Abazi - zingqondweni, it ..

Ingcamango zingqondweni, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuntu, kwimbali wophando zefilosofi nezesayensi zaqala phambi kokuzalwa psychoanalysis yamandulo. Noko ke, ukuba Zigmund Freyd ingqina ingcamango kobunganga izakhiwo zingqondweni ngayo ingqondo yomntu phezu isakhiwo abazi (kwaye awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo, njengoko ingqalelo ngaphambili), ngaloo ndlela yenze revolution kwimbali ingcamango engqondweni. Ngophuhliso izimvo psychoanalytic womntu, kuqikelelwa ukuba njengomntu, ngokwembono lomsebenzi ukuzimela, ngesiquphe uwa phantsi ukuxhomekeka kwabo uloyiko lwabo, izakhiwo kunye, abaninzi Akumangalisi, nethuku isilwanyana. Ngako oko, phezu kwazo zonke iinkqubo ngamabonandenzile phambili zobugcisa, inkululeko izangoma umsebenzi womntu uya kusoloko kuncitshiswa zibe moya ethile yendalo, ebizwa zingqondweni.

umsebenzi engqondweni psychoanalysis

Wonke umsebenzi yengqondo ngamnye psychoanalysis ngazo ngokwemiqathango ye-izikhundla 3:

1. sengqondo ezinezihloko (structure ubuntu izangoma) kumi yomithathu umsebenzi yengqondo - wokuzimisela, zingqondweni kunye preconscious.

2. isikhundla Dynamic (intshukumo, uphuhliso lwamandla izangoma): isahlulo zinganakwa yomsebenzi yengqondo zingqondweni kuthatha phezu umlinganiswa.

3. Economic (balance / ukungalingani kwenkqubo): alternation kweenkqubo uxinezeleko yengqondo / nokuphumla, kuxhomekeke kubonakaliswa nethuku nezakhono ukuhlangabezana nazo.

Ngokubhekiselele kule zingqondweni phakathi kwezi zikolo kunye neentsingiselo ingqalelo imiba efana nendima zingqondweni kwi inkqubo yengqondo umsebenzi; Ukukholelwa ulawulo Umda abazi; Ukwahlula iziphumo yintshukumo zingqondweni kwi udidi esi sifo, njalo njalo. D. Inzuzo ephambili zonke iintsingiselo ngokwasengqondweni, swi isifundo umbuzo wokuba yintoni i candelo yengqondo unconscious i ukulinganisa ophezulu intsingiselo yalo kwinkqubo ubomi babantu, ngokunjalo ekucombululeni iingxaki ezinxulumene ne le sakhiwo, kungekhona 'ukulwa "kunye naye okanye" uvimba "yayo, yaye olunzulu sifundo lwemithetho yayo.

Kumbutho ubuntu

Ngokumalunga isakhiwo ubuntu, i zingqondweni i ngundoqo psyche (leyo umthombo wamandla izangoma ukuba umsebenzi ingqondo lonke sifundo), kwaye iqulathe inkqubo izakhiwo ezizodwa neempawu loo mntu, elizifumeneyo ekuzalweni. Freud yayimisela le isakhiwo njengoko Id (It). Ukongeza isakhiwo zingqondweni ubuntu kwenza ego bayazi (I) kunye super, superego (superego).

Isakhiwo luhlaba unconscious

Xa intliziyo zingqondweni, Freud iyayahlula nethuku ezinokuthi zinganxitywa njenge uhlobo emzimbeni (imfuneko) kunye nasengqondweni (neminqweno). Kwelinye icala, nethuku Isakhiwo iquka la macandelo ezine - kwithagethi, umthombo ukubetha into. Injongo yale ithuku ijonge ukuhlangabezana (okanye buthathaka) yeemfuno / neminqweno; into into (isenzo), ukwanelisa isidingo / umnqweno; Kusebenza amandla ukubetha (ombane amandla) kuyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno / umnqweno. Umzekelo, ukuchazwa ithuku (njengoko element unconscious) - oku kungaba ukuziphatha komntu, kunxanwa;

- Umthombo: Iimfuno ulwelo (ngenxa emzimbeni);

- into: fluid kuyimfuneko, ngokunjalo nezenzo ayizuze;

- Injongo: ndahlukane lunxano (ukusuka kwindawo komzimba lwembono - ukususwa / wokwehla ombane emzimbeni eyabangelwa);

- umfutho: amandla, imeko ikhula ezijoliswe lunxano eyanelisayo.

ukungalingani yengqondo kwenkqubo "abazi - unconscious"

Ifane nale kungalingani na ingqikelelo ungquzulwano. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa ukungavumelani kwe iimfuno ze-Id kunye Ego. Imisebenzi Icandelo yengqondo abazi ukuba anyhashwe kwiimeko apho impembelelo yayo luyaqala ukuba isixa zingqondweni. Le ngxabano phakathi sezingqondweni zingqondweni kungenzeki isiseko nobuntu psychoanalysis yamandulo na ingcamango irreducibility bengqondo ezingqondweni; Ku wazama ukuhlola inxalenye zingqondweni zayo psyche - i zingqondweni.

Njengenxalenye yesikolo psychoanalytic kwicandelo yengqondo abazi imele kuphela inxalenye encinane kakhulu kuyo (ngencam yomkhenkce), i zingqondweni - ke umsebenzi iingqondo zethu lo mntu. Ukufuna unconscious olukungquzulwano ngokwemimiselo inkcubeko kunye nokuziphatha. Le nkqubo yokusungula kuvuselele kwi "abazi - zingqondweni" - inkqubo sisiseko sophuhliso yengqondo nentlalo ye ngamnye. Ukuphumeza oku intsalela lwenziwa yi ukufakwa yengqondo iindlela zokhuselo.