Uvavanyo Non-etshabalalisayo amalungu welding: izixhobo, GOST

Welding olusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi kufakelo, ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa iqondo eliphezulu ukuthembeka obuchopho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ekuhlanganiseni thermal ayikho enye indlela, kodwa kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yokusebenza yayo, bangabi sakhunjulwa neemeko zokusebenza. Ngako oko, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye ukuvavanya umgangatho omhlophe. Iingcali basebenzisa uvavanyo non-umonakalo amalungu nge welding, ukuvumela ukuba ugcine isakhiwo umbandela kule ndawo ngokuhlangeneyo kunye nokusebenza kuyilo lulonke.

imigangatho Regulatory (GOST)

Ukuphunyezwa iindlela ezingezo-etshabalalisayo uvavanyo lwenziwe ngokungqinelana kwimimiselo yobuchwepheshe. Ingakumbi ukuba welding iqulethe icandelo GOST phantsi inani 3242-79. Ikhokelwa imigaqo yeli candelo, inkosi angasebenzisa indlela ethile esweni. Sichaza kuphela izixhobo zovavanyo yokusebenza, kodwa nezixhobo. Kwezinye iimeko, yaye wavumela ukutenxa iimfuno, ebandakanya GOST. uvavanyo Non-umonakalo amalungu welding kulo mzekelo ijolise ngeendlela ukuba ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho, ezo Kucetyiswa ukuba imisebenzi ukuchonga iziphene ngokuphathelele zesinyithi ezithile aluminium. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinjalo kufuneka isekelwe kwiimfuno weendwendwe, kodwa elinye icandelo - 19521-74.

Ziziphi iziphene ziyazibhaqekela?

Kukho amaqela eziliqela yeziphene ezinceda zokuva iteknoloji ukuhlolwa non-etshabalalisayo na. Kwinqanaba lesiseko elibhaqiweyo kumphezulu iziphako umthungo. nokuphambuka okunjalo norm ingalungiswa zoviwo lwangaphandle naxa, nokuba ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa. Umzekelo, lwangaphandle i uvavanyo non-etshabalalisayo welds kunceda ukulungisa imimandla discontinuity ejongene komhlaba. Le iziphene yangaphakathi ayikwazi ukubonwa ngaphandle iindlela ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa. Icacisa imilo weld, ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.

Akusoloko enesiphene ikuthethayo nkalongoko loyilo okanye imveliso kusebenziso lasemva ezinye iinjongo. Kwakhona, ngokwenkcukacha, lo weld kunokuba aphambuke ezibalulekileyo ingenamsebenzi. emsebenzini wolawulo njengokuba ixesha ukuchonga iziphene ezibalulekileyo, leyo bachazwa izinto zokusebenza neemfuno ezingafanelekanga.

Izixhobo ukuba indlela yokulawula ive

Le ndlela ekuhloleni ubukho neziphene kumaziko welds yenye yezona enobuchwepheshe, oluchanekileyo kakuhle. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zale mihla yolawulo, ubanika kwakhona nsimbi isicelo. Ingasetyenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngaphandle ugesi. Ukungqinisiswa isebenze cuke isici tshin, eliquka iimodyuli ezininzi ezisebenzayo. Ingakumbi, le uvavanyo non-etshabalalisayo amalungu welding, kukuba ukusebenzisa transducers piezoelectric, eziquka amacandelo hardware for ukwamkelwa kunye nokusasazeka amaza cuke. Le fowuni yenza la mandla oscillations cuke, kwaye ufumana imiyalezo kubonakala ukuba thaca umqhubi ngendlela elula ukwenzela uhlalutyo. Ukuphonononga awo lo umqondiso, izixhobo umsebenzisi imisela yoMgaqo iziphene.

Izixhobo iliso radiation

Le ndlela kuthiwa radiation siphaku ekufunyanweni amalungu welding. Umgaqo isifundo isekelwe phezu nokubonelelwa ionizing radiation. Ngexesha sicatshulwa imitha ngokusebenzisa umthungo unciphisa namandla, ngokuxhomekeke Ebubanzini kwanokuxinana umbandela. Utshintsho kwiirhafu komoya ukuba umqhubi ukufumanisa ubukho discontinuities Ebubanzini zo xhulumaniso. Ekwenzeni lo msebenzi, sebenzisa iintlobo zemithombo X-ray. Izixhobo oluqhelekilyo uvavanyo non-etshabalalisayo amalungu welding kule hlobo ngohlobo accelerators electron kunye gammadefektoskopov. Ukukwazi ukudibanisa iiyunithi data imisebe radioisotope. abenzi Russian of koomatshini X-ray zokutshekisha welds kuvelisa izixhobo ukuba ukwenza ulawulo ngaphezulu uluhlu amandla radiation photon-avareji ukusukela ku-15 keV ukuya MeV-30.

Izixhobo ukulawula thermal

Uvandlakanyo quality weld ngu ukufunda ngokukhawuleza thermal ivumela ukusebenza nge ezahlukene ze ezisetyenziswa kushishino kunye kwishishini lokwakha. Ngokuphathelele iziphene awubonakali, uhlalutyo thermal uchonga nemingxuma, iintanda, ukungabikho izahlulo fusion, inclusions angaphandle kunye ezifana. D. ngqo amalahle iindawo yaye uphumeza ukubhaliswa radiometer ekrokrisayo. Esi sixhobo, eyenza i uvavanyo non-etshabalalisayo welds zezakhiwo metal phezu kwindawo yonke. Ngexesha analysis, ukuhlola umqhubi kunye isakhiwo esisiseko undeformed kunye kuhlangana khona. Ngokuthelekisa imimandla yamandulo namalungu egqitywe nokuthembeka yokwakha. Namhlanje, kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo le ndlela. Ngokukodwa, indlela iquka ukuhla uhlalutyo vibroteplovizionny kwi transfer amandla into.

Izixhobo ukulawula yombane

Formation yasendle yombane ehlabathini uvavanyo into ikwavumela ukufumanisa kuyilo uphawu lobume yangaphakathi kwi amanqaku udibaniso. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela kusetyenziswa converters elektroemkostnye kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo kwentloko bayazibhijabhija ukungafani eziphakamileyo zelizwe electrostatic. Lo msebenzi osemqoka uluncedo kakhulu kangangokuba umqhubi amarekhodi ukuhla nokunyuka imvelaphi uvakalelo oluphezulu ekusebenziseni ubume umva kwi eziphathekayo. Electric nondestructive ukulawula umgangatho amalungu welding kwizakhiwo linearly Yokutshayelela kubandakanya ukunxibelelana transducers. izixhobo ezifana ngokukodwa angasetyenziswa ekuphononongeni umgangatho welds kwakheka kwi wire, njengemicwana yentsimbi, iintonga njalo. G., Kuxhomekeka i electrode unikezelo lwangoku izikimu ezahlukeneyo ingasetyenziswa.

Devices for ukulawula capillary

Le uluhlu olubanzi iindlela ezithe ngqo kukufunyanwa nokuzimisela parameters siphene lwangaphakathi. Njengoko izixhobo zokusebenza kusetyenziswa uhlolo penetrant. Barekhoda iimpawu nemingxuma ezifanayo, ubume babo, kwicala, ubunzulu kunye nendawo lwesithuba. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wazo, kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa penetrants hayi. Oku izinto ulwelo okanye flowable leyo, xa kuqaliswa kulo umthungo kunokwenzeka kunye ukusasazeka kwayo phezu ukuqanda zangaphakathi. iindlela Capillary yokuhlola non-etshabalalisayo welds ezisebenzisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo penetrant. Yinto uhlobo developers ukuba ukunika ingcaciso malunga isakhiwo uvavanyo compound penetrant. Kukho izinto ukuba usebenze xa cuke magnetic, umbala, kunye nezinye pulses. Ezinye khompawundi ibe reactivity ngokukhawuleza, ngoko nangoko emva kufuneka ulawulo yokusingatha babizwa ngokuba amalungu absorbers. Abasusa impembelelo elibi capillary penetrant phezu kwezinto ezithile into, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba bathi le ndlela non-destructively.

Avuzayo angabonwa kwi nokuhlangana kwayo nje indlela yolawulo

Le ndlela inxibelelene kakhulu kunye nemigaqo ubuchwepheshe yolawulo lwangaphambili, kodwa ezinye umahluko omkhulu. Ukuba indlela capillary swi nkcazelo ngqo nemingxuma parameters zangaphakathi, umgaqo evuzayo ubhaqo ijolise ukufumana iinxalenye apho ukutywina yaphulwe. Kulo mzekelo, omhlophe iwelding mazitshekishwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa izixhobo elulwelo, kodwa emoyeni negesi umxube. Amaxesha amaninzi le ndlela isetyenziswa phambi ubuchule capillary, kuba ukuba kukodwa Ubhaqo ukuvuza ibhaqa ukugxojwa yengxinano kwi site uxhulumano, kodwa ayiboneleli ngolwazi malunga iimpawu engasebenzi.

Indlela ukukhetha indlela yolawulo ngokupheleleyo?

Iingcali angaphumelela ukusuka imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe yi ukulawula. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlolo umphezulu, kunokwenzeka ukulawula iteknoloji evuzayo ubhaqo Wathi okanye onamava uhlolo olubonakalayo. Kuba uhlalutyo olunzulu kwaye luchaneke kakhulu isetyenziswa, cuke, umbane, kunye X-ray koomatshini. Emva koko, cinga indlela uvavanyo oluthile non-etshabalalisayo amalungu welding, kunokuba ngempumelelo xa kuphunyezwa kwimeko ethile. Ngenxa yoko, indlela cuke ingasetyenziswa nakuwuphi na bume, kodwa kuyabiza. indlela ngakumbi elinako ukuzihlawulela iSebe ukuhlolisiswa iziphene zombane, kodwa ingasetyenziswa kuphela xa kukho umthombo ezinzile yangoku.

isiphelo

Control ezitho kuqhagamshelwano izakhiwo zentsimbi yinto ukuthembeka ebalulekileyo kuhlolwa operation. Ngaphandle iziphumo zovavanyo ezintle, ungasebenzisa imveliso injongo eyenzelwe yona okanye uyilo. Ukongeza, uvavanyo non-etshabalalisayo amalungu welding, uyakwazi ukunika inkcazelo malunga izibonelelo ubudala owawusebenza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, nkqu beentanda ezikumgangatho ophezulu zixhomekeke ukunxiba, ngoko ke uvavanyo kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo. Emva yena kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo anikwe uluvo kwi imeko lobugcisa eso sakhiwo. Ngokusekelwe kolu xwebhu, injineli ophetheyo ukwenza izigqibo okanye ukuphelisa isiphene okanye ukwamkelwa kwento ukuze zisetyenziswe.