Museum-Reserve "Kuznetsk inqaba", Novokuznetsk: isishwankathelo, inkcazelo, imbali umdla facts

Ngaphezulu kwamashumi-hectare nature reserve, imyuziyam eyintloko Kuzbass - Kuznetsk inqaba. Inxalenye ephambili inqaba kubekwe phezu kwentaba Ascension, nto leyo yinxalenye iba go, uluhlu ntaba, elibheke isixeko Novokuznetsk ukusuka kwisithili efanayo. Le myuziyam waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1991, ukufunda, balondoloze kwaye baphakamise into umdla ezifana, njengenqaba Kuznetsk - ilitye lesikhumbuzo omangalisayo imbali inqaba, ilifa kubaluleke federal kwenkcubeko.

indawo

Lo mmandla ayikho kuphela inqaba Kuznetsk, kodwa ezinye ezikhumbuzo zendalo kunye nembali. Kukho engxangxasi ezintle mwonyo malunga Verhotomskoye redoubt. Ubuncinane kweshumi zokwakha, yomkhosi izinto zokuzifaka apha lungaphengululwa abahlali kukhenketho kunye nabatyeleli. Ekulondolozweni litye yahlukile, umsebenzi kubuyiselwa rhoqo kusendleleni.

Apha ke ibekwe kunye neziza archaeology - zonke iintlobo ntlobo. Uphando nangoku phantsi indlela, kwaye ayikho ngaphandle ngeziphumo. Kuznetsk Fortress wafunda ikude lee zonke. Kwinkcazelo myuziyam uhlala kungenwe phando. Inikeza imbali wamajoni mmandla, ukunikezela site entolongweni, imigca ibali ukomeleza, kwaye entolongweni inqaba, elibe inqaba, kakhulu, ukususela ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Le myuziyam kunceda ukukhuthaza izithethe emkhosini yobuzwe, nokuqokelela lwemveli ongaqhelekanga kunye nenkcubeko lixhasa.

museum umsebenzi

NgoDisemba 1991, imyuziyam yavulwa, noboya bokuqala abasebenzi bakhe bahlala phezu Abantu kwisitrato kwisakhiwo esihle. Kunye entsha 1992 kwaqala kuphela isifundo olunzulu inqaba ngophando yogcino zakudala, kodwa imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa kwakhona efakwe ngokubanzi. Lahlela uhambo ngenkcazo, ngezakudala kunye nembali ukuncedisana iimali ze yimyuziyam. Ekubeni ephinda Kuznetsk inqaba yayo, ukuzalwa.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1993 imyuziyam waya endlwini ingxangxasi zabarhwebi Fonareva esitratweni, apho ikhona unanamhla. Kwangaxeshanye oko yasungulwa imveliso "Kuznetsk yamandulo" - lowu imbali ezithile zendawo. Ngowe-1994, imyuziyam wavula ilayibrari uphando kunye neencwadi ukususela ingqokelela wabagrumbi-ziza zakudala ukusuka kwidolophu ekufutshane Prokopyevsk MG Elkina. Ngelo xesha nye kubanjwe umboniso yokuqala azinikele nemigaqo zobugcisa laseSiberia.

nokubuyiselwa

wadala abunjwe Okulandelayo yomlando yahlola ezahlukeneyo kwimiboniso. Ngowe-1998, wazithwala phandle ulwakhiwo imbuyekezo - umsebenzi omkhulu-iscale ngokutsha. amasango Barnaul kunye polubastiona amatye amabini, enqabeni yomkhosi amajoni '- oku oko natyetyiswa koko Kuznetsk inqaba. Novokuznetsk - isixeko izithethe enobukhazikhazi enobuqaqawuli, yaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu waba ngokwembali kubabetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kuye kwabanjwa apha ukuvuyela uSuku City.

Kodwa loo nto zonke izinto ezilungileyo ezaqala kwenzeka kummandla Kuznetsk inqaba. Metallurgists ye ZSMK Foundry wavelisa imifanekiso ezilishumi ngamakhoboka ngemipu ngaphambili wayemi apha phezu iinqwelwana, kunye mortars ezimbini zobhedu, ezibe kwakhona kwiziko ezindongeni inqaba. Kwaye ngo-2001, isebe efanayo wanika museum ukuba zingumfanekiso wezikolo yobhedu Kugorna mortars amabini, nto leyo bahlal ngoku mboniso ngokusisigxina. Emva konyaka, waba inqaba silindele omnye isipho - ndiziphose mortars zentsimbi kunye mane-esikiti-iponti kwi zizisu.

memory

Ngowe-2002, enqabeni yomkhosi udonga zamajoni, kakhulu, wafumana isipho esivela Foundry: oko wabeka iipleyiti ezimbini lesikhumbuzo, edwelisa amagama abemi Kuznetsk, wawongwa George Cross. Kwaye iindonga inqaba kwakhona zazaliswa ngemipu kwi nqwelwana entsimini kunye imiphanda sisinyithi nobhedu. Ngo-2003 kummandla we umhlola udaka ngu nomkroli E. E. Potehina, kamva indawo kwesinyithi, imbeko uLieutenant General PN Putilova.

Umhlola kwakhona ekuveliseni Foundry yaseWest Siberian Metallurgical Hlanganisa. Kwinkcazelo myuziyam uhlala ihlaziywa kunye umbandela kwakusembiwa kuyo, amalungiselelo sesichengeni ngakumbi nangakumbi. Enqabeni amajoni, icandelo yonke enikelwe kuznechaninu odumileyo - artist Admiralty, owaba dumile kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Imifanekiso Portrait kunye ipleyiti wesikhumbuzo wavelisa zonke Foundry efanayo metallurgical.

Isigaba sesibini sokwakha

Kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintandathu ka-2008 ibe ngakumbi ngayo kuqala Kuznetsk enqabeni yawo. Novokuznetsk yabamba rhoqo imisebenzi elikhulu-isikali yokwakhiwa imbuyekezo. Eli xesha wayibuyisela iintlobo nezi ndawo Southern, yaye isakhiwo lwakhiwe ngokumalunga imizobo yokuqala igosa eliyintloko lendlu. Kwakhona yabeka kwigumbi ngomthi, wazihombisa apha imikrolo bakhe kumaxesha amandulo. Igosa eliyiNtloko wathabatha ekhaya mboniso enkulu yembali kwi Kuznetsky umkhonto, Kuznetsk Kuznetsk nqaba kunye nomgca ukuzithethelela.

Yinqubo amajoni ofulelwe kakhulu impumelelo mboniso kwi kwimbali yamandulo mmandla, apho ezahlukeneyo izinto yaqokelelwa kwimingxuma ngokokulandelelana - ukusuka Paleolithic, nothabatha umbukeli ukuya nkulungwane BC yamashumi amabini iziza zakudala ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Kwinkcazelo zaquka ngokutsha eyonwabisayo zembali, eyabonisa abemi yamandulo mmandla, ukuvela esele ngako cranium. Novokuznechane ukuthanda museum zabo.

Kuznetsk inqaba

Yena wakha nenqaba iminyaka engamashumi amabini, ukuba kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ayikho kakhulu, ukususela 1800 kude kube ngonyaka 1820 njalo. Kuza kuqhubeka ukomeleza inkqubo, injongo ephambili apho - ekuthinteleni ndlongo of China, owayesoloko ebasingasingile inkanuko (yaye nangoku!) On eMzantsi eSiberia kwaye ngokwenene emhlabeni otyebileyo. Noko ke, ngo-1846 imbali wamajoni Kuznetsk inqaba lwagqitywa: kwiMfazwe iSebe sele isusiwe ukusuka kwiphepha lomncono. Naye redeveloped ngokuthi aququzelele entolongweni ngenxa izaphuli-mthetho, nto leyo yayikhona enqabeni de-1919. Kwaye War Civil, zonke izakhiwo akwi kwinkqubo ejele ngenxa tsarist batshiswa.

Fort ngokwayo yayakhiwe kudala ngaphambi kwenqaba eyinhloko - ukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. yokwakha, bamkhwelisa ukuyilwa yonke inkqubo ngoyaba kwiNtaba Ascension (ngaphambili kwathiwa Amathuna). Iinqaba ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe elinesibhozo baba nemiphanda okanye ngamaplanga, yaye waba yemveli kakhulu kwabo uphawu amaxesha uqoqo: iinqaba ibekwe kujikelezo mzi, oko kukuthi, banganeli waziphendulela inqaba.

Ngaphambi kokusekwa mzi

Ascension polubastion Kuznetsk inqaba wahlala inxalenye udonga kunye iintsalela ezinde eziliqela. Xa intlungu kwelabafileyo kwaye ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe banokusipasa olu donga ngendlela efanayo njengoko oko ngokutsha ngexesha lethu - umsele wemba uze ugalele kwizikhondo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1717 an iShushan yodongwe eyamisa kwi promontory yentaba. Ngo-1689 i-Fort wabhengezwa isixeko, akhusela ummandla ukusuka 'ehlasela Kirghiz kunye Kalmyks "(njengoko ekuthiwa Mongols, amaTshayina, zeAltai kunye Shor), yi ayamkele mhlekazi Wakhe lobungangamsha bakhe.

Ngokuba zilikhusi ezinqatyisiweyo ngakumbi nje up elunxwemeni uTom ebingasentla komzi ngokunxulumene yesibini wabeka kwinqaba iShushan, leyo edibene komzi eludongeni somthi, kwaye isangqa kwicala ilizwe le nqaba lwakhiwe iinkuni zamafu zikujikeleze ezibethelelwe. Nakuba ke, njengokuba ubeko lwe Kuznetsk inqaba udonga isango ezisibhozo yaye phantse ezimbini kunye neekhilomitha. Ezine shaft akamsalisela ngokuphindaphindiweyo isakhiwo kunxweme weentaba tomi, nakwiimbombo zilikhusi ezinzulu ongasetynziswayo kunye namasango ezimbini ezinde somthi. Ngaphakathi enqaba elunge ngelo xesha ukuba indlwana kuphela, kwisakhiwo esithile. Zonke amasango olukhuselwe ngemipu ezinamandla. Ke kaloku, kule ubeko lwe myuziyam iyaqhubeka ukusebenza "Kuznetsk inqaba". Novokuznetsk wakhetha lokuphinda kwabaphilileyo imbonakalo yamva lesikhumbuzo, kunye umdla esineenqaba.

kweyeshumi elinesibhozo

Ekupheleni kwale ezayame kweyeshumi elinesibhozo Fort ezidilikileyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa idolophu Kuznetsk wayeza kuqhubeka umnqophiso wayo esihle uligwiba ephangweni elingasempuma Kumda inkqubo yomgama wamazwi of elandisiweyo - ukusuka lweCaspian ukuya besekhaya. Ngoko ke, ukuba sele zilungisiwe yaye yavunywa yi-uMlawuli uPawulos ukuphucula zonke Kuznetsk iinqaba I.

Kwafuneka ukuba ezayame Tombs ezintsha emazantsi entaba kunye phezu kwayo. Ngowe-1800, umsebenzi wokwakha waqalisa, kwaye ngo-1820 th lalungiswa ngokupheleleyo Kuznetsk inqaba. Novokuznetsk, imbali yakhe yaqala kwaye ziphuhliswe ngaxeshanye ubomi iinqaba ngoku ibuyisela kule ndawo khetho zilikhusi.

kwenzeka ntoni

yonke enqabeni fumene emilise xande evuthelweyo, kujikelezo iintolo eziphambili ifunelwa redanami, ezibe walitshiza ngaphakathi wheelchair imipu. Amangcwaba kwi Cape Mount waba redoubt engaphezulu square, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni enqabeni umngxuma elide redanom. Xa emasondweni uchuku ezisengozini polubastiony udonga ngaphakathi yelitye lentlabathi amabini kwaye axhotyiswe ziseko zokudubula.

Phakathi polubastionami Inkitha ezintathu-storied ngezitena Ucinga inqaba. Ke benziwa ngokupheleleyo izisele ukuzithethelela upper. Of izakhiwo pre-ezikhoyo kuphela ecaweni yasinda. Yakhiwe kwaye ubuyekeze namabanjwa nqaba suku esweni umsebenzi.

lidala zizimvi

Phambi ko 1806, njengoko isethi yamaxwebhu ezikoovimba Museum-Reserve, Kuznetsk inqaba waba isakhiwo litye kuphela - ibali elinye-endlwaneni kunye nophahla phezulu hipped kunye window neeDormer. Phambi kokuba isakhiwo ngumnquba yamaplanga ukubukela emhlabeni ekundleni. Endlwaneni xesha - hayi iziko ukuba ubanjwe elifutshane, kunye yabalindi. Esi sakhiwo zibekwe kufutshane emasangweni Kuznetsk. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo waphumla amajoni ukusuka kokutshintshwa kwabalindi.

Ngo-1810 i endlwaneni lalungiswa ngokupheleleyo amajoni wabeka isitovu lwezitena, baxhotyiswa kunye imigangatho somthi. Xa nqaba ndandinyuke ukusuka imo yokhuselo, isakhiwo yayekwa, ukubola ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngo-1869 wathengisa ezilahliweyo. Kuphela ngo-1970 yakhiwa kwakhona. Ngokufanayo indala imagazini umgubo ilitye uphahla gable kunye izakhiwo ezimbini. Around Kumi ucingo enamandla ngaphezu kude zokugcina. Ezingcwalisiweyo bazipheka uphahla ngo-1810 ukuba bavale Iizilebhu ngamatye, wabeka uphahla ukuba isixokelelwano semibhobho yamanzi.

yegumbi Ijoni

It is a isakhiwo sezitena isiseko samatye yakhiwa ngo-1808. Ezilishumi iiwindow zibekwe ecaleni lonke ubude olungaphambili ngapha nangapha, i-high kophahla, gable, kunye iifestile ezintandathu neeDormer, yahlulwa nkqo uveze kwinqwanqwa. Zonke gumbi yayiquka iinxalenye ezimbini, symmetrically zodwa, esinamasango eyahlukileyo. izitovu igumbi shushu. Ecaleni zindonga silala kwibhanka. Noko ke, ubuhle isakhiwo khange kuvinjwa: lonke ubude eludongeni ikhutshiwe imingxunyana enhle.

Kukho babekwa abantu amakhulu amabini, anamanci asixhenxe Biysk inkampu kunye neqela nokukhubazeka. Emva kokuba ukupheliswa ezinqabeni njengoko isakhiwo wamajoni, enqabeni yomkhosi kuye kwanikelwa ukususela 1842 ukuya isiqulatho yalo mthetho. amaxesha amaninzi esi sakhiwo ngokutsha kwaye yalungiswa, yaye ngoDisemba 1919 entolongweni satshiswa phantsi yi kuzinze. gumbi ke imbali lomkhosi ixesha elide yaphela. On amanxuwa ayo kwiminyaka 90 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ziye zaqhutywa ngabembi ezininzi kwaye wafumana izinto ezihonjiswe imyuziyam.

Ober-ndlu igosa

Le ndlu litye wayephila namagosa amane Bijskogo nomkhosi kwinkonzo apho ke kuloo nqaba ikampu. Isakhiwo esinemigangatho omnye esinamasango ezimbini neefestile elinanye kwi olungaphambili engundoqo yakhiwa elula, kodwa, njengoko kwakusenziwa ngaloo mihla, hayi ngaphandle frills. Roof enomoya kunye izikhewu phakathi ezithambekileyo, kunye zangasese, esakhiweni kunye neziko ezintle yonxantathu kwindawo zokuhlala kwindawo ubungqina.

Xa iyonke, isakhiwo waba amagumbi ezisithoba, ezihlanu kuzo zokuhlala - kwelinye icala, ikhitshi kunye eluncedo igumbi phezu kwezinye. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba indlu igosa oyintloko sanikelwa kwisibhedlele yasemkhosini. Le isakhiwo ngcembe wabatshabalalisa, kwaye ngo-1905 endaweni yayo wazakhela indlu amagosa kunye neentsapho zabo. Kodwa le ndlu kungekudala itshiswe. Kuphela ngo 2000 indlu igosa oyintloko ngokutsha.