Rocks Clastic. Inkcazelo kunye nokubekwa nasemaweni

Xa izibilini umhlaba phantse itafile yonke ngamaxesha athile. imichiza ifomu phakathi kwabo ambaxa apho izimbiwa zendalo. minerals enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuze ziqukwe nasemaweni emhlabeni. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukujongana neendlela zabo, kunye neempawu ixabiso.

Yintoni na iliwa

Kuba okokuqala kweli xesha isicelo Scientist yethu Russian Severgin ngo-1978. Ingcaciso makanikwe ngu: rocks - oku komnye izimbiwa eziliqela ezenzeka ngokwendalo babe isakhiwo esisigxina kunye nokwakheka. Rocks zingafunyanwa yonke, njengoko lukwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba.

Ukuba ufunda inkcazelo zeengxondorha, bonke bephela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo:

• Mninzi.
• Porosity.
• Umbala.
• Strength.
• ukumelana Abanamandla iqabaka.
• iimpawu zokuhombisa.

Kuxhomekeka indibanisela iimpawu zisetyenziswa.

Ukwahluka aphiwe

Xa intliziyo kwiiyunithi rock ezamahala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yeyona imichiza nezimbiwa nokwakheka. Igama Iliwa kunikwa, ngokuxhomekeke imvelaphi yabo. Khawuve oko ukwabelana iqela. Ukuhlelwa Common ukuze khangela ngaloo ndlela.

1. rocks ngentlenga:

• rocks clastic;
• organogenous;
• chemogenic;
• mixed.

2. ukubona:

• mlilo;
• plutonic;
• hypabyssal.

3. Metamorphic:

• isochemical;
• metasomatic;
• ultrametamorphic.

Emva koko, cinga indlela abalinganiswa iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kwezi ntlobo.

kumatye awenziwa ludaka

Nayiphi rocks ababonakalayo imibombo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo yangaphandle kufuneka gqitha ukutshintsha imilo yayo. Baqala ukuba ndiludilize, ukusasazeka kobutyobo, uyakwazi mayifakwe kwi ezantsi kweelwandle neelwandlekazi. Ngenxa yoko - ukuyilwa kumatye awenziwa ludaka.

Bathi nasemaweni imvelaphi lentlenga kunzima, ekubeni abaninzi kubo kwasekwa phantsi kweempembelelo iinkqubo ezininzi, ngoko, ukuba attribute ukuba iqela elithile cishe kungenakwenzeka. Okwangoku, eli hlobo Iliwa yahlulwe:

• rocks Clastic. Imizekelo ingabangela ezahlukeneyo: njengamasuntsu eziqhelekileyo okanye nakhandiweyo ilitye, isanti kunye udongwe, kunye nabanye abaninzi.
• Organogenous.
• Chemogenic.

Makhe sithethe ngayo ifom ngalunye uhlobo.

rocks Clastic

Babonakala ngenxa ukuyilwa kobutyobo. Ukuba mabazihlele ngako kulwakhiwo lwazo, ukukhululwa:

• rock kokwehla.
• Nesanti.

Uhlobo lokuqala lufaka licandelo kokuxhuma, leyo angamelwa carbonates kunye clays. Uhlobo lwesibini ayinalo ezi izinto ngenxa yoko isakhiwo evakalala.

Unako kwakhona ucacise ukuba emaweni clastic evame imizila kunye iintsalela zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ezi ziquka kweqokobhe of izilwanyana ezigcinwe amatye isiqu, amaphiko sinambuzane.

Kakhulu eyaziwa rocks clastic. Imizekelo ukuqinisekisa oku. Ngu detrital zibe nesanti kakhulu nodongwe, ilitye eyaphukileyo, igrabile, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Bonke bephela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha.

yophondo rock

Eli qela ke imveliso ekudibaneni kwemichiza. Yabhalwa nguye abe iityuwa, ezifana potassium kunye webauxite. Inkqubo wokusungula olu hlobo hlobo ukuze uqhubeke ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. yoxinaniso ngcembe yenkqubo isicombululo. It is hhayi ngaphandle apha kwaye nefuthe imitha yelanga.
2. Ezibamba iityuwa ngaphezulu kubushushu lifinyele.

Ubume kweentlobo ezinjalo ziza kuxhomekeka ukuba apho kwenzeka. Ezo akhiwa phezu kobuso bomhlaba, kufuneka imilo dama, kwaye ubunzulu sele eyahlukileyo.

Kakhulu esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweli qela yamatye, imizekelo ukuqinisekisa oku kuphela. Emityinweni zeengxondorha zezi:

• iityuwa Mineral.
• Bauxite.
• Limestones.
• Dolomite, Magnesite, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Xa ngokwemvelo rocks eziqhelekileyo ekubunjweni apho yazinyaswa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Igama kwamatye eziye zenzeka ngendlela - kuxutywe. Umzekelo, kwentlabathi ziyakuphunyezwa ne admixture zodaka.

rocks Organogenic ludaka

Ukuba zamatye clastic maxa wambi zibandakanyiwe kumafa zalo izinto eziphilayo, ngoko eli qela nje omnye wabo yaye. Oku kuquka:

• Oil and shale.
• Ngetha.
• rocks phosphate.
• iikhompawundi carbonate, ezifana itshokhwe, abhaliweyo ebhodini.
• Limestones.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nokuqulunqwa, lo lwelimestone kunye netshokhwe yenziwe phantse ngokupheleleyo iintsalela ze kweqokobhe of izilwanyana yamandulo, foraminifera, nekorale, njengoko ziqulathe lisiza. Ngenxa ezikhokelela rocks organogenic izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukuba yahlulwe iintlobo eziliqela:

• Bioherm. Ngoko wabiza ukuqokelelana eziphilayo.
• Thanatocoenoses kunye tafrotsenozy zizinto yokutyiwa eziphilayo babephila kudala kwezi ndawo okanye zaziswa ngamanzi.
• rocks Planktonogenic akhiwa ukusuka eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini.

ubukhulu Grain yodaka

Olu phawu enye yeempawu lwesakhiwo rock ludaka. Ukuba ujonga ematyeni, ukuba kwahlulwa ibe yohlobo olunye kunye inclusions. In lwalo yokuqala, yonke iliwa waqonda nje ubunzima eyohlobo olulodwa, kwaye amaqhezu yesibini kuvumelekileyo ukuqwalaselwa zabo imilo okuziinkozo kunye ratio.

Ukuba sicinga ubungakanani amaqhezu, sinako ukwahlula amaqela ezininzi:

1. Grain ibhalwe kakuhle kakhulu.
2. Skrytozernistye abangaboniyo kubonakala ukuba efan.
3. Kwiqela lesithathu, akunakwenzeka ukuba siqwalasele imbudumbudu ngaphandle nezixhobo ezizodwa.

ifomu inclusions kungaba yenye indlela ngayo kula nasemaweni. Zininzi iintlobo eyodwa zezakhiwo:

• Gipodiomorfny. Kule hlobo senzo nembewu ziikristale yezisombululo onesiphumo.
• uhlobo Gipidioblastovy lunxulumene nobume esiphakathi, apho kukho ngokwabiwa ngokutsha kwezinto eliweni sele eqina.
• Granoblastic okanye ephepheni iye ziikristale ngokwemilo engagunyaziswanga.
• uhlobo Mehanokonforny akhiwa intshukumo ngomatshini ezi zoleko okuziinkozo xinzelelo, leyo akhiwe ngasentla.
• Nekonformnozernisty inomsebenzisi iphambili ngohlobo zeemilo ezahlukeneyo okuziinkozo, nto leyo ekhokelela mgodini kunye porosity.

Koko izakhiwo ihlaba nkqu kunye nemvakalo. Eli candelo isekelwe phezu Ukufikisa of:

• Kwezidalwa. lasungulwa oluqhutywa phaya anzongonzongo kakhulu ngaphantsi kwamanzi.
• Prosloevaya livela smear ngodongwe kwezinye kunokudala amanzi, olu hlobo ekunokuthiwa, kunokudala zesanti nodongwe.
• Pereslaivatelnaya lwenzeka xa ubukhulu elikhulu, sinako ukubona utshintsho imibala zikhabane. Ngokomzekelo, udongwe ngolu nesanti.

Oku kungakhokelela zokuhlelwa ezininzi ngakumbi, kodwa oku, mhlawumbi, ayeke.

Abameli zeengxondorha lentlenga

Sele bahlolisisa namawa lentlenga clastic, imizekelo apho nako kudale, kwaye ngoku kwelinye icala, nto leyo yenza kwindalo ngokubanzi.

1. Umgrayo. Bonisa rocks lentlenga ngohlobo luhlalu. Le nto ndiyibhalayo iingceba amatye kunye neeminerali ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo.
2. rocks Jabu. Ezi ziquka isanti kunye yelitye.
3. rocks Silty ngandlel efanayo sandstones, kuphela isakhiwo yalo izimbiwa ophumelelayo ngokohlobo zwi, muscovite.
4. Siltstone lubonakala ngokuba uburhabaxa kwi ezinjengokwaphuka kunye umbala kuxhomekeke izinto cementitious.
5. Womile.
6. rocks Clay.
7. Mudstones.
8. Marl na umxube carbonates kunye clays.
9. Limestones, leyo yakhiwa calcite.
10. Mel.
11. IDolomites zifana lekalika, calcite, kodwa endaweni ezikuyo dolomite.

Zonke ezi namawa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kunye namanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho.

zamatye zixelwe

Ukuba khumbula ukuba milo, kuya kuqondwa ukuba nemetamorphic zisisiphumo yotshintsho izimbiwa kunye namatye phantsi inyathelo ubushushu, ukukhanya, uxinzelelo, kunye namanzi. Esaziwa kakhulu eli qela zezi: nezemarmore, quartzite, gneiss, schist, kunye nabanye.

Ekubeni olukhulu ixhomekeke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxondorha, ulwahlulohlulo buxhomekeke kuyo:

1. METABASIC - kukuzola, sisiqhamo uguqulo igneous kunye ludaka.
2. Metapelites zisisiphumo ukuguquka ilitye lentlenga acid.
3. rocks carbonate, ezifana naziiperile.

Ifom ye iliwa nemetamorphic lugciniwe kumzekelo yangaphambili, xa iliwa ibekwe ngaphezu kweengqimba, kwaye elalisandul 'ukusekwa iya kuba imile ngokufanayo. Ukwakheka imichiza, Kakade ke, kuxhomekeke elulwalweni yokuqala, kodwa phantsi kweempembelelo reactions zinokwahluka. Ukwakheka bezimbiwa zinokuba nomahluko, kwaye kungaquka zombini izimbiwa enye okanye eziliqela.

rocks Igneous

Eli qela yamatye phantse-60% of kuqweqwe wonke umhlaba wakhe. Ukusuka ukunyibilika ematyeni okanye yokwaleka emazantsi kuvela noqweqwe. Daka - izinto otyhidiweyo ahlanganiswe ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo kunye neegesi ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo ukubunjwa lisoloko linxulunyaniswa lobushushu eliphezulu kwigumbi langaphakathi zomhlaba. iinkqubo zejoloji ziyenzeka ngaphakathi Umhlaba, njalo bamqumbise daka liphuma ngaphezulu. Kwinkqubo wokukhulisa kwenzeka okupholisa kunye crystallization kwezimbiwa. Ngoko ke inkqubo ukuze kwakhiwe igneous.

Kuxhomekeke kubunzulu apho ukuqaqadeka, yahlulwe ngamaqela eziliqela yamatye, iintlobo itafile usenokukhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

plutonic	mlilo	hypabyssal
Ezi namawa senziwa ezantsi noqweqwe.	Senziwe ngexesha kuqhuma daka ngaphezulu.	Uhlobo kwenzeka xa Udaka uhleliyo emfanteni emaweni ezikhoyo.

rocks Igneous kwahluka doti ukuba akukho yokutyiwa eziphilayo ezifileyo kuzo. emaweni lenyengane yenye yezona abadumileyo phakathi kweli qela. Le nkqubo ibandakanya: feldspar, zwi kunye linguMika.

Xa dubulo, lolu daka siyeka phezu komhlaba, ngokuthe ngcembe ayaphola kwaye yenza uhlobo lwe rock mlilo. Bona azinamgaqo ziikristale ezinkulu njengoko drop ubushushu lwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. AMele rocks ezinjalo abangelwe negranite. Ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa kudala lokuvelisa ezikhumbuzo eqingqiweyo.

mlilo clastic

Xa inkqubo mlilo abunjwe kuphela Nyengane rock, kodwa nabanye abaninzi. Further effusion mlilo emoyeni isuka inani elikhulu amaqhekeza aseleyo ezo, kunye egazi eqina mlilo esiwa komhlaba kunye nefomu tephra. Le nto pyroclastic kuxhaphaka iphazanyiswa, wabatshabalalisa yinxalenye amanzi ayo, kunye nalowo ubunjwe ze iba liliwa eliligwiba - tuffs mlilo.

Xa njengokuqhekeka amaqhekeza amatye zingabonakala, izithuba phakathi zazo zigcwele nothuthu maxa wambi udongwe okanye izinto ludaka siliceous.

Yemozulu aphiwe

Zonke rocks, ukuba kwindalo, ayachaphazeleka yimiba ezininzi nesiphumo ukhukuliseko okanye kwintshabalalo. Kuxhomekeka impembelelo ezwi kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule nkqubo:

1. yemozulu Physical of zeengxondorha. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho amaqondo obushushu, nto leyo angena eweni, kwezi iintanda umkhumbula amanzi yayo inokujikwa ibe komkhenkce obushushu aphantsi. Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshatyalaliswa yengxondorha kwenzeka.
2. yemozulu Chemical ikhutshwa phandle amanzi ungena neentanda amatye kunye leaches, iyachithakala kuyo. imiphumela anjalo kakhulu efanele nezemarmore, lekalika, ityuwa.
3. yemozulu yendalo wenziwe inxaxheba eziphilayo. Umzekelo, utyala ngeengcambu zawo abatshabalalisa iliwa, ulele, tywa phezu kwabo, cell acid ezithile, nayo yingozi.

Musa ziimozulu zeengxondorha nzima.

rocks meaning

Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso uqoqosho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa zeengxondorha. Umthambo loo ukusetyenziswa yaqala kumaxesha amandulo, xa abantu bafunda ukuba yokusingatha amatye. Ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa emaweni kushishino lokwakha. Imizekelo iquka le ilandelayo:

• Marble.
• Lekalika.
• Mel.
• Zakhiwe.
• Quartzite nabanye.

ukusebenzisa kwabo ekwakhiweni isekelwe phezu amandla kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo.

Ezinye iintlobo zisetyenziswa kushishino metallurgical, efana nodongwe elinjubaqa, lekalika, dolomite. Ishishini imichiza yi alohlukaniswa netyuwa engxondorheni, Tripoli, umhlaba diatomaceous.

Nkqu kushishino ukukhanya isebenzisa engxondorheni ngenxa iimfuno zabo. Kwezolimo akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle potash, rock phosphate, ezo njengesakhi esibalulekileyo izichumisi.

Ngenxa yoko, Siye sahlolisisa emaweni. Kwaye oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ngoku yokuba abancedisi ezithile yaye kuyimfuneko umntu phantse zonke kushishino, ukusuka kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuya zokwakha. Kungenxa yoko le ngcamango hayi Iliwa amaninzi kusetyenziswa, kunye neetyuwa kanye ubonisa ukubaluleka kwezi kwemithombo yendalo.