Iileta: Bangaphi iileta kunye izandi? Izandi nonobumba - Grade 1

wabonakala Ukubhala kumaxesha amandulo. Oonobumba okuqala bamaSumeri, zabhalelwa kumacwecwe odongwe okhethekileyo ngoncedo yeentsasa encinane ezibukhali, leyo zazenziwe yeziqholo okanye ingcongolo. Phambi ngokubhala, iiBhodi ngodongwe elungiswe ukubhaka kwi-oveni futhi omisa. IMVELAPHI ukubhala uphuhliso kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yehlabathi ngokufanayo: okokuqala, abantu bazama ukuba baveze into ebalulekileyo esebenzisa imizobo, uze ukuza kunye neesimboli ebhaliweyo, pictograms. Ezi mpawu ezo eziziimpawu kulwimi ngalunye. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwabakho inguqu esukela kwenye umfanekiso igama elinye indlela umfanekiso ukupela ilizwi. Kwafa kwinkulungwane XV BC waqalisa ukuba kuqulunqwa oonobumba bokuqala, kwathi ukusuka ngawo. Slavonic alphabet wayalelwa uCyril Methodius ngo-863. Lakhutshwa ukuze benze wokuguqulela iincwadi zonqulo zamaGrike Slavic. Ngoko kwakukho Cyrillic, unina ka-Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, kunye nezinye iilwimi Slavic.

zamagama

Oonobumba Russian mihla - it yaphando ixesha nengcamango iqula uguqulelo lwe Old Slavonic. Bonke oonobumba kwe kwi alphabet zilungiswe ngendlela echazwe ngokucacileyo. Xa iyonke kukho iileta 33. alfabhethi kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ulwazi, umzekelo, ukuba iqulunqe izichazi, uluhlu encyclopedia. Ukusuka ukufunda oonobumba luqala ukufunda, ngokuba isifundo, kufuneka ube uyakwazi ukufunda, kwaye ukufunda kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokwazi oonobumba. Kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi ndifunda zonke iziseko: iileta, iileta ezininzi nemisindo amagama ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ndivakala ngathi echongiweyo.

Zoonobumba kunye izandi

Wabiza abalinganiswa imizobo, apho isandi echongiweyo xa ubhala. Inani labo ichazwe ngokucacileyo zamagama, kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunoko izandi. Ukubhala amagama esebenzisa abizwa ncwadi. Ngomhla umbuzo zingaphi iileta kwaye izandi ngolwimi Russian, unako ukuphendula, ukuba baqonde izisekelo nefonetiki.

Iyunithi zincinane ulwimi isandi, nto leyo akubonakalisi intsingiselo kwisemantiki, wathi ngexesha (ngaphandle - igama equlathe enye yesandi). Izandi ukudlala indima ibalulekileyo ukusekwa nopelo. Ngoncedo lwabo, kunye namazwi ezahlukeneyo, baqamba iqokobhe isandi waza kubo isici esasenza. Amagama kunokwahluka isixa isandi apho zenziwe, umzekelo: ihlungulu-hopper, kwakunye iseti izandi: Cake - izibuko, rum - catfish, iimbotyi - password. amagama ezahlukeneyo wakhiwe ezifanayo izandi ezikhoyo ngendlela ezahlukeneyo: ityholo - hammering, ulale - empumlo. Kwezinye amagama zomlomo wakhe ngesandi esinye, kodwa oonobumba ezimbini kwathiwa: lokuqubha, wesigrike. Kule meko, oonobumba kugqame kancinane "evuthelweyo".

Izandi ziveliswa ngexesha xa umntu exhales, kwaye akhiwa ngenxa ukuhla emoyeni kwaye basebenze kunye nemisipha ze kwingqula, ulwimi, imilebe namazinyo.

nemithetho yopelo

Phakathi oonobumba be-alfabhethi Russian ezikhoyo izandi ngazo kugqame, kukho unxulumano ethile. Developed imithetho eyahlukileyo ukusetyenziswa ileta ethile. Indlela iincwadi kunye izandi ukupela amagama umntu, kuyimfuneko ukuba siyiqonde kwimeko nganye nganye. Kukho imithetho edidekile nopelo ezahlukeneyo, sebenzisa ikhonco, ukubhala elinye okanye amabini "n", upelo oluchanekileyo lwe izikhamiso kwi ingcambu yegama kunye neminye imithetho ebalulekileyo yegrama. Yonke imithetho kubalulekile ke ngoko, kufuneka ukufunda ngenyameko.

Umlinganiselo oonobumba nezandi

Yintoni ulungelelwano phakathi "izandi - oonobumba" njani iileta ezininzi kunye nezandi, kunoko, lingana ukuba inani labo ngolwimi Russian, kucacile ekufundeni-alfabhethi. ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo uyabonakala. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ngolwimi Russian, iileta-33, kwaye inani izandi ngokuqinisekileyo ngakumbi. Amacandelo alfabhethi kugqame ne-43 izandi: 37 consonants kunye izikhamiso-6. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amaqabane ngaphezu letters: 21 ukuya 37, kodwa isikhamiso - oonobumba ngaphantsi kwe-6 ukuya kwi-10 izandi. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye zikhamiso ukuze ubonise izandi ezibini ileta.

Ileta kakhulu kumazwi abhalwa iileta ezininzi, izandi ezininzi, oko kukuthi, unobumba omnye imele isandi nye. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "inamathele" 5 5 oonobumba nezandi, unobumba ngamnye gama isandi nye.

oonobumba ababini ngolwimi Russian yi akathethanga ngokubanzi. Ezi ncwadi uphawu ithambile yamanqaku b b aqinileyo iileta sisimumu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-. Badlala indima wokwahlula umlinganiswa ngamagama, uphawu athambileyo sele inikezelwe ukuchaza isandi ukuthamba, nto ibekwe phambi kwakhe. Amanye amagama imithetho oonobumba zibhalwa kodwa uthethe; Intliziyo (intliziyo zomlomo kakhulu), ilanga (njengoko sontse).

Iileta bamele izandi ezininzi

Zingaphi zezikhamiso izandi nonobumba kulwimi ezifundiswa kwibanga lokuqala. basebaninzi khumbula kwada abantwana ngoku nje encinane ngelizwi singsong ivakalisa izikhamiso isixa izandi ngazo wavakalisa. In Russian, a izandi ezimbalwa zibonisa izikhamiso ezithile yokubiza eli sithetha ayikho eyodwa ephilile. Hi xikombiso, le leta "Mna" kwiimeko ezithile abuthethileyo esebenzisa izandi, "d 'yaye' a ', incwadi" th "-" th "yaye" y ", incwadi" e "-" d' yaye "a", "e" - "d 'yaye" e ". Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba data ezimbini eziphilileyo abonisa izikhamiso njalo. Ukwenza uhlalutyo isandi-ncwadi, siye ucacise isandi kabini oonobumba kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. iileta Zingaphi ebonisa izikhamiso zimiselwa yimithetho negrama yolwimi Russian. Umzekelo, izandi ezibini izikhamiso zibonisa:

• kwiimeko apho ixabiso ekuqaleni kwamagama: ulwimi, lokhwalimanzi, whirligig;
• kwiimeko apho kukho thixo izikhamiso: Baiyun, cabin, wadla;
• ngaloo mazwi apho izikhamiso zidweliswe emva ethambileyo okanye nzima uphawu b b: Monkey, Blizzard, isinxibelelanisi.

Zingaphi izandi zibonakaliswe yileta "I '? Le leta "J"?

iwonga le leta "d" - nenkululeko. Ingasetyenziswa njenge unobumba owodwa kwaye njengoko isimamva kuhlalutyo isandi-unobumba. Xa usebenzisa njengento umncedisi ukuze achaze isandi noonone kabini akubonakala iwonga le leta. Indlela izandi ezininzi kunye nonobumba ezisetyenziswa kule meko ibhalwe uhlalutyo zvukobukvennom. Asimele silibale ukuba igama elithi "lokuqala" incwadi zingasetyenziswa ukudluliselwa isandi, "nenkululeko". Le leta angabhalwa phambi nasemva kokuba izikhamiso ukuchaza ukuba isandi esinye. Emva consonants "nd" alisetyenziswa, naphambi consonants zidla: ijezi, nengabangaba, jay. Le leta " 'njalo kwi incwadi imele isandi nye. Akukho imithetho abakhethekileyo igrama ayikho ukubhala le ncwadi.

Indlela iincwadi kunye izandi ukupela amagama nomntu kumiselwe yimithetho yegrama ngolwimi Russian.