ngasezantsi embilwini. Inani labantu izixeko Portugal yi malunga ne-70% yabo bonke abemi. obungalinganiyo oluphuculweyo yokufudukela lwangaphakathi, ezinxulumene nomsebenzi yamaxesha kwi ngobanjiso lweentlanzi, abacocayo umsebenzi ezidiliyeni neengingqi okuziinkozo-likhula, imisebenzi yexeshana emizini. Abafakwa kuhlala kwiindawo ezintsha, ingakumbi ezixekweni.

Le mizi ziquka iindawo zokuhlala kunye abantu abangaphezu kwama 2-2.5 amawaka. Abantu kweli lizwe. All in Portugal 33 imizi abemi abangaphezulu kwama-10,000, apho imizi-7 kuphela ekhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-50,000, phakathi kwabo 2 imizi-million kunye (eLisbon, Porto), engunobangela 2/3 abemi beli lizwe.

Uphawu kwabantu ezidolophini Portugal na inani phantse rhoqo kwiidolophu ezincinane kwisiqalo yokukhula ngokukhutheleyo "namachibi" ezimbini - Porto kunye Lisbon. agglomeration nabanamandla ikakhulu ngenxa afunxwa ledlelo engundoqo kunye nemizi satellite.

Imizi abemi ngaphantsi kwe-10 000 ukusebenza njengamaziko yolawulo kumarhamente, bakhonza kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni esingqongileyo. imizi Medium-ertyisi elinabemi ukuya ku 50,000 kuba imisebenzi yolawulo amaziko zamaphondo nezezithili.

Village kwahluka kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko yokusingqongileyo kunye nobudlelwane kwezentlalo kule lali. Kwimimandla esemantla saa kakhulu kwiilali ezincinane kunye zokuhlala le Hamlet. Kuba band eliphakathi uphawuleka iilali ezinkulu, nakwelasezantsi zincinane ubukhulu becala ngobukhulu kodwa exineneyo elalini.

wahlukana ngokwenkolo

Church in Portugal wahlukana kurhulumente. Malunga ne-94% yabantu bangamaRoma Katolika kumarhamente ibandla, abanye - amaSilamsi, amaProtestanti kunye Evangelicals. Icawe kunempembelelo enkulu phezu kwabemi belizwe, ngenxa apho Portugal ibonakaliswa njengelinye lamazwe kakhulu kwintlalo endala eYurophu.

Iimpawu yabantu Portuguese - nokubhala phezulu, enye liphezulu iminyaka yobomi behlabathi, Ukufana wesizwe kunye ukuxhomekeka phezulu ibandla. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, i-Portuguese - abantu abanobubele ukuphila ubomi elilinganisiweyo kunye ukuphumla.