River Pinega: ifoto, ngabafakwa uviko, ubude

Nasemifuleni zisoloko indawo lwee- ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, njengoko umthombo kunye namanzi, neentlanzi, kunye zasemanzini. Pinega umlambo - akukho Ngaphandle kule nkalo, njengoko iingxelo badala abaziwayo ukuba elunxwemeni igama elifanayo wenzela yokuhlala, jonga kwinkulungwane XII.

Iimbambano malunga igama

Ngu abavumelana ngayo izazinzulu baguqulela igama lomlambo Abazange beze. Ezinye zazo oyikholelwayo ukuba ngaba kunxulumene ulwimi Finnish, yaye iquka lamagama amabini - "peni", gama elo elithetha "inja" yaye "joki" - umlambo. Zinto zifuneka kuqala, kutheni abantu bokuqala Pinega ogama kunjalo, kungengenxa yokuba akukho ukumila kwayo okanye iibhanki does it izilwanyana ezifana.

Enye imbono ukuba igama isekelwe ingcambu enye, kodwa iziyelelane yamandulo iBaltic-Finnish, elithetha "ezincinane", ezenza kwakhona akunjalo, unikwe ukuba ubude Pinega River yi km 779.

Nakweyiphi lwesigodi akurhawukanga igama, oko wanamathela kwaye iqhubeka ukuthatha umlambo ezintle kummandla Arkhangelsk.

Indawo esikuyo lomlambo

Nokuhlanganiswa emilambo ezimbini - White and Black - elunxwemeni ngasekunene ephakamileyo Northern Dvina banikwa "ebomini" Pinega. Uninzi lwezifundo yayo ise entilini lwemihlaba apho kuyo kancinane ethwala amanzi alo, iphalale ekukhukuleni zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni lube nzulu.

Xa kufikelela yayo esezantsi Pinega close kakhulu "ekhethiweyo" emlanjaneni Kula, esondezwe kwaba kanye, basuswe phakathi kwabo, kwaye ngexesha lethu, bakhonkxwe njengejelo, awayakhayo imi- 20-lwekhulu XX. Ukusuka kudaladala, abarhwebi basebenzisa nanini ukuba uwarhuqe na isikhephe kwithuba elifutshane ilizwe phakathi imilambo, nto leyo evumela ukuba bafumane Kula e Mezen Bay, ophuma kuLwandle White.

Emva "intlanganiso" kunye Kuloem Pinega umlambo Lisuka nje ukuya ngasemazantsi-ntshona ukuya emlonyeni Palengi. Razminuvshis kunye nayo, oko kuthatha ngendlela yasentshona.

Kuba ngaphezu kwe-600 km umlambo Pinega (kummandla Arkhangelsk) ke iinqanawa, ngoko ungena misele Registry Russia.

umbuso Water

Nge pool 42,000 km ^2, 90% ashinyeneyo, Pinyega abe ububanzi 20 m kwinxalenye ongentla ukuya kwi 190 m emlonyeni inxalenye yayo, kodwa iyahluka nomlambo. Njengoko umthetho, imilambo ilandelwe ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu emanzini okubangelwa ikhephu. Peak Pinegi omkulu kwenzeka ngoMeyi, yaye yonke izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi kule kunokwenzeka phakathi kwe-430 m ³ / s ukuya 3000 m ³ / s. konogumbe obukhulu kwenzeka ngexesha nezikhukhula imvula.

ice Okokuqala phezu komlambo ukuze ibe obhityileyo umboniso ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha, ukuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ice ukucinga, kodwa ekupheleni kukaNovemba sibopha amanzi kwaye igcinwe avareji iintsuku 180 phambili, ukufumana imitha ubukhulu.

Xa umkhenkce uqala ukunyibilika, amaxesha ice yokhukuliseko kweefom ukuxinana, ngenxa apho inqanaba amanzi omlambo liphuma kwi-1 m ukuya 3 m, nto leyo edla ngokwenzeka kummandla Pinyega zokuhlala. Kungenxa yoko le nto apha ngexesha elinye kwamanye amalwimi ezifakiweyo icebreaker ezizodwa, apho bayichithe nakummango nokuthintela kwezikhukhula le ndawo.

Xa amanzi components yemichiza Pinegi zibandakanywa udidi hydrocarbon, kunye ehlukene yayo kwithuba ebusika ngaphezu kwama-300 mg / l, kanti ehlotyeni - mg kuphela 70 / l. Ukuba sithethe esimsulwa, umlambo bobabo ukuya abangaxhalabisiyo bangcolile, ngokuba turbidity yi-50 g / m3.

Inkcazelo Pinega umfula

Apho lomfula ziyabandakanywa amahlathi 90%, oko kubizwa ngokuba ezintle, kodwa ingakumbi Pinegi esoloko itshintsha yokubona unxweme. Oku kungenxa yokuba le nkqubo ibandakanya gypsum kunye yilimestone iidipozithi kwimimandla phakathi nengasezantsi. Njalo uhlambe kude ngexesha izikhukula, iibhanki zingatshintshwa kancinane ifomu yabo minyaka le, kuba ephakamileyo, kukho inkunkuma encinane. Kwezinye iindawo, iibhanki amqengqelezi bakha udonga omhle, lafikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 20 ngokungathi ngokwakha udonga yendalo kunye neenkuni ngaphezulu, ukukhusela uxolo amanzi ayo.

Kufutshane amanzi ezibini elalini - Pinega kunye Karpogory ukuba, nangona kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu ukusuka impucuko, ethandwayo nezithandwa kokhenketho kakhulu kunye Ukuskiya.

Akukho kangako umdla zezi imijelo omlambo Pinega, apho ukususela kwicala 12 lasekhohlo, kwaye ukusuka ekunene - 7, kodwa ezona Viya, Yezhuga River, weKrismesi, Ilesha River, Pokshenga River, Shuyga, Yavzora kunye Tinga.

entanyeni

Mhlawumbi, ngolwimi yegama yamandulo Slavic "entanyeni" elithetha "entanyeni", kodwa namhlanje igama enxulumene kunye nesikhundla uviko lasekhohlo Pinega River. Ngobude balo-181 km 2 indawo ezikuyo - kunye Pinezhsky Verkhnetoemsky, ikhondo oluphakathi nolusezantsi kokuhlamba Vyisky zokuhlala kwabo.

Entanyeni njengokuba entle njengoko Pinyega oko kwaqatshelwa ngomzobi Russian Vereshchagin ngexesha uhambo lwakhe ukuya ngasemntla Russian. Nokubiyela iinduli emathafeni, flow ngcembe, maxa wambi oluphazanyiswa ifu yamatye ngokudibeneyo, oko kwenza ukuqabela kule komlambo ikhefu ngokwenene.

yokuhlala Vyisky, owasekwa ngo-2006, Kwandile sakhiwa iilali yokuqala, exhobele apha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kwabantu bokuqala Sizibandakanye ekulobeni, ezingela kunye nezolimo zazinqabile. Namhlanje Vyisky zokuhlala umiwe ngabantu nje 644, ukwakha umasipala Vyisky.

Yezhuga River

Le uviko lasekunene Pinega ubude 165 km, aqukuqela kummandla Arkhangelsk, ngoko ukusebenza kulo ilizwe Komi Republic. Igama njenge ubuzwe gunya Komi, kwaye lithetha "engcotyeni umlambo", nto leyo ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo.

Enyanisweni, inxalenye yayo esezantsi ekungeneni idlula umhlaba Amathafa tyaba, kuphela efikelela kuyo wokufika "amukela" nduli zibukekayo. nasemifuleni Gentle akufaneleyo nokuloba kunye intente nolonwabo. Oku kulapho uyakhululeka ngenene ukusuka impucuko, ukuchitha ixesha indalo - ukuloba, ukuqokelela amakhowa kunye amaqunube emahlathini ezingqonge umlambo.

sura umfula

Kwi 395 km ukusuka emlonyeni Pinega athele emlanjeni Sura, akhiwa kuyenzeka Yuromy Surosoroy. Nangona ubude elifutshane km nje 92, lo mlambo kakhulu ezinabantu. Ngoko ke kweendonga zayo ibekwe esezantsi kuyo elalini ntaba kunye sluduet, Pahurovo kunye Markovo, ngoxa emlonyeni ligama elifanayo elalini na iziko likamasipala Sura.

Xa ebanzi Sura ngaphezulu 37 m kwaye ubunzulu yi-0.5 m. Xa kwezi ezimiweyo narodnost chud ebizwa zavolochskaya. Igama kwakuthetha ukuba Chud (Finno-Ugric izizwe) waphila nanini. Kamva ke bazinza apha abantu abavumi ukwamkela ubuKristu bamlahla oothixo babo bantu. Tschudi inkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabo, njengoko abathile ethnologists, usahleli, mandife kwezinye iilali.

Igama "Sura" okokuqala livela Novgorod ibonisa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XII njenge "Sura ezimbi", nto leyo ithetha sengqondo abo afune ukwamkela ubuKristu. Kakade ke, emva kwexesha elide abantu balapha baye bavuma ukholo olutsha kubo, yaye kwilali Sura yaba ikhaya eyingcwele ilungisa Ioanna Kronshtadtskogo.

Yokufika Ilesha River

Enyanisweni, zaya Pinegi uye amagama nje amabini: kwi kwinxalenye esempuma Verkhnetoyemsky weSithili, apho kuphuma, ibizwa ngokuba Small Ilesha River, kwaye nje emva kwakhe wajoyina Pinegskoy Entalu amanzi, iba Ilesha River.

Le dolophu inkulu phezu komlambo - kwidolophana Red nomi 43 km ukusuka emlonyeni wayo.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Pinegi

Lo mlambo uyathandwa ngabalobi kunye nabathandi aluminium e izikhephe irabha kunye abazingeli, nobuhle nje abo bakhetha ukuba iiholide aphesheya engekashunyayelwa of ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kukho iindawo ezimangalisayo zokupakisha, kwaye kwiindonga imixawuka of lekalika (photos umlambo Pinega ukuqinisekisa kuyo) kunye namahlathi luluqilima ezifana abatyeleli ngophatho ezinzulwini iinkulungwane.

umdla ngokukhethekileyo abakhenkethi kunandipha umqolomba odumileyo karst, nto leyo amawaka zeminyaka bayisile ngayo amanzi lekalika omlambo. utyelelo yabo kunokwenzeka kakhulu ebusika, njengabanye konyaka ukuba izikhukhula, yaye amagama bathethe ngokwabo malunga ubuhle babo. Kukho emqolombeni Snow Queen, Tale The Winter, yaye Ice Crystal, yaye hlamusela ngokupheleleyo igama layo.

stalactite ice kunye ne stalacmites ukuhlangabezana iindwendwe ezikhundleni zabo. Enyanisweni, kukho inani elikhulu semiqolomba ukuba nangoku elinde ukuba cavers kwafunyaniswa. Ukukhusela ezi sayithi zendalo emva ngo-1974 kule ndawo reserve yamiselwa, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo yaba ukhuselo kunye nolondolozo emiqolombeni karst.

Akukho ngaphantsi umdla salmon kuloba Pinega River. Enyanisweni, kukho kwakhona zifumaneka Intlanzi, grayling, neKubhi, Roach, zakhele, yayinguDace, sisinkantazi kunye Pike, kangangokuba akukho mntu usele ngaphandle ayigange. Ngoobani owoyamaniswe ukuze baphumle obutofotofo, Ungasebenzisa iinkonzo ze-shishini lokukhokela abatyeleli ze uchithe hlobo ayilibaleki indlu yeendwendwe elalini. Verkola okanye Campsite ekunene phezu kweendonga omlambo. Nature kula maqela zinto elimi ngayo. Le lali imi phezu eweni, engqongwe kwicala elinye ziinduli kunye amahlathi, yaye kwelinye - basike.

Le lali ifumaneka e efikelela embindini, kodwa unako ukuqesha esikhitshaneni, bamandulele baye efikelela kuyo i Pinega River. Zabroska uthathe ixesha elide, kodwa lokuloba apha kuhle.

Kwezi ndawo wazalwa, yena wayesebenza wafa Umbhali odumileyo Fyodor abramov, ondlu waba imyuziyam isikhumbuzo sakhe.

River Pinega - egumbini enkulu unspoilt zendalo, apho kufuneka khona xa kukho umnqweno yokubalekela umsindo yempucuko.