Riga - ikomkhulu kweliphi ilizwe? kumazwe eBaltic emephini yehlabathi

Ukuba awuyazi apho aseBalti, ikhadi yaseYurophu uya kukuxelela indawo yayo. Lo mmandla anokufunyanwa ngasempuma lizwekazi, emzantsi we-Gulf of Finland kuLwandle lweBaltic ebandayo kunxweme.

amazwe amathathu kuquka aseBalti. Imephu kwaye esazisa ngayo abamelwane zayo ezinkulu kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi. Kuyinto Russia kunye iJamani, Sweden kunye Poland. Ngakwimida kunye States balo yenza igalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu ephikisayo yokusekwa nophuhliso kummandla.

Ithi lweBaltic izol ngakumbi. Kwathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kwimbali yawo emfutshane, baye batyelela i-USSR. Noko ke, xa kuvela ithuba lokuba bajoyine i-European Union.

Baltic itsala abahambi kunye izinto zayo zembali nezendalo. Ungandwendwela i iinqaba umdla kakuhle liyalondolozwa okanye ebuyiselweyo amabandla kunye amabhotwe. Kutsala umdla wabakhenkethi iziko kumaxesha, nto leyo uyazingca kwekomkhulu amazwe aseYurophu - Riga, Vilnius kunye Tallinn.

Baltic States ukuba abahlali karhulumente wethu ikufuphi amazwe. Xa ilizwe lakhe, ukuqonda Russian, kodwa zonke kungcatsha impembelelo Europe. Lwendalo kummandla aseBalti kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. A iilwandle coast - indawo oluthandayo zivaliwe. In emazantsi kwiBaltic States of imida yayo eKaliningrad - polueksklavom Russian.

iimpawu ezifana ngazo aseBalti

Abantu abaninzi baba bacinge ukuba lo mmandla ziquka amazwe aseYurophu ezintathu ezifana omnye komnye. Ewe, la mazwe ixesha elide phantsi kwempembelelo Russia. Emva kokuba revolution, babika ukuzimela kwabo. Phambi kokuba imfazwe ngamaNazi (ngo-1940), amazwe lweBaltic yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR. Ngoku ke babiza esi siganeko i "umsebenzi eSoviet Union."

Emva kokuba ngokuwa Union zamazwe ophantsi kohlolo siye sagqiba ukuba izifundo kumanyaniso yaseYurophu nokuzimela ebhengeziweyo. Ngoku bobathathu aseBalti ngaphandle EU, zikwindawo Schengen kwaye zibandakanyiwe NATO. La mazwe wabubhangisa imida phakathi ngokwabo kwaye zamkelwa yi-euro endaweni lwemali kazwelonke (e Lithuania kuya kwenzeka ngo-2015). Amaxesha moya (ngaphandle indawo ngokwezelizwe) - ukufana phakathi data ithi.

Umahluko phakathi kwamazwe lweBaltic

Xa uhlolisisa imbali kunye nenkcubeko yamazwe amathathu, kuye kucace ukuba akukho efanayo omnye komnye. NoFaro kwabonwa kuphela phakathi kweelwimi Lithuanian kunye Latvian. Estonia iyafana Finnish.

Le ukungangqinelani iqatshelwe elukholweni. Ngenxa yoko, Estonia becala ibambelela nawo. Ukuze isiXhosa kukho Orthodox eqhelekileyo. Lithuania lilizwe nje Katolika, kodwa Latvia kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke zontathu ezi cawa.

kumazwe eBaltic emephini yehlabathi, equka amazwe amathathu, wabonakala kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. KumaXesha Aphakathi kule ngingqi enye kuphela lizwe - Lithuania. Yaba amandla lizimele kwaye ushiye uphawu ebalulekileyo kummandla hayi elingummelwane Belarus kuphela, kodwa eUkraine. Kusekho iitempile ezigcinwe lwakhiwe ngendlela Vilnius ezimbejembeje. I yangoku ikomkhulu yaseYurophu mazwe - Riga kunye Tallinn - baba amaziko ithi kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

uhlobo

Abantu abani- kukho zithetha njani ukuba aseBalti - umthi wepayina ikhula lolwandle. Eneneni, iilwandle anesanti ndasolula apha akukho ikhulu khilomitha, ngoko kukho ngokwaneleyo ukuba wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, e-Estonia kukwakho zonxweme lwamawa, kwakunye emaweni eziphakamileyo wayifulela roses zasendle kunye konwele. Kwezinye iindawo kuyinto phantse Tundra.

Mpumalanga landscape kakhulu ezahlukeneyo iBaltic. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo Estonia ukhumbuza kumantla eRashiya. Eastern Latvia emehlweni neentlambo zayo ezintle umlambo namawa yelitye. Ngokumalunga kummandla Lithuania, uhlobo apha iyafana naleyo Central.

indlela yokuphila

Onke amazwe lweBaltic unayo enye into efanayo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kumazwe onke amathathu, indlela yobomi. Wabumba emva kokuba ndizuze ukuzimela kwabo. Yintoni kubonakaliswa iimpawu zayo? Okokuqala, umsebenzi eliphezulu kubathengi. In kumazwe eBaltic, phezu kwazo zonke ezo ndawo uyakwazi ukufumana amaziko zokuthenga ezinkulu iivenkile, asebenza kude kube sebusuku. Ngelo xesha kuhlala apho, kunye namafama 'iimarike, iimarike intakumba kunye kwakudala. Kumazwe onke amathathu yonke indawo ukuhlawula nge-credit card yaye akazange ukutya hamburger, kunye isidlo esizeleyo ashushu. Apha ukwenziwa coffee e-ofisini yaye kunika ezamahala Wi-Fi. Kungenxa yoko le nto umntu lowo ubuchule kwelinye ilizwe kube lula aseMpumalanga kwezinye ezimbini.

Lokuya e Latvia

Masithi isigqibo baqhelane aseBalti, kwaye isiphelo kuyo indlela yakho Riga. Ikomkhulu kweliphi ilizwe lo mzi emangalisayo? Riga - iziko lolawulo Latvia. Esi sixeko naa kuwo omabini lomlanjana iDaugava (Western Dvina), apho ungena kwiNyoba yeRiga. Ukuba ufuna ukujonga apho Riga kwimephu yehlabathi, khangela kuba kwiMpuma Yurophu kummandla ithi lweBaltic.

imbonakalo-mhlaba

Riga - likomkhulu Latvia kunye sixeko sikhulu kwi aseBalti. Igama le lali kwi inguqulelo ukusuka iziyelelane yendawo yamandulo kuvakala ngathi "chweba, chweba, goba." Ngamanye amazwi - indawo ekufuphi ethekwini.

landscape yesixeko features inani elikhulu amachibi ezincinane kunye nemisinga. Ezi amadama phantse-yesihlanu enye indawo yonke ahlala kuyo Riga. Ikomkhulu kweliphi ilizwe eYurophu liyi indawo enhle enjalo yemvelo? Yintoni ekulindeleke ukuba kukho inani elikhulu enjalo amachibi kunye nemisinga? kokuvela kule ndawo ayikho ngengozi. ukunyuka wabo wanceda umkhenkce yobudala lokugqibela.

Imimandla esembindini kwekomkhulu Latvia wakha kwindawo esezantsi komlambo iDaugava. Inxalenye esemantla dolophu kunxweme kwiNyoba yeRiga. Kwingingqi osemazantsi kunye nempuma phantse akukho Izakhiwo zokuhlala, njengoko kukho imigxobhozo ezininzi imigxobhozo. Kumaxesha angaphambili, zaba umqobo yendalo ekhusela isixeko ngenxa yotshaba.

Emantla nasempuma kwe Riga singqongwe iindunduma zentlabathi entle heathlands. Emantla-ntshona kwekomkhulu ILatvia akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi oLwandle iBaltic. Namadlelo yasentshona Riga, Jurmala elidumile.

Le ndawo yokuphumla, nto leyo ukwakweli ummandla inani elikhulu iiholide. Kwakhona zinginginya iintlobo wemithendeleko.

sezulu

Isixeko Riga (Latvia) liya kuhlangana nawe kunye nehlobo elishushu nokufuma ebusika nekhephu kunye nomkhe- ezininzi. Oku kubangelwa sezulu lwezwekazi kwintsimi apho ibekwe ingqukuva. Ehlotyeni, umlinganiselo wobushushu degrees amabini ngentla zero, ngoxa ebusika ubushushu azifane sisehla sibengaphantsi thabatha ezintathu.

Ngeminyaka yoo-Disemba Riga sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ikhephu, edulusele esixekweni de ekuqaleni kuka March kunye. Ikomkhulu akakwazi ndoqhayisa Isibhakabhaka kuyatshisa. iintsuku ezinamafu apha phantse isiqingatha kulo nyaka. Ngaphandle koku, imvula phakathi komzi, bawe kancinci.

abasebenzi bezolawulo

indawo Riga wahlulwe ezintathu. Phakathi kwabo Ziemelu, iKurzeme and Central. kunye namadlelo ezintathu yinxalenye yesixeko. It iVidzeme, eyaziwa kunye aseLatgale. Zahlula-hlulwe kwizithili ezincinci eziliqela.

indaba

Malunga idolophu Riga orekhodiweyo yokuqala zenziwa yemihla 1198 Ukususela 1201 le dolophu yaba isixeko okhethwe ngubhishophu Livonia wahlala kulo. I balwa iphumelele Riga ngo 1621. Ukususela 1710, lo mzi waba yingxenye Russia. Ngowe-1919 Riga saba likomkhulu the Republic of Latvia, ukususela 1940 - iziko yolawulo imthetho Latvian. Ke kaloku Riga ikomkhulu kweliphi ilizwe? Ukususela ngo-1991, lo mzi intliziyo Latvia. Riga City - isihlalo nomongameli, urhulumente kunye ipalamente kweli lizwe.

izinto

Ukuqala iyazazi elikomkhulu Latvia kufuneka ukuya kwindawo apho nje owabeka ilitye lalo lokuqala yaveliswa. Oku njalo-ebizwa Old Riga. Eli candelo ledolophu yinto zokwakha kunye nembali lomculo emangalisayo, ummandla apho umyalelo ikhulu elinamanci amathandathu amangcwaba izakhiwo yamandulo.

Izakhiwo edume Old Riga nguye Dome Cathedral. Wonke abakhenkethi abatyelela ikomkhulu Latvia, kufuneka ukuba uye khona kwaye umamele ilungu elidumileyo. Cathedral sabekwa emva ngo-1211 Ixesha Ugqibo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane weshumi elinesithathu. Phezu imbali yayo, esi sakhiwo ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngoko ke, yayakhiwe Izindlwana ecaleni yaye kwabonakala iimpawu Romanesque-zwe. Kuvuthondaba yecawa waba inqaba yobuciko, kunye ukuphakama kuyimitha asithoba, nto leyo ukwakweli spire kwe yalila segolide. Ngoku esi sakhiwo liye laba uphawu yesixeko.

Ngowe-1601, i-organ iye yafakwa kwi-Dome Cathedral. Bona uyazingca Riga. Ikomkhulu apho welizwe ndoqhayisa isixhobo onjalo? Dome amalungu ekhethekileyo ebuhleni isandi sawo. Namhlanje yenye nje enkulu ehlabathini.

lesikhumbuzo Zobungangamela zakhiwo aphakathi liBandla of St Peter kubekwe esitratweni Skārņu. Ukwakhiwa kwale sakhiwo kwaqala ngo 1209. Ngo-1941 esi sakhiwo icawa yatshatyalaliswa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le lesikhumbuzo zalungiswa. Ekubeni sinendawo yaso mkhanya inikeza umbono omangalisayo kwikomkhulu lweBaltic.

Ukuba indawo yakho ekhethiweyo Latvia (Riga), imephu isixeko ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka. ngokukhawuleza iza kufumana indlela yabo ezitratweni zeengqukuva iBaltic. na kude Square eSt Peter baya kufumana i-Castle. Yena kwakhona nal ezaziwayo-kakuhle Old Town. ungabona enqabeni Order of the Crusaders kule ndawo, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIV. Ibizwa ngokuba Riga Castle. Kumaxesha angaphambili, esi sakhiwo yaba yokuhlala umantyi noMyalelo Livonian. Emva kokuba abalawuli Riga Castle of Poland kunye Sweden waphila. Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, esi sakhiwo yaba yokuhlala iRhuluneli-General of Russia. Namhlanje, iimyuziyam eliqela elime kule nqaba. yomboniso wabo wazisa iindwendwe imbali Latvia, zobugcisa amazwe, kwakunye imbali uncwadi nobugcisa eli lizwe. Enqabeni kukho okulala encinane. It zindlu umboniso osisigxina eqingqiweyo egadini.

Ukuqhubeka utyelelo i-Old Town, ungabona omnye lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo ephakathi. Bona i Powder okanye Sand Tower. Kuyinto isakhiwo lokusinda kuphela, nto leyo yinxalenye inqaba ngoyaba ka Riga iinqaba. Inqaba, yakhiwa ngo-1650, kukho ukuphakama 25,5 m, yaye ububanzi bayo -. 14.5 m Esi sakhiwo a blind iindonga imitha ezintathu-, wabeka kunye lwezitena ezibomvu. Kwaye kuphela kwezinye iindawo kwenqaba, kukho neefestile ezo zivaliweyo, nongqameko. Ulwakhiwo magingxigingxi yaye enamandla yenza yahlala ezingqondweni.

Kwimephu kubalulekile ukufumana phandle ekujikeni. Ithi apha wabeka Gate Swedish. Baye aqhiwuke 1698 kwi eludongeni inqaba. Emva kokuphumelela phantsi arch kwesango, uyakwazi ukubona ibandla St James. Ngaphezu kwesi sakhiwo, yakhiwa ngo-1225, lo spire Gothic phezu yona cockerel wegolide.

Riga - Europe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwikomkhulu Latvian, ingafunyanwa isakhiwo, leyo likwaneklinkhi i ezinkulu Small Guild. Olu luphawu zonke izixeko ephakathi yaseYurophu. Guild yeyona manyano abemi nelungelo. Mna ke kungekho ngaphandle, kunye Riga. Ngoko, kwi Guild Great kweso sixeko abarhwebi imvelaphi German, kwaye Minor - neengcibi.

Old Town imema ukuba atyelele lomculo yokwakha zenkulungwane XV., Yiyiphi kuthiwa "Abazalwana abathathu". Yena uya kunika ufifi yalungiswa ngayo yokuhlala ephakathi.

Ngomhla kwintsimi inxalenye yamandulo dolophu cafe idumileyo lwenqila. Phakathi kwabo - iziko "Old Town" yaye "Nezitulo ezilishumi elinesithathu". Bangakwazi odolwa Black yebhalsam kwenziwa ngokungqinelana iiresiphi awawanikela kuthi evela bamaXesha Aphakathi.

Inxalenye yawo kumbindi wesixeko Riga (bona ngezantsi ifoto) encane kakhulu. Le ndawo luphawulwa ubukho izimbo ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo. Buildings kwindawo edolophu Umhle ubukeka.

Umda Old Town nguye eBastion Hill. Esi lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo, leyo embhoxo ngokutsha, phakathi komzi, phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX. Kwathiwa ke idilizwe izisele kwenqaba inxalenye Endala komzi. Ngapha koko, baye baphelelwa injongo yayo nezakhiwo ukuzithethelela. Kuloo ndawo apho isanti yabekwa ngaphezu yindawo yayakhiwe eBastion Hill. Nomsele lwaba channel Urban.

iziko elitsha isixeko ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Kwisayithi ye izakhiwo yadilika kwavula elungisiwe ububanzi kunye nezitalato, awayakhayo izakhiwo zoluntu, zolawulo kunye nendawo zokuhlala. Umhombiso iziko elitsha isixeko baye baba iipaki, sidalwe XIX ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX.

Ingqalelo zabakhenkethi umdla yi-Latvian Academic Opera kunye Ballet Theatre, nto leyo ifumaneka kufuphi eBastion Hill. Ku yakhiwa emva ngo 1863. Isakhiwo lokuqala kwakhelwa German Theatre yeRiga. Esebenza ngayo ukuba umqambi Richard Wagner, kwakukho imidlalo yi Schumann kunye Liszt, kwakunye nezinye abadumileyo abaninzi.

Ukuba uhamba kwi Boulevard Yana Raynisa, ungabona iziko inkulu lemfundo e Latvia - University State. Isakhiwo yakhiwa ngo-1866-1869 gg. Ekuqaleni ke emi kuyo Polytechnic School, kamva similise okwaloo Institute, uze emva koko kwi-University. Boulevard Yana Raynisa kufuneka wenze ukubethwa ngumoya ukuphumla, kuba yenye yezona zintle e Riga. Nazi izikwere, lowo bamisa indlela i igadi IsiNgesi, nto leyo linesicwangciso free. Njengoko zokuhombisa ndawo eziluhlaza kusetyenziswa imifanekiso zokuhombisa. Ikomkhulu Latvia isoloko uyazingca elungisiwe zayo, izikwere, iipaki kunye nezitiya. iindawo Green kwiindawo ezininzi ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo.

Iyamangalisa Riga Central Park - Ihlathi. ummandla wayo Stage Grand ngokucula amaqela. Hayi kude zehlathi yaphukile Zoological Garden. Kukho e Riga Iingoma Festival Park, esilawula baseLatvia ozithandayo umthendeleko abanam.

Riga i elilwela yakhiwa ngo-1935, iFreedom Monument. It is a sculpture yomfazi ephethe phezu kwentloko yakhe iinkwenkwezi ezintathu. Olu luphawu yesixeko inkululeko. Star umqhele lesikhumbuzo iyabonakala iipaki ezininzi kwikomkhulu Latvia.

To Riga ezinika ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo kubangelwa kwaye kwimarike central, leyo yenye izakhiwo ezinkulu endlwini elolu hlobo eYurophu.