System of Accounts yeSizwe - "Mfanekiso" kwezoqoqosho karhulumente

Imisebenzi yequmrhu kwezoqoqosho kulo naliphi na inqanaba - nokuba inkampani yabucala okanye kuzwe lonke - kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo neboniswe ingxelo enceda ithuba lokuyihlolisisa le meko ngoku nokwenza uqikelelo kwixesha elizayo. Noko ke, ukuba kunjalo inkampani ingxelo umzobo ngumgaqo umlinganiselo ayifuni ezinkulu inkcitho yabasebenzi, kwimeko urhulumente kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi - ubomi yonke yezoqoqosho yeli lizwe yonyaka akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokusesikweni umgangatho ingxelo ngeziphumo zemali. inkqubo akhawunti kazwelonke ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izizwe zehlabathi lwanikwa ithuba zifane kwaye kulula ukuqonda iingxelo, nto leyo kamva isetyenziswe kweli nangaphandle. Malunga koko, yintoni na SNA yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo, sichaza kweli nqaku.

System of Accounts sikaZwelonke kwisakhiwo esikhulu iziphawuli ezalanayo, leyo zibalwa ngokusekelwe kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani. SNA wayenempebelelo imfuneko ukuqokelela nokucwangcisa ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi kwezoqoqosho States. Imizamo yokuqala ukwenza prototype kwenkqubo akhawunti yesizwe abasusela banesifo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini - Keynes kunye nabalandeli bakhe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza ummiselo yoqoqosho olukhulu, nakuba ayengenalo umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yesizwe yezoqoqosho. Noko ke, umfutho inamandla kuphuhliso SNS owalwamkelayo novalo emva kwexesha, emva kokuba ukusekwa nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe afana ne-UN, World Bank Group kunye IMF. Ekubeni imibutho zikhankanywe ngasentla abandakanyeke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunye namazwe liboleke abanye, oko kuyimfuneko ngokusekelwe ezithile nemikhombandlela evavanya creditworthiness kunye yokuhlawula amatyala abo banamatyala zabo, ngoko ke ngenxa yemizamo yabo SNA liqulunqe imigaqo esisiseko benkqubo yomsebenzi kunye akhawunti yesizwe. SNA kuqala ngokomlinganiselo ovunyiweyo yamkelwa ngo-1953, lo wesibini - ngo-1968, lo wesithathu - ngo-1993, kwaye yokugqibela, ngoku namhlanje - ngo-2008. Ukuvela imilinganiselo ezintsha ezinxulumene ngokutsha koqoqosho lwehlabathi: Incedisa kumazwe aphuhlileyo ukusebenza kushishino inkonzo, ukuvela kwamashishini amatsha, imisebenzi nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe , njalo-njalo.

inkqubo akhawunti kazwelonke usebenza nge parameters zilandelayo:

1) GDP kunye GNP - data ezimbini ezibonisa ukuba udibaniso lwamaxabiso zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kweli lizwe. Umahluko phakathi wamazwe imveliso yasekhaya, na ingqikelelo 'ngaphakathi' ikwaquka ixabiso eziveliswa non-nabahlali ummandla kurhulumente, kwaye igama elithi "zesizwe" non-umhlali imveliso zithathelwa ingqalelo, kodwa kuquka iimveliso ezenziwa ngabahlali karhulumente aphesheya.

2) ukusetyenziswa Gross - imele udibaniso lwamaxabiso wonke amaxabiso ezifunyenwe ngenjongo yokusebenzisa yempahla kunye neenkonzo. Qaphela ukuba ahluke imveliso (ukuthenga semifinished ukuba kuqhutyelwe phambili), kunye nokusetyenziswa yokugqibela.

3) Gross - Esi salathisi kunika uluvo lokuba lo mali iyonke ekufumaneni ikapitali zombini amaqumrhu ngokwasemzimbeni esemthethweni. Oku kuquka iidipozithi kunye neebhanki, imali-akhawunti ngoku, kwakunye imisebenzi yokufumaneka kunye nokuphuculwa asethi ezisisigxina.

4) utyalo Gross - kunika uluvo lokuba lo mali iyonke imali imali ngabahlali. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphawuli №№2, 3 no 4 isantya ngesifo kunye notyalo-mali ibalwa, ezo ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo kophiliso (umlinganiselo wokukhula GDP kwixabiso egqibeleleyo okanye utyalo-mali)

5) Ibhalansi yorhwebo langaphandle - ibonisa indlela kakuhle entle ilizwe kuthatha emakethe zomhlaba, nokuba ngumntu net okanye ongenisa imveliso.

Akhawunti National namhlanje sesona sixhobo ngaphandle ezenza kube nzima ukuba nomfanekiso inzululwazi zoqoqosho zale mihla. Ulwazi kunye nokuqonda imigaqo kunye ukubalwa yeempawu ezisisiseko SNA ngundoqo nokuqonda zombini iinkqubo macro kunye megaekonomicheskih.