RPK-74. Isibhamu somshishini waseKalashnikov (RPK) - 74: uphawu. Iifoto

Imfazwe yeHlabathi, eyaqala ngokukhawuleza emva kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, yaphoqelelwa iSoviet Union ukuba iqhubeke nokuphuhliswa okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo. Umklami owaziwayo owaziwayo uMikhail Kalashnikov waba yinkxaso eyintloko kunye nokuphefumlelwa okusemandleni kuzo zonke izinto ezalandela emva kwintsimi yezixhobo. Phakathi kweekopi ezenziwe nguye, i-PKK-74 ihlala kwenye yezona ndawo zihloniphekileyo kunye ne-AK-74, i-carbine "cargaine" carbine "iSaiga" kunye ne-RPKS.

Izixhobo ezincinci eRashiya

Iibhotile zokuqala kunye nabavukeli bavela kwi-14 leminyaka. Kodwa ukuphuhliswa okhethekileyo kweengalo ezincinci emhlabeni jikelele kwafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngaloo ndlela okokuqala kwakubonakale kubonakale kukutshitshisa iifomsi ezikhuphayo, idrama ejikelezayo kunye nombhobho oqhubiweyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kweRashiya, izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zangaphandle zazisetyenziswa. Udumo olukhethekileyo luneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvukela. Izixhobo kwi-gendarmerie, amapolisa kunye nomkhosi wenziwa ngabaguquki baseNgesi nabaseMerika "Webleigh" kunye no "Smith Wesson." Ukuthengiswa kwamahhala kubemi, abaguquleli "i-Sagittarius" - i-analogue yesiRashiya yesiNgesi "Velodog" nayo yafika. Kwakhona izibonelo zasekhaya zaziwa, njengeSkthian, "Indoda", "Vityaz", "Antey" kunye ne "Ermak". Ezi zixhobo ezincinci zaseRashiya ziphantse zingaphantsi kwamanye amazwe.

Kwaye ngo-1895, ngenxa yesigwebo sikaNicholas II, i-revolver yaseFransi yamkelwa. Ngelo xesha, amagosa athengiwe umzekelo ngeendlela ezimbini zokusebenza, ngelixa amajoni ayesebenzisa umvukeli omnye.

Izibhamu ezisetyenziswe ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini

Imfazwe yokuThatyelwa kweMpi yafundisa ihlabathi izifundo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa nohlanga lwengalo. Imizekelo emininzi yeengalo ezincinci ezisetyenziswe ngelo xesha zisetyenziswe yimikhosi eyahlukeneyo nangoku.

Ngoko, amajoni aseRashiya anikwe izibhamu zamanje zenkqubo yeMosin kunye neTokarev, ezithathwa njengezona zixhobo ezilula kakhulu nezithembekileyo. Ukuchasene nezixhobo ezinkulu zempi ezisetyenziswe ngabaphambili be-RPK 74 - i-PTRD 41 ( ibhuthi yamatshini ), i- DP (umpu wamashishini) kunye nesigxina se-Degtyarev okanye iSpagin. Kwakhona, i-PPP kunye ne-Tokarev yayisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Zonke ezi zixhobo zazibonakaliswa ngokukhululeka kokusetyenziswa, ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho womlilo. Kwabangela ukuba le nto iphumelele imfazwe egazini. Uluhlu lomlilo wee-copy anti-antitank ikopi engaphezu kwe-300 m, eye yavumela ukulwa notshaba olude.

I-Kalashnikov - umqhubi we-post-war we-USSR

Lo mdizayilo ozifundisayo ngokwakhe ubonisa into eyenziwa ngumntu waseRashiya, ongenemfundo efanelekileyo, wakwazi ukuqala umsebenzi oqaqambileyo njengonjiniyela. UMikhail Timofeevich waqala ukusebenza kwishishini ngokupheleleyo kude nomkhosi kunye neemfuno zayo. Emva koko wayengenomdla kwiintsimbi ezincinane zaseRashiya ezisetyenziswa ngamajoni. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokubizelwa kweemfazwe ngo-1938, wazingalindelekanga ukuba wayengumqambi. UKalashnikov waqhubeka ekulwela ilizwe lakhe.

Kuphela emva kokulimala uMikhail Timofeevich wathunyelwa ekufundeni. Kulapho, umqhubi ophumeleleyo waseKalashnikov waqala njengomyili wezakhono. Sekudlulileyo ngowe-1946 wadala i-AK-47 eyingqungquthela, okwangoku ibangela inhlonipho enkulu kunye nomona kwihlabathi lonke.

Ubomi bakhe obude kunye nobuncembe kakhulu uMikhail Timofeevich wabumba izixhobo ezi-33 zezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-RPK 74, i-AKS-74, i-RPK-74, njl. Ukongezelela, wabhala amanqaku angama-40 kunye nesigqirha sesayensi, kwaye waba lilungu elifanelekileyo labalobi be-Writers 'Union kwiincwadi zeememori.

Iimfuneko zokuqala zokuphuhlisa i-RPK-74

Yonke yaqala ngo-1942, xa umyalelo womkhosi wawujongene nomsebenzi wokudala izixhobo zakhe, ukuvumela ukuba ulwe kumgama ongaphezu kwama-400 m. Iyokuqala zenzelwe i-cartridges zendalo yonke ngokwemidwebo ka-Elizarov no-Semin. Iisampuli zokuqala ezisetyenzisiweyo, zilinganise i-bullet ye-8 g kwaye zihambelana nomlinganiselo we-7.62 mm. Kwakungaphantsi kwesi sikhulu ukuba kwakucetywayo ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezinamandla nezifanelekileyo.

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ikhomishini ekhethiweyo yonyula idivaysi entsha eyenzelwe nguSudayev (owandulela i-RPK-74). Lo mvelisi wadala amaninzi amanqaku asebenzayo kwaye alula, ngenxa yokubaluleka komgangatho wokulwa. Isixhobo esitsha ngokuzenzekelayo sandifumana igama eliqhelekileyo njenge-AS-44. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lovavanyo lwamajoni enkundleni esi sixhobo saye saqatshelwa ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu besakhiwo. Ekuqaleni kowe-1946 iimvavanyo zokhuphiswano zaqhubeka.

Imbali yokusekwa kwe-PKK-74

UMikhail Kalashnikov wajoyina ukulwa kobuqhankqalazo kulo khuphiswano olukhethekileyo. Ngelo xesha wayesebenamava athile ekuphuhliseni izithuthi. Ukuva malunga nomsebenzi wokudala umatshini omtsha, waqala ukuhlakulela yakhe inguqulelo.

Emva kwexesha elithile, uKalshnikov wazisa i-AK-46. Kwaye kufana nokudalwa kwe-carbine, efana ne-American Garand M1. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leemvavanyo zokhuphiswano lo mshini wanikezela ukuphuhliswa kweBulkin kunye neDementiev.

Emva kokungaphumeleli, uMikhail Timofeevich, kunye neZaitsev, baphucule umzekelo, basebenzisa umzekelo wokhetho olunempumelelo. Le ndlela yendlela uA-47 eyamangalisa ngayo kunye ne-PKK ngo-1961 yenzelwe, ngokusekelwe kulo mshini womshishini waseKalashnikov owaphuhliswa yi-RPK-74. Kwakufuneka isetyenziswe ukulwa nesantya.

RPK-74 yedivayisi

Ngokudala umshini womshishini, uKalashnikov ufumene ubuninzi besibalo semibhobho yesibhakabhaka esingcono kwimikhosi yakhe yomkhosi. Ngako oko, le mfuno ichaphazele ngqo ngokuyilo lo mzekelo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-RPK-74 ifowuni iyahluka kancinci kubangaphambili bayo. Kunoko, yongezwa ngeenkcukacha zanamhlanje. Umatshini unamalungu angundoqo. Phakathi kwabo, umbhobho kunye nebhokisi, isakhelo se-bolt ne-piston ekhethekileyo yegesi, indlela yokubuyisela kunye ne-bolt, ityhuthi yegesi, i-front-end, ivenkile kunye ne-ramrod, kunye ne-flame arrester. Zonke izicatshulwa zifana neendlela ezifanayo.

I-trunk engenakuxhatshazwa iyancinci kwaye ilukhuni kune-AK-74. Ngaphantsi kwayo, iifayili ezikhethekileyo zokunyusa zifakwe. Iinjongo ezijolise ngokwabo zikwazi ukufaka izilungiso ezihlukahlukeneyo zangaphambili. Isibhamu se-RPK-74 sitshisa ngokubini ukusuka kwiphondo kunye nakwi-drum shop. Ngethuba elifanayo, ngenxa yokunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba kwendile, ukuchaneka kokudubula kwaphuculiswa ngumlinganiselo we-1.5 xa kuthelekiswa neenguqulelo zangaphambili.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

Inkqubela kunye nophuhliso lweempahla ezifuna ukuphuculwa kweempawu zeempahla ngokulinganisela, udidi lomlilo nokuchaneka. Ngako oko, umyili wezame ukuzama ukuphucula nokuphucula umzekelo ophuhliswayo.

Kwi-arsenal yayo, umpu we-Kalashnikov umshini RPK-74 usebenzisa i-cartridges ye-5.45 mm yamakhamera. Umyinge womlilo ngu-600 ngamnye ngomzuzu. Ubude obude bomgca lu-5-7. Ngokwenene, kukho izinga lokulwa lomlilo ukuya kwii-150 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu. Ukungaphumeleli ekuthunjweni kungabikho kwi-5 ukuya kwi-40 cm (kuxhomekeke kumgama ukuya kujoliswe). Umthamo wephepha eliqhelekileyo yi-cartridges ezingama-45.

Uluhlu olujoliswe kulo mzekelo lu malunga nemitha engama-1000. Umlilo osebenzayo uqhutyelwa kude ukusuka kwi-300 m ekhanda uze ufike ku-800 m kumfanekiso osebenzayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ububanzi obuphezulu bebhola ekhutshwe malunga ne-3150 m.

Isici esicacileyo solu phuhliso sisisindo esincinci - kunye nomagazini olayishiwe umpu womshini ukhulula 5.46 kg, kwaye kwindawo yokulwa kunye kunye nemiboniso - 7.66 kg.

Iinguqulelo ezinkulu

I-USSR ihlale iqwalasele iimeko ezininzi zokudubula. Ngako oko, i-airsoft RPK-74 ivumela ukuba isebenze ngokukhethekileyo ukuba isebenze ngokuphumelelayo emini nasemini. Umlilo unokuqhutyelwa kokubili kunye nangendlela yokuzenzekelayo. Oku kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ngokubanzi ubuchule bePKK.

Ukongezelela, kule minyaka elandelayo, ngokusekelwe kulo mzekelo, i-automate entsha, eyongezelelekileyo yenzelwe:

• RPK-74N. Le isampula ekhethekileyo yokujolisa ukutshitshisa ebusuku. Kuyilo lwakhiwo, kunokwenzeka ukufaka i-optical pickup. Kwakhona, i-RPK-74P kunye ne-RPK-74M zenzelwe - zanamhlanje, zifumana i-receiver reinforced, i-foldt butt kunye nolwazi olukhulayo lwe-trunk.
• RPKS-74. Lo mzekelo waveliswa ngokukodwa kwi-force force attacking force. Apha, ukukwazi ukuphanga nokuvula i-butt yomshini ngomshini wenziwa. Ukujoliswa kunye nokudutshulwa ebusuku, i-RPK-74P kunye ne-RPK-74N zaveliswa.
• RPK-201 kunye ne-RPK-203. Ezi zikhetho zenziwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekridiji ngokukodwa ukuthumela ngaphandle.

Ezifanayo

Isibhamu somatshini, esenziwe ngumyili waseRussia uKlashnikov, sisesebenzela ngamazwe angaphezu kwama-20. Ezinye iindawo malunga neso mshini zanikezela izixhobo zabo. Ngokomzekelo, eYugoslavia, ukuveliswa kwemichilo yomshini weKalashnikov kunye nefomathi eyahlukeneyo kunye nesiphatha esikhethekileyo (i-model 77B1) yasungulwa, kunye neenguqu nge-barrel fin (72B1).

Kamva kamva, impu yomshini enefowuni ekhethekileyo kunye ne-butt yokubamba ngesiseko se-RPK-74 nayo yaveliswa ePoland. Isimpawu salo mzekelo sivumela ukuba sitsho ukuba yayingaphantsi kwesampuli. ECzechoslovakia, lo mshini wabuye wathathwa ukuze utshintshwe.

Isibhamu se-Valmet-78, esenziwa eFinland, phantse ngokuphindaphindiweyo isakhiwo seKalashnikov. Ukwahluka kukutshintshi kweso sitye kunye ne-butt, ilungiselelo lezinto zokuhamba, ngaphambili nokuphatha. Kwakhona kukho ukukhutshwa komlilo okhethekileyo.

Iinzuzo zomzekelo

Ngamanye amaxesha izixhobo, njengezinye izinto ezininzi, akudingeki ukuba zichaze zonke iingenelo namathuba. Ixesha kunye nokusebenza kufaka yonke into kwindawo yayo. Izixhobo ze-PKK-74 zadlula zonke iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo kwaye zafumana ukuqaphela okufanelekileyo. Imikhosi yamaninzi amaninzi ibonakalise ukunyaniseka kwayo kunye nokubaluleka kokulwa. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ezinye zeempawu zayo ezahlukileyo eziye zafaka isandla ekuthandeni kwalo mshinki:

• Gcwalisa ukuhlanganiswa nesiseko AK-47. Urhulumente wase-USSR wafuna kubaqulunqi ukudala inkqubo yombutho ekhethekileyo apho zonke izakhi ziya kuzaliswa kwaye zitshintshwe. Umzekelo, i-RPK-74 isebenzisa i-cartridges efanayo ne-AK-47.
• Kulula ukunyamekela, ukudibanisa umatshini nokulungisa. Imodeli yefowuni yayisisiseko, okwenza kube lula ukuyigcina kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
• Isisindo sokukhanya. Ubunzima obuxhaswe bompu umatshini kuphela 5.47 kg. Oku kunceda kakhulu ukunyuka kwamajoni, kwaye kwandisa ububanzi beli sixhobo.

Iingxaki eziphambili zomzekelo

Ezinye zeziphene zePKK ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

• Umthamo omncinci wophondo kunye nengqungqutyana eneenqwelo. Oku akuvumeli ukudubula rhoqo kunye nokuqhubekayo kwiithagethi zentshaba, ngoko ke kuncitshiswe ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi yokulwa.
• I-trunk yokwakha ayisuswanga, njengamanye amashishini afanayo asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Oku kuchaphazela nokuqina komlilo.
• Ukudubula nge-shutter evaliweyo RPK-74. Umbono wofakelo, kunye nezixhobo zokuyila, musa ukuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sixhobo. Ngoko ke, isantya kunye nokunyaniseka kokudubula kulahlekile.