AmaProtestanti - ngubani na ezinjalo? AmaKatolika namaProtestanti. NamaProtestanti Russia

Namhlanje kukho ukubuyela ngokomoya. Ngakumbi nangakumbi abantu bacinge malunga ingxenye yakhe ebomini bethu. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngubani amaProtestanti. Le kwicala elahlukileyo Christianity, okanye ihlelo, njengoko abanye becinga.

Kwakhona sivandlakanye imbambano kwemisinga ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kobuProtestanti. Kuya kuba iinkcukacha umdla malunga isikhundla abaxhasi le intshukumo eRashiya yanamhlanje.
Funda phezu yaye uya kufunda indlela iimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye emininzi.

Ungubani amaProtestanti

Kwinkulungwane yeshumi, eNtshona Yurophu kwabakho ukwahlukana inxalenye enkulu esithembekileyo of the Roman Catholic Church. Esi siganeko kwi historiography ubizwa ngokuba "lolungiso." Ngenxa yoko, amaProtestanti - ukuba yinxalenye lamaKristu akuvumelani ngemigaqo unqulo yamaKatolika, kwaye eminye imiba wezakwalizwi.

Okulandelayo, sikwenzele ngokungafaniyo kobuProtestanti abasuka kwiindawo ezifana kobuOthodoki yamaKatolika. Okwangoku, kubiza nzulu kancinane kwimbali kule ntshukumo.

Abanemvume e Western eYurophu ixesha enjalo, xa inkampani yeyela ukuxhomekeka ngokuphelelyo hayi kuphela kubalawuli behlabathi, kodwa ibandla.

Phantse akukho mbuzo ayilungiseki ngaphandle inxaxheba yombingeleli, kuba oko emtshatweni okanye iingxaki zemihla ngemihla.

Imicu kakhulu kubomi bentlalo, oobawo yamaKatolika engcwele wayiqokelela ubutyebi kakhulu. Ekhala obutofotofo kunye nemigangatho kabini kwakusenziwa lendela wazifihla kubo kuluntu. Ukukhulisa ukunganeliseki ngenxa yokuba uninzi imiba kuqwalaselwa umlomo okanye kwanyanzeleka ababingeleli zongenelelo.

Kulapha kule meko kwaye babe nethuba lokuba abe Martina Lyutera weva. Le wezakwalizwi German kunye nombingeleli. Njengelungu le-Order Augustinian, wayesoloko wabukela le ukonakala yabefundisi yamaKatolika. Ngenye imini, wathi, waba Epiphany malunga nendlela lokwenene Orthodox zamaKristu.

Umphumo waba "Isalathiswana encwandini," nto leyo Luther ngendlu yecawa e eWittenberg ngo-1517, kwakunye inyathelo nxamnye intengiso kwezono.

Isiseko umgaqo of Protestantism «sola fide» (kuphela ngokholo). Uthi ukuba akukho namnye kweli hlabathi ukunceda umntu asindiswe, kodwa yena. Ngenxa yoko, itshayelwe bucala ababingeleli kwiziko intengiso kwezono, umnqweno ubutyebi okanye igunya phezu inxalenye amagosa zecawa.

Masiqhubeke ukuba ahlale phezu umahluko zemfundiso phakathi iinkalo ezintathu ubuKristu.

Ngokungafaniyo amaKatolika Orthodox

Orthodox, amaKatolika namaProtestanti unecawa single - ubuKristu. Noko ke, kule nkqubo yophuhliso zembali zentlalo ziye nobanda eziliqela. Le yokuqala ngo-1054, xa yi yamaRoma Katolika Wawahlula kwiCawa Orthodox. Kamva, kwinkulungwane yeshumi, ngexesha uHlaziyo, kwabakho ukwahlukana ngokupheleleyo - Protestantism.

Makhe sibone indlela izimiso ezahlukeneyo kwezi amabandla. Yaye kutheni yangaphambili amaProtestanti ngokufuthi ibe Orthodox.

Ngoko ke, njengokuba ezimbini kakhulu yamandulo, amaKatolika Orthodox bakugqala ibandla lokwenyaniso. AmaProtestanti abe ezahlukeneyo zemboniselo. Ezinye iindawo ngisho baphika imfuneko yokuba lilungu naliphi na ihlelo.

Phakathi ababingeleli Orthodox bavumelekile ukuba batshate kanye, iimonki balelwa ukungena emtshatweni. AmaKatolika yesiko Latin, bonke ukunika ngesibhambathiso engafuni. AmaProtestanti zivumelekile ukuba ukutshata, ukuba akukwazi engafuni.

Kwakhona kule yokugqibela akukho akukho neziko monasticism, ngokuchaseneyo imiyalelo emibini yokuqala.

AmaKatolika abe negunya liphakamileyo i Pope, i-Orthodox - imisebenzi Ootata kunye isibhalo, amaProtestanti - iBhayibhile kuphela.

Ukongeza, amaProtestanti akazange ukujongana umbuzo «filioque», nto leyo lilitye lesiseko ingxabano phakathi amaKatolika Orthodox. Kananjalo ke akukho zentlambululo, kwaye Virgin uMariya ubonwa umfuziselo umfazi ogqibeleleyo.

Of amiswa ezisixhenxe amaProtestanti eqhelekileyo kwamkela ubhaptizo kuphela yobudlelane. Akukho uvumo kwaye alubonwanga kukunqulwa icon.

UbuProtestanti e Russia

Nangona Russian Federation kunye nelizwe Orthodox, kodwa kukho nezinye ngokwaselukholweni, esinobudlelane ngalo. Ngokukodwa, kukho amaKatolika amaProtestanti, amaYuda amaBhuda, amarhamente izithethe yokomoya inqubo bulumko.

Ngokutsho manani eRussia malunga nezigidi ezithathu lamaProtestanti ukuya mabandla ngaphezu kwamawaka alishumi. Kwezi ndawo ngokusemthethweni kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Ubulungisa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha.

Lo mkhuba inkulu kwi Russian bakwaMoya Protestantism ingqalelo. Bona zesebe iguqulwa (neo-bakwaMoya) kwadityaniswa abalandeli ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, abanye baya kuba inkolo yakwaNtu Russian. AmaProtestanti malunga Orthodox ndithi abahlobo, esibaqhelileyo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha befunda iincwadi ekhethekileyo. Xa nokubuyekezwa abo baye "babuyela emhlambini" umama isonto, baziva xibilili, akusekho alahlekisa.

Le imisinga eseleyo eqhelekileyo Russian Federation, ukuba imini Seventh-Adventists, amaBhaptizi, minnonity, amaLuthere, amaKristu evangelini, amaWisile kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Emva koko, siza kuthetha banzi ezi ntlobo ziqhelekileyo Protestantism eRashiya. Kwakhona touch phezu kwezinye mahlelo, leyo ngokwenkcazo zisemngciphekweni phakathi ihlelo kunye ibandla lamaProtestanti.

bakaCalvin

AmaProtestanti kakhulu ifana - bakaCalvin kuyo. Le indlela kwasekwa kwinkulungwane yama-elinesithandathu eSwitzerland. Umshumayeli French abaselula wezakwalizwi, Zhan Kalvin, wagqiba ukuqhubeka nokuzinzisa izimvo ngokutsha Martina Lyutera.

Watsho ukuba kufuneka zisuswe amabandla, hayi kuphela oko kuchasene isibhalo, kodwa ezo zinto zezomzuzwana, ke zona nkqu sekeriweke eBibeleni. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho nezenkolo endlwini yokuthandaza kufuneka ibe kuphela oko kubhaliweyo kule ncwadi engcwele.

Ngoko ke, kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano kwiqela le-iimfundiso aphethwe amaProtestanti kunye Orthodox. Icawa yokuqala bakholelwa nayiphi ukuhlanganiswa abantu egameni leNkosi, ukukhanyela isininzi abangcwele, iNtombi Mary kunye neempawu zamaKristu.

Ukongeza, akholelwa ukuba ukholo umntu ethatha ngokwakhe nomgwebo ziingcathu. Ngoko, ubhaptizo kwenzeka kuphela nasebudaleni.

Orthodox amaProtestanti zezona malunga ngokupheleleyo kwezo ndawo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Ukongeza, bahambelana nenkolelo yokuba iBhayibhile uchaze umntu oqeqeshelwe kuphela. ZamaProtestanti bakholelwa ukuba wonke umntu wenza oko zikwenza ngamandla azo kunye nophuhliso ngokomoya.

amaLuthere

Enyanisweni, amaLuthere mbende eyinkuthazo oyinyaniso Martina Lyutera. Emva kokuba adlale ngayo kule kwisixeko yaseSpeyer intshukumo baqala ukubiza "amaProtestanti ecaweni."

Igama elithi "yamaLuthere" wabonakala kwinkulungwane yeshumi ngexesha impikiswano bezakwalizwi abangamaKatolika kunye nababingeleli Luther. Ngoko ke ngendlela ethoba isidima ekuthiwa abalandeli yoHlaziyo uyise. AmaLuthere ngokwabo zibizwa ngokuba "evangelicals."

Ngenxa yoko, amaKatolika, amaProtestanti, Orthodox kufuna usindiso umphefumlo, kodwa iindlela nganye zahlukile. Ukungangqinelani, isimiso, ngokusekelwe kuphela malunga nentsingiselo eziBhalweni.

Yakhe "Isalathiswana encwandini" Martin Luther uphikisa bonke ababingeleli Institute kunye nezithethe ezininzi aphethwe amaKatolika. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ezi ezintsha ezingabo amanqwanqwa eziphathekayo ngakumbi nezehlabathi yobomi, ngaphezu ngokomoya. Ngoko ke nabo kufuneka zilahlwe.

Ukongeza, ngenxa nawo inkolelo uYesu Kristu ukufa kwakhe eGolgotha sihlawulela izono zabantu, kuquka yokuqala. Konke ufuna ukuba ubomi ukonwaba ukuba nikholwe kuzo iindaba ezilungileyo.

AmaLuthere kwakhona banoluvo lokuba nawuphi na umbingeleli - iyafana engumshumayeli, kodwa professional ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele yokushumayela. Ngoko ke, ngokuba umthendeleko bonke abantu basebenzisa indebe.

AmaLuthere namhlanje ukubandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu ezigidi. Kodwa ngobunye, ungekho. Kukho yokuhlanganisa elahlukileyo ihlelo isiseko sembali neendawo.

Kwi-Russian Federation, ethandwa kakhulu kule meko ke uluntu 'ndikhonza amaLuthere Ilixa ".

lweBhaptizi

Rhoqo ngokuqhula bathi lamaBhaptizi - a amaProtestanti British. Kodwa kule ngxelo kukho ingqolowa inyaniso. Ngapha koko, ukuba eyabelwe kuba phakathi namaPuritani UK.

Eneneni, ubhaptizo - linqanam elandelayo zophuhliso (njengoko abanye bekholelwa), okanye lom nje nezenkolo. Igama elithi ngokwayo livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "ubhaptizo". Yiloo nto ke ingcinga ephambili ichazwe kwisihloko, le meko.

LweBhaptizi bakholelwa ukuba oyinyaniso kuphela umntu onjalo kungathathwa ikholwa othi ebudaleni weza ingcamango bashiye sesono bayamkela ngokunyanisekileyo ukholo entliziyweni yakhe.

Iingcinga ndivuma abaninzi amaProtestanti eRashiya. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uninzi fanele likaMoya, oko kuthetha ngezantsi, ezinye iimbono kuzo ziyafana.

Ngokufutshane ebonisa ezisisiseko ze-wobomi ecaweni, amaBhaptizi, amaProtestanti bazithemba ukuba upopu igunya yeBhayibhile kuzo zonke iimeko. Abambelela iingcamango wobubingeleli jikelele kunye nebandla, oko kukuthi, ukuzimela koluntu ngalunye nokuzimela.

Presbyter alenzi nayiphi na igunya yokwenene, nje ufunda iintshumayelo neemfundiso. Yonke imibuzo igqitywa kwiintlanganiso jikelele kunye namabhunga ibandla. Unqulo kuquka ukushumayela, bevuma elokudumisa kusitsho umculo weentambula kwakunye imithandazo ngcono.

Namhlanje, amaBhaptizi Russian, njengoko Adventists, bazichaza ngokwezito njengamaKristu ivangeli iicawa zabo - imithandazo izindlu.

likaMoya

Eyona eliqela amaProtestanti eRashiya - ukuba bakwaMoya. Kwilizwe lethu kubhaliwe phezu yayize ukusuka Western eYurophu Finland ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

BakwaMoya Okokuqala, okanye, njengoko yayibizwa njalo ngoko, "loBunye", waba Thomas Barratt. Wafika ngo-1911 ukususela eNorway ukuya eSt Petersburg. Apha lo mshumayeli wathi yena abe ngumlandeli of abangamaKristu ngomoya bapostile baziincamisa, waqala ukuwela bonke ukubenza.

Isiseko sokholo kunye lokukhula ubhaptizo likaMoya ngoMoya oyiNgcwele. Babona lokukhula ngamanzi. Kodwa amava ukuba amava umntu ngexesha ekuhleni kwayo uMoya phezu kwakhe, ingqalelo oku kumProtestanti phezu kakhulu echanekileyo. Bathi urhulumente, ngelo xesha babona ukubhaptizwa, elingana mizwa zabapostile, wathabatha yolwaluko uYesu Kristu ke ngomhla wamashumi amahlanu emva kovuko.

Yiyo ke loo nto bayibiza ecaweni yabo imbeko ngemini Descent loMoya oyiNgcwele, okanye Emnye (wePentekoste). Abalandeli bakholelwa ukuba oko azinikeleyo wamkela omnye izipho zaphezulu. Uthabatha ilizwi lobulumko, kuphiliswa, imimangaliso, isiprofeto, ubuchule ukuthetha ngeelwimi zasemzini okanye ukwahlula phakathi oomoya.

I-Russian Federation iye kuthi ga imibutho nempembelelo obuProtestanti zithathwa ezintathu engqongileyo bakwaMoya. Bangena iNdibano kaThixo.

ngamaMennonite

Abavangeli - enye kwamasebe ezininzi umdla Protestantism. La maKristu amaProtestanti kuqala wavakalisa pacifism njengenxalenye imfundiso.
Bekukho ihlelo banesifo yenkulungwane yeshumi eNetherlands.

Liyiqwalasele umsunguli Simons. Ekuqaleni, yena Katolika wemka kwaye imigaqo-siseko ka Anabaptism. Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile nzulu kakhulu kwezinye iinkalo le mfundiso.

Ngoko ke, amaMennonite bakholelwa ukuba ubukumkani bukaThixo emhlabeni uya kuza kuphela inkxaso bonke abantu, xa ukugqiba ibandla jikelele oyinyaniso. Bible - igunya okunjalo, kwaye Emnye - into kuphela eye ubungcwele. Ndinibhaptiza kuphela abadala emva ukwamkelwa kwezisombululo eqinileyo kunye lokwenene.

Kodwa Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ingqalelo wawo yokungavumi ukuya emkhosini, isifungo yomkhosi kunye ukumangalelana. Ngale ndlela, abaxhasi kulo mbutho ukuba kukusukelana kwabantu uxolo ubudlova.

In ihlelo Russian uBukhosi ongumProtestanti weza ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine Omkhulu. Emva koko wacela abahlali ukuba kwenye inxalenye aseBalti kwi Russia New, kummandla iVolga kunye Caucasus. Ekutshintsheni iziganeko ibe lulutho kuba ngamaMennonite, njengoko bejamelene nentshutshiso eNtshona Yurophu. Ngoko ke, kwakukho amaza ezimbini zemfuduko ngenkani ukuya ngasempuma.

Namhlanje kwi Russian Federation le nto idityaniswe amaBhaptizi.

Adventist

Njengaye nawuphi na umKristu ozinikeleyo, lamaProtestanti ukholelwa ukufika yesibini uMesiya. Yaba kwesi siganeko kwaye yakhiwa ekuqaleni intanda Sabatha (ukusuka 'ukuza' ngamazwi Latin).

Ngowe-1831, umthetheli owayesakuba United States Army Miller waba umBhaptizi kamva wapapasha incwadi malunga ukuza ebalulekileyo kaYesu Kristu Matshi 21, 1843. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba akukho mntu wabonakala. Ke kwabakho izilungiso inaccuracy le nguqulelo, kwaye uMesiya kulindeleke entlakohlaza 1844. Xa kwaye okwesihlandlo sesibini ayiphumelelanga yenyama, kwakukho ixesha ukudakumba phakathi abathembekileyo, leyo historiography ekuthiwa "yaphoxeka".

Emva koko, ngexesha Millerite yahlulwe kwinani amahlelo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ezininzi kwaye ithandwayo imini Seventh-Adventists. Baye enye ulawulo kwaye ngobuchule kuphuhliswa kumazwe aliqela.

In uBukhosi Russian, kwafika nge ngokuba ngamaMennonite. Uluntu lokuqala kwasekwa usingasiqithi iCrimea nommandla iVolga.

Ngenxa ukwala ukuthatha izixhobo nokufunga, va phantsi intshutshiso eSoviet Union. Kodwa ekupheleni yoma zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwakukho intshukumo ye achache. Yaye ngowe-1990, le nkongolo yokuqala ka-Sabatha yasetyenziswa Russian Unión.

AmaProtestanti, okanye amahlelo

Namhlanje akukho mathandabuzo ukuba amaProtestanti - le yenye amasebe ngokulinganayo ubuKristu, ngemfundiso yabo, imigaqo, iziseko ihambo nonqulo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iicawa eziphezu umbutho efana kakhulu lamaProtestanti, kodwa, enyanisweni, akunjalo. Le yokugqibela, umzekelo, amaNgqina kaYehova.

Kodwa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki, nangokuphambana imfundiso yabo, kwakunye ngokuvunyiweyo iingxelo zangaphambili kamva, le ntshukumo ayikwazi ayintsokothanga sezandleni ezinye uhlobo ulwalathiso.

AmaNgqina kaYehova ukwamkela uKristu, Emnye, i icon emnqamlezweni. Babheka ezingundoqo kuThixo olumkileyo yedwa, lowo ubizwa ngokuba uYehova, ngathi nobugqi ephakathi. Eminye yemigaqo okudibeneyo yamaProtestanti. Kodwa oku kwenzeka akumenzi abaxhasi amahlelo zamaKristu.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi kunye nawe kweli nqaku kujongwana nabo amaProtestanti, yaye sasithetha malunga imeko amasebe ezahlukeneyo eRashiya.

luck ezilungileyo kuwe, abafundi abathandekayo!