Production hydrogen

Enye yezinto ezilungileyo ebalulekileyo yamandla hydrogen kuba phambi kukho ezininzi iindlela ukuvelisa hydrogen. Oku kunegalelo ekuphakamiseni ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezithile zempahla ekrwada. imveliso hydrogen enokwenziwa:

1. indlela zomphunga oguqukayo methane negesi yendalo;
2. usebenzisa amalahle gasification;
3. yi electrolysis amanzi;
4. indlela pyrolysis;
5. yi igcwala ubuso;
6. iindlela ze-biotechnology.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela libiza kancinane kwaye kakhulu ukufikelela - litshintshele ngomphunga. Iingcali ukuqikelela ukusetyenziswa kwayo luya kuqhubeka lokuqala ukuqaliswa kuqoqosho hydrogen. Noko ke, kwixesha elizayo kusafuneka sishintshe eneji, ngenxa yokuba ukuncitshiswa ebalulekileyo egesi mhlawumbi sizathu siphambili lenguqu ukuya amandla hydrogen. Oku kusetyenziswa amandla elanga okanye amandla omoya, nto leyo evumela electrolysis amanzi.

Ukuzikisa imveliso hydrogen kumashishini amakhulu kufuna ukuphuhliswa yokunciphisa iindleko, kodwa ngaxeshanye, ufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo hydrogen yezothutho kwizikhululo ezizodwa. Kungenjalo zibonwa imveliso hydrogen ngomlinganiselo encinane ngqo ne-hydrogen AU.

Ngoku hydrogen iveliswa kwimithombo emininzi zempahla ekrwada. Okulandelayo, sicinga kakhulu ethandwa ngabo.

hydrocarbon

Namhlanje, phantse isiqingatha isizukulwana hydrogen yenziwa umphunga oguqukayo yerhasi yendalo yi indlela (methane). Le nkqubo ke elisetyenziswa methane kunye umphunga wamanzi kubushushu ka 700 - 1000 ° C phantsi koxinzelelo omkhulu phambi kuvala.

amalahle gasification

Gasification amalahle yindlela endala kwemveliso hydrogen. Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: carbon kumo ukuya kwiqondo 800 -1300 ° C xa ingekho ioksijini. project FutureGen uvelise isityalo esitsha hydrogen lwamandla, ngokusekelwe ekuvelisweni engundoqo izinto ngale ndlela. Oku kubonisa ziza kwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza eUnited States.

zokubasa

Biomass, hydrogen lukhutshwe iindlela ezimbini: hormone thermochemical. Xa imveliso zengqo- hydrogen eziveliswa iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, Rodobacter speriodes. indlela Thermochemical kubandakanya ngokushushubeza le biomass ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 500 - 800 ° C (umthi inkunkuma) xa kungekho moya. Isiphumo sale olukheto kuku H2, CO kunye CH4.

udoti

inkqubela kwezobugcisa kubandakanya ukufumana iindlela ezintsha lwemveliso hydrogen, yona imveliso hydrogen ukusuka yenkunkuma. Le ndlela sele ngenkuthalo iphunyezwe basisebenzise.

Le khemikhali abasabela ngayo amanzi kunye nesinyithi

US Purdue University wasungula indlela yemveliso hydrogen ngamanzi yi ukusetyenziswa aluminium ingxubevange. Oku kubandakanya ukusekwa ngeengqalutye ukusuka ingxubevange kaLayishe waseGalim-aluminiyam, ezithi ke ngoko ibekwe kwisikhongozeli yamanzi. indlela Chemical kwenzeka ngenxa hydrogen oluvelayo.

electrolysis Water lwenziwa umbane hydrogen, iguqulela umbane kwilanga evela Ufakelo zoshishino okanye okusingqongileyo kunye namanzi wabola.

Ukuveliswa hydrogen evela kwimithombo yamandla njengomoya, ilanga amandla, enyukliya ngoxa babefunda kuphela zizazinzulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi ndlela banethemba ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwixesha elizayo. intshayelelo yazo icetyelwe kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo. Kakade ekuqaleni ixabiso iindleko hydrogen kufunxwa ndlela, uya kuba phezulu, kodwa ke ngcembe ufikelela i index uphawu kangangoko.

Okwangoku, hydrogen isetyenziswa ekwenziweni zepetroli, ammonia, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba iindleko imveliso hydrogen peroxide.