Apho ukuba kukhule orchid? Orchid zasendle

Eqhubela phambili orchid bayihombise nayiphi ikhaya. Yongeza umbala ukuya ngaphakathi, idala yimvakalelo amathayara kunye nentuthuzelo. Kodwa wonke umntu uyazi ukuba orchid bekungasoloko intyatyambo potted, kwindalo kukho iintlobo ezininzi ubuhle. Apho orchid kukhula zasendle? Leliphi ilizwe kufuneka aye ukunandipha bendalo ubuhle izityalo? Le mibuzo baxabisa ifuna iimpendulo eneenkcukacha.

Luni izityalo

orchid esizithandayo ungomnye izityalo endala. Kuqinisekisiwe impilo yabo kude emva nexesha emva kwexesha Cretaceous. Ngokutsho ukuhlelwa usapho orchid yenzululwazi bobabo isebe izityalo eneentyatyambo, udidi monocots, izityalo ukuze asparagales. igama Latin - Orchidáceae.

Xa iyonke kukho ngaphezu kwamawaka 35. Iintlobo zeentyatyambo. Enyanisweni, ezi zityalo zenza inxalenye wesixhenxe zonke imibala zehlabathi. Kodwa ezahlukeneyo ephawulekayo kokubini ifomu yaye ngebala, kunye nobukhulu. Ngoko ke, ngubani na yena, ubuhle, orchid? Apho ikhula (amazwe, amazwekazi)? Ziziphi iimeko edingekayo? Koda kube nini abantu bazi ngaloo nto?

I okuqala

E Verona, ngomhla yokwemba Monte Bolsa, amaqhekeza zindala orchid zifunyenwe. Igama flower livele-sobulumko ongumGrike uTheophrastus, owayehlala 6-5 kwiinkulungwane BC. sobulumko isityalo Beautiful equkwe njengendawo yokuhlala imbali yenkqubo kwi Botany zamachiza, ebizwa De Imbali Plantarum. izazinzulu yamandulo lubonise ukuba 2 tubercle esisekweni iingcambu zifana amasende zabantu, waza ke wabiza isityalo "orchid" (ngesiGrike lithetha "qanda"). Xa abafundile, igama isasetyenziswa nangoku namhlanje, izityalo ekuthiwa Orchidaceae, okanye Yatryshnikovye.

Isazinzulu Dioskrid eziphila ixesha ubomi kwelo AD ngenkulungwane yokuqala, ukhankanya orchid kwiincwadi zakhe. Ubonisa ukuba isityalo ke wayesazeka Aztec (Mexico), kwaye lasebenzisa enye kuzo, ingakumbi vanilla, ukudala into ephungwayo elimnandi.

Nantsi ke imbali yokuqala ngokulinywa orchid yayibhalwe China kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye. Kwakukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nalapho ukukhula orchid, ugxininiso wayelapha ukuhombisa indlela yakho bloomer indlu ukuze bazikhusele kwimimoya emdaka.

yeqoqo

Ekubeni intsapho kwezityalo kakhulu, oko ngakumbi yahlulwa ngokwamaqela:

• iqela orchid epiphytic, apho bahlala imithi;
• iqela kwezityalo saprophytic ubomi komhlaba;
• iqela orchid ezisentlabathini.

Ke kaloku, esazi ukuba orchid sikhulise kwindalo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha usasazo.

Distribution orchid

izityalo Orchid kuzo zonke amazwekazi. Akukho luck kuphela Antarctica, kodwa kukho jikelele tugovato zizityalo. abameli Uninzi inokufumaneka ezinezinga emvula. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-bume ezithandwa kakhulu ekukhuleni. Kwimimandla efudumeleyo, inani eliphezulu iintlobo iqhume epiphytic.

Xa ezinezinga enemozulu Perennials zixhaphakileyo ezisentlabathini herbaceous. Bangafika rhizomatous kunye ezinabileyo. Kodwa orchid kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kule ndawo. Ukuba sicinga kumntla ikhweyitha, kwisibanzi ziingcathu, apho kukho ezisentlabathini iqela orchid, inokufumaneka ingabi ngaphezu kwama-75 kwisizukulwana. Oku malunga ne-10%. Yaye ezinezinga embindini Southern saseNtla ukuba limelwe abangama ngokokuzalwa 40.

Owayesakuba yiSoviet Union inokufumaneka ukuya orchid kwisizukulwana 49.

Izazinzulu ziqhube ukwahlulwa yoxhomekeko orchid kwi yePhondo lweMozulu:

1. Eyokuqala ibandakanya Central Merika, Umzantsi Melika, eAfrika nakwezinye iindawo zonxweme, ibekwe kwi parallel efanayo. Yinto emnandi kwaye kufumile, kanye yintoni uthando orchid epiphytic. Kwindawo yokuqala kukho abameli bawo onke amaqela.
2. Izowuni yesibini kuquka yasezintabeni, oko kukuthi, i-Andes, iintaba Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. Iqondo lobushushu apha kancinane, kodwa ukufuma iphezulu. Kwindawo yesibini khona ukuze, phantse zonke ngabameli orchid.
3. Ummandla wesithathu iqulathe ihewu kunye emathafeni. Kuba orchid iimeko ezinzima, kodwa zikhona iimeko ezinzima. Kukho inani elincinane kweentlobo epiphytic kunye eziphila.
4. Kuba ndawo lobushushu wesine a kwimozulu epholileyo. Orchid encinane. oluhlala ezweni kuphela.

orchid epiphytic

orchid Epiphytic Akuyomfuneko ukuba akhule kwaye lomhlaba. Imithi namatye, apho ukukhula orchid, abanike inkxaso kuphela. Iingcambu ezi emoyeni, ukusuka apho wafumana nokufuma nesondlo. Kodwa abaninzi babecinga ukuba orchid ezi olwaye lwamfimfitha iyasetyenzelwa. Inkoliso iintlobo epiphytic na ukudumba, ezifana amatswele. Oku iibhalbhu bobuxoki (pseudobulbs), nto leyo baziqwebele izondlo nokufuma.

Zenyathi izityalo orchid epiphytic uyakhula ematyeni, ebizwa lithophytes. Amatye zikholisa ukuphuma eziphilayo ukuba emahlathini elijikelezileyo ukukhanya akwanelanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, litofitnye orchid indalo nazo iingcambu emoyeni.

orchid saprophytic

Kuyinto iqela kunokuba enkulu yezityalo equka yokuphuma elula ngaphandle kwamagqabi, kodwa esikalini. Kuphela njengaphambi umbala brush (e houseplants ngokuqhelekileyo intyatyambo enye).

isityalo Saprophytic komhlaba akukho ngokuba yiklorofili. izinto eziphilayo apho kuwa wamatye zeendawana. kumila Underground ngokuqhelekileyo okulapho izixhobo. osemqoka kwakhe - ekungakwazini ukuvelisa iingcambu ezintsha. Rhizomes ngokubonakalayo ukufunxa amanzi ngapha komhlaba, apho izondlo iyapheliswa. izinto eziphilayo ukuze ukukhula kunye namandla orchid saprophytic kuvelisa ngundo mycotic.

orchid ezweni

Eli qela liye edibene izityalo orchid ezisentlabathini, leyo abe amagqabi aluhlaza eqhelekileyo, iibhalbhu komhlaba okanye iingcambu kunye yayisel ingcambu. Iintlobo ezinjalo ezisasazwa eUnited States naseYurophu. Apha, ukuphakama kwawo malunga nama-50 cm. Kodwa le ndawo, apho kukho orchid zasendle, iintlobo eziphila anokuba phezulu kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi, bafana eqhubela ityholwana onabileyo.

Orchid oluhlala ezweni zinenkqubo iingcambu okanye ingcambu amathupha eziqhelekileyo komhlaba. Emva ubusika of amathupha ekhula amahlumelo amatsha.

Engaqhelekanga aqhelekileyo - phalaenopsis

Ezi zityalo badla kakhulu kuthengiswa ezivenkileni iintyatyambo ehlabathini jikelele. Thina begadi zithandwa kakhulu orchid Phalaenopsis. Apho ukulikhulisa kakhulu eli ntlobo endle, asazi yonke into. Kodwa kukhathalelo home ulwazi beauty endingabaziyo. Makhe uzalise izikhewu ulwazi kunye nokusebenza kunye Phalenopsis zasendle.

Iintlobo isasazwa yi mpuma Asia kunye neTshayina. Uvuthe malayas, Indochina, i-Malay Archipelago, kwiiPhilippines. Iquka ummandla Taiwan, New Guinea ne Australia. ISumatra kunye Andaman Islands wafumana emide phalaenopsis. Iintlobo ithanda amahlathi zemvula, kwakunye entabeni kunye amahlathi. Phalaenopsis na iqela epiphytic.

Dendrobium nobile - orchid Noble

Yintoni orchid amanene Dendrobium Nobile? Apho kukho yobume ezi ntyatyambo? Amaninzi ke ingafunyanwa kwi malayas, emazantsi China, e North India, Vietnam kunye Indonesia. Kule ndawo lonikezelo iquka emazantsi Eurasia. Izityalo ezi epiphytic kunye litofitnoy iqela, kodwa ezinye iintlobo ezi ezisentlabathini. Imbonakalo Dendrobiums nomtsalane kakhulu. Amahlumelo ikhule ukusuka pseudobulbs, yaye wonke ubani enako ukunika 10-20 iintyatyambo. I sityalo incasa amnandi noxhamla ubuncwane.

Cattleya - elimnandi American

Beautiful Cattleya weza eYurophu ngengozi. amagqabi awo ziye zasetyenziswa impahla xa ulele transit emvula. Ipasile kunye nezityalo wathumela uWilliam Cattleya bakhohlwa ukuze ulahle kude "ukuphakheja." Kwaye ngoko ummangaliso Kwathi - on izala lenkunkuma eluhlaza Iintyatyambo ezintle! Ekubeni efundwayo iintlobo exotic orchid. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho sub-iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-60 zibe zeentyatyambo.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Cattleya zifuna iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. KuMbindi naseMzantsi Merika, apho kukho orchid yolu hlobo umntu nendawo ipesenti ezahlukeneyo iimeko ukufuma kunye neqondo lobushushu. Ezinye iintlobo ziphila kule Amazon, apho ukufuma unako ukufikelela ku-100%. Ezinye zifuna iindawo ezininzi owomileyo libalele. A iintlobo ezimbalwa Cattleya kukhula kwiintaba Brazil, apho iqondo lobushushu ubusika 5 ° C. Cattleya uhlobo kwaye ziquka izityalo epiphytic kunye litofitnyh.

Nangona inani elikhulu kweentlobo, izityalo iqhume endle kufuneka bakhuselwe. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa orchid Eurasia. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya, Belarus kunye Ukraine kukho phantse 130 iintlobo orchid ezisentlabathini, ukuba zisemngciphekweni wokuphela.