Qashi Folk abantwana. kuphuphume abantu Russian

Kuba windows 21, kodwa usenako ukuva abantu ukushumayela omnye komnye ngoncedo intsomi ubulumko, nto leyo unembali ende. "Khawulezani yenza inkunkuma '- ngoko ke bathi bustler. "Kwaye umfazi omdala proruha" - abantu Kuyathuthuzela engaphumelelanga.

IMizekeliso, amazwi, qashi - ilifa ethunyelwayo ngomlomo namhlanje xa unxibelelana kunye neencwadi kunye neencwadi zokubhala. Ke ngoko kuya kuba logama nje ulwimi ephila izithethi zayo.

Ubunjalo puzzle

Riddle - uhlobo simanga yokuthetha, ulwalathiso engundoqo iyileyo - ngoncedo izifaniso nezikweko ukwenza ingqondo zabantu ukuba bacinge ze basebenze nangakumbi ngokuyilayo. Yandisa amagunya lokuqaphela, kuyimfuneko xa ufunda kunye nehlabathi abantwana, kwaye igcina indlela ecace ngayo ingqondo abadala.

Akwaziwa ncam xa puzzle wabonakala. Olu uhlobo yesintu isasetyenziswa nangoku uqeqesho kunye nemfundo kwabantwana abancinane eziguqulweyo yaye izifundo iincwadi esikolweni, ngoko ke ifuthe layo iimpawu iingqondo abatsha ziyafana ebudeni bexesha xa umbuzo yayo iqhinga abahambi SPHINX wabuza.

iisayikholojisti Modern bathi isincoko okanye amaqhina sithandabuze iqalisa abantwana isafobe kunye nomfanekiso. Lo mhlaba yale fom intsomi amancinci walatha kuyo nayiphi na into noluhlu lwe umgangatho ezifanayo okanye ukwahluka ezikhethekileyo babo kuye, ukunyanzela abantwana ukuba bacinge malunga unxulumano phakathi ngezenzeko kwihlabathi lokwenene.

Ukufumana impendulo iqhina kuphuhlisa ubuchule:

• ukwenza izigqibo yaye ukuhlalutya;
• ukwandisa ulwazi nyaniso;
• inkumbulo;
• ukuphuhlisa intetho kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni.

qashi Folk sidlulisela abantwana kubunzulu ngokupheleleyo ubulumko wookhokho babo baze bafunde ukuba siyawubulela umsebenzi wabo.

Ibali ukususela kumaxesha amandulo

Kwathi kanti, puzzle kumaxesha amandulo yaba sisixhobo esiphumelelayo ingqondo uvavanyo lokuvuthwa. Zazisetyenziswa ngababingeleli eYiputa yamandulo, ngoncedo lwabo siyayiqonda amaqhawe oyinyaniso e Greece yamandulo, abazange kudlula kunye nezithethe Slavic.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba inqanaba lophuhliso lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu, abantu ababephila ngomhla kumazwekazi ezahlukeneyo kunye kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, iiphazili wadala ziyafana kakhulu nomxholo. Oku kubonisa ukuba abantu ngamaxesha onke bemlalele kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo kwaye kuthelekiswa isenzeko esivulekayo kuyo.

qashi Folk - umaleko lonke kwimbali nenkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zoluntu. Umzekelo, ukuba ngoku ufikelele omnye imibuzo i SPHINX malunga ngubani ehamba ngemilenze emine kusasa, emva kwemini kwi - ezimbini, yaye kwelanga - ezintathu. Ngokutsho legend, wabulala abantu abaninzi bezama ndicinga ngayo.

Ukusetyenziswa iintsonkotha

Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu badla kusetyenziswa ukuchaza ukuze bazikhusele, amakhaya abo kunye nemfuyo evela ngeliso elibi. Abazingeli, ukuya ehlathini ukuze umdlalo, sebenzisa ulwimi ofihlakeleyo qashi ukuba athi "neembasa" kwangaphambili ukuba weva izicwangciso zabo Aninyukanga kwamanye amazwe.

Abarhwebi, ezizihiba kunye buffoons ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa puzzle ukuze bazikhusele kwimimoya emdaka. amaqhina Abantu Russian, umzekelo, baba endulo uvavanyo indlela empini amaqhawe ngexesha noxolo - abakhwenyana kunye namakhwenkwe.

Kwimbali amaJamani amandulo kunye Scandinavians, kukho ubungqina bokuba kukho Yaba lisiko: umhambi akwazi ukufumana ebusuku, kuphela ukuthelekelela iqhina. Le nokuxubana wamandulo ngokuhlwa ekhethekileyo eyayibanjwe ekwindla nasebusika, xa lo msebenzi entsimini. yonke le lali oluqokelelwe indlu enguronta sikhulu, abafazi, basonta uboya kunye oyimfakamfele womluki, amadoda kwakulungiswa izixhobo kunye nabantwana abadala abanamava kunye nabantu abatsha ukuba ukukhalipha.

Xa izifundo babuzwa iiphazili (abantu Russian), kunye neempendulo ukuba nitshintshane. Wayethandwa kakhulu clever and elibukhali. Ngale ndlela, abadala izilumko ukukhuthaza iingqondo abatsha ukuphuhlisa, benelungelo kwaye jonga umhlaba.

Kude kube kwenkulungwane ye-19 kulisiko, xa zabakhaphi akamvumela umyeni wakhe kunye nabalindi bakhe de guess zonke ezithi zenziwe kubo. Kule mihla uhlobo abantu asetyenziswe ngokusebenzayo sokuphuhlisa ngqondweni, inkumbulo kunye amazwi kokuya esikolweni nokuba ubudala ngexesha esikolweni.

imizekeliso

Namhlanje ibali imizekeliso imvelaphi onomdla ngaphandle kokuba kwiilwimi, iingcali zenkcubeko, nangona zisetyenziswa kwintetho yakhe, phantse zonke, nkqu ntoni ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni unobangela inkangeleko yazo. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba isiseko uninzi lwazo izibakala eziphathekayo zembali okanye kuyajongwa ngokunzulu abantu, ngendlela ukuze adlulisele ubulumko yakhe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Mzekeliso - efanayo ifomu emfutshane yimizekeliso zoncwadi puzzle, kodwa intsingiselo ezifundisayo. Amaninzi kufuneka nemvano, kodwa ke ubuninzi umthwalo wayo - isizukulwana oselula uqeqesho kunye nokudluliselwa yokuphila kwakhe. Umzekelo, isitshixo i "iinkuku phambi kokuba amaqanda," watsho omnye umntu eqala naliphi na ishishini, oko ngaphambi ibala ingeniso okanye inzuzo uya kufumana kuyo.

IMizekeliso namaqhina aba izinto zokufunda apho ukukhula nokuphuhlisa izizukulwana ezininzi zabantwana.

amazwi

Oku olunye uhlobo ngeendlela ezincinane zoncwadi, injongo ephambili yazo ukubonakalisa ubomi nayiphi na ingcaciso okanye senzeko. Intetho ethi akukho ngengqiqo epheleleyo, kodwa kuthatha kwalo ezifakwa kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa isivakalisi ibhekisa ukuzaliseka kwezithembiso, kaninzi usebenzisa ibinzana elithi "xa umhlaza eNtabeni svisnet", nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho ukubamba umntu ngelizwi lakhe.

Mzekeliso akazange eshumayela. umsebenzi wayo - zokusiwa intsingiselo kunye ibinzana lwengcingane yaye ngqo. Unakho, umzekelo, ukuba bathi "enxila", kodwa ibinzana lunika ngcono "oko bast ukuhlanganisa" ngomlinganiselo kunxilwe.

Indlela ukuchaza ingqikelelo Imizekeliso V. I. Dal, "libinzana lokomfuziselo, intetho okhohlisayo, ubagwebayo isenzeko okanye into."

Ukuvela izaci nezafobe

Kanye iintsonkotha, izaci nezafobe - isiphumo eminyaka ngamava abantu abaninzi. nokudaleka yaqala ukuvela ulwimi. Ngokomzekelo, malunga Imizekeliso yokuqala Russian okhankanywe "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" Nestor umkhumbuzi. Ukwachaphazela lokusekwa Kievan Rus ukususela kwixesha kokusekwa kwehlabathi ukuya ku 1117 BC. e.

Umzekelo, kukho imigca zilandelayo: "Kwaye kukho intetho ethi eRashiya namhlanje - wafa obry". Oku ngendlela isizwe Dulebs kutshabalalisa abacinezeli zabo obrov: "Akukho ke akukho sesizwe nenzalo." Lo mzekeliso iyasetyenziswa xa kwafika ukufa intsapho iphela.

Nkqu ngenkulungwane 9 kwi Kievan Rus wasebenzisa ibinzana, isukela kwisithuba Slavic yobuhedeni okanye udlulise ulwazi malunga iziganeko zembali kunye namalungu zabo ngabanye, ezaziwa kakuhle namhlanje. Umzekelo, esithi "unina umhlaba ufumile" (beeNtlanga waphefumlela uhlobo), esithi "ingcuka wangena mkhwa uye emhlambini wezimvu, uya kwenza zonke izimvu '(ngoko ukuba ukuthetha drevlyans ka Prince Igor, hodivshem kuye izihlandlo ezimbalwa emfazwe).

imizekeliso emininzi ziyimfumba eye ngemihla serfdom, ngoku ilahlekile intsingiselo yalo yokuqala, kodwa wafumana intsingiselo entsha. Umzekelo, "Nantsi kuwe, ugogo, noSuku eSt George kaThixo!" Bathi, xa nolindelo azenzeki. Ixabiso lokuqala kubangelwe kukuba ngenye imini wonyaka (St. George), kukho serf wavunyelwa ukuya kwenye inkosi. Ngomthetho Borisa Godunova eli ilungelo iyavalwa kwaye zonke ezinqatyisiweyo akhuselweyo emva ngokwemikhosi yabo.

Lolu hlobo lwetekisi, ngathi iiphazili, kukho ezininzi kwizihloko ezinxulumene phantse zonke ngezimanga zendalo kunye neendawo ubomi babantu.

Imixholo kunye neendidi iintsonkotha intsomi

qashi abantu Russian namhlanje zihlelwe ngeentlobo eziliqela. Ezi ziquka:

• ukuchaza - "Kuba woods ezimnyama weentaka ezimbini yangqungqa" (amacici).
• Inkcazelo - "ukuba i-intshi, kunye nentloko kunye embizeni" (samovar).
• umbuzo - "Yintoni ehlabathini lonke enencasa?" (iphupha).
• neziqhulo - "Yintoni na le siqithi uthetha malunga ubukhulu bakhe" (Yamal).
• ngamanani - "6 iinyawo, iintloko-2 no-1 ngomsila" (owaya).

Kuphuphume abantu lungohlulwa lube zezi zihloko zilandelayo:

• "Umntu";
• "Ngumkhuba Natural";
• "Indlu, cottage";
• "Wild nezilwanyana zasekhaya";
• "Yard";
• "Izinambuzane";
• "Garden, lwegadi nekhitshi";
• "Amanzi River";
• "Forest";
• "Field, engcotyeni";
• "Profession, ukusebenza";
• "Bird";
• "Abalinganiswa intsomi";
• "Sky".

Enyanisweni, abo basenokuba kuba nkulu kakhulu. Kuzo zonke amazwe ehlabathini iiphazili zabo, umzekelo, ngokuqokelela-ngqangi eYurophu eyaziwa, uniko manani, iminyaka 1,000. Le yenye lweendidi zindala zoncwadi.

Puzzle abantwana ngendalo

Kumaqhina abahlala Russian athandwa kakhulu ukuba abantwana abekelwe nemvelo nendoda. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba abantu kudala wabukela njengoko nabo bamjikelezileyo, kwaye bazi ukuhlalutya indlela zombini nesenzeko ezenzeka emhlabeni nokuziphatha abanye.

ULote abantu eyalupheleyo ngemihla ubudala ukufundisa isizukulwana esitsha ubulumko behlabathi kwaye ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe. Isixhobo kakhulu oku kunokuba iiphazili abantu for kids, akubanga ngelo xesha. Ungaziva, abantu baqaphela: ukunika abantwana ingqondo imisebenzi enzima, ngaloo ndlela zenza ukuba ube neliso elibukhali kwaye unekhono. Kwathi ubuchule bokucinga, nabantwana ukungena ngcono waya i_i_isiseko ngezenzeko zendalo. Umzekelo:

• "Utatomkhulu zizimvi-iinwele emasangweni amehlo onke Zavoloka" - sibonisa umbala we enkungwini.
• "Kang Multi-obugolide hung phezu komlambo" - utsalela ingqalelo imilo nomnyama.

• "Nangona qhwa, yaye xa uhamba kude, iinyembezi zifakwa" (winter) - ikhephu zinyibilika ice kunye nempahla.

Ngale ndlela, abadala bafundisa abantwana ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu nesenzeko ngamnye kwaye abonakalisa ngayo.

Puzzle abantwana babantu

Uqwalaselo kwakhona uphawu yommandla abantu Russian abaqhelekileyo. Ukuzoba nokuthelekelela evela iimeko ababanazo imihla ngemihla, ookhokho bethu wadala othandwayo iphazili. Ngeempendulo kamva zapapashwa ngokuqokelela labantwana ngokusasaza ubulumko izizukulwana, ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe aphesheya.

Puzzle ezinikelwe abantu abachaphazelekayo inkangeleko zazo kwaye imeko, kunye nendlela yokuphila. Umzekelo:

• "Ndiwuphakamisela kuwe, yaye abantu bazonwabele" (Igama lomntu).
• "Luhlobo luni lokutya kakhulu efunekayo?" (Umlomo).

• "Ufuna ntoni - awukwazi ukuthenga oko kuyimfuneko, ukuze ukuba ukuthengisa" (lukhulu, kodwa akukho mali ngeenkanuko kwasebutsheni bakhe, yaye akukho umnqweno ebudaleni).

Ngoko isizukulwana omdala labantwana ababhalisele kwimihla yakudala ukwazi bona kunye nesazisi zabo. Namhlanje, ethi "Mysteries abantu Russian» (kunye neempendulo) Akukho ngaphantsi ezithandwayo kunye nabantwana ngaphezu isithethe ngomlomo noontanga babo ngemihla yamandulo.

Amaqhina iintsomi

Nentsomi - enye iintlobo ndiyithandayo intsomi ingqondo yemveli ebantwaneni. ngokumthanda kwabo kuba ngabalinganiswa etsomo wamnika ukunyuka ukuya kwenye isihloko - iqhina malunga iintsomi. Namhlanje, unako ukufumana iinketho, elingcwele zombini namaqhawe Russian angaphandle apho.

ngokuqhelekileyo Bona singahlukaniswa ubudala:

• Kuba abantwana - amaqhawe iintsomi ezifana "I sendawo", "Gingerbread Man" kunye nabanye. Umzekelo: "Xa intsimi encinane indlu, bafumana kuso indawo abahlala ehlathini kwaye bahlale ndawonye; nomvundla, impungutye, ingcuka norushka kuphela nebhere bamoya ..." ( "Tower").
• Ngokuba oonyana ezindala kokuya esikolweni kunye nesikolo ubudala - amaqhawe iintsomi "Irhanisi-weentaka", "I Snow Ntombazana", "Frog Nkosazana" kunye nabanye. Umzekelo: "Le ntombazana kuba esoyika ilanga nobushushu, ngenxa ikhephu uyenze" (Snow Ntombazana).

Namhlanje ngo day care kumaziko eninzi ingqwalaselo ihlawulwe ekuphuhliseni ubuchule bokucinga abantwana, nesetyenziswa qashi abanam ngeempendulo (kuba kids).

Folk magic kutshanje

Xa yinto yokuba iisayikholojisti umntwana athi ukuba nefuthe elihle kuphuhliso iintsonkotha zokucinga kunye nomfanekiso, olu hlobo lobuciko usoloko kwemfuneko. Namhlanje, uyakwazi ukufumana abantu nje kuphela, kodwa iiphazili yombhali ezifaneleke ngakumbi abantwana mihla ekumitheni kWabo ilizWe kunye nencwadi namaqhawe. Umzekelo, "Indoda ngamanqatha uhlala phezu kwendlu, ephaphazela ngaphezu kwayo konke" (Carlson).